A Variable Dosage Spray Tower

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 140-140
Author(s):  
A. P. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Fluid Mixing ◽  
Paper Strip ◽  
Spray Chamber ◽  
Chromatographic Paper ◽  
Linear Speed ◽  
Spray Tower ◽  
Spray Droplets

A spray tower apparatus was developed to emit a constant volume of a solution onto a moving belt of chromatographic paper. A metering and fluid mixing device operating on the principle of continual dilution enables an exponentially varying spectrum of chemical dosages to be sprayed onto the paper strip. The degree of deposit and concentration per unit area on the paper can be altered by nozzle setting and adjustment of the linear speed of the paper strip. The excess spray droplets are removed from the spray chamber by vacuum control.

scholarly journals Flash boiling combustion of isomeric butanol and gasoline surrogate blends using constant volume spray chamber and GDI optical engine

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 119328
Author(s):  
Xuesong Li ◽  
Zhe Sun ◽  
Shangze Yang ◽  
Hongyu Wang ◽  
Mohamed Nour
Keyword(s):  
Constant Volume ◽  
Spray Chamber ◽  
Optical Engine ◽  
Flash Boiling

THE URINARY EXCRETION OF PREGNANEDIOL AND PREGNANETRIOL IN THE POLYCYSTIC OVARY (STEIN-LEVENTHAL) SYNDROME

1964 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Lanthier ◽  
Thomas Sandor
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Wedge Resection ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Paper Strip ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Chromatographic Paper ◽  
Proliferative Phase ◽  
Normal Women

ABSTRACT The excretion of urinary pregnane-3α,20α-diol and that of pregnane-3α,17α,20α-triol was investigated in thirty-three patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome. The method utilized for the quantitation of these metabolites involved enzymatic hydrolysis of urines followed by solvent extraction, alumina column chromatography of the crude neutral extract, acetylation of the diol and triol fractions with acetic anhydride-1-14C, paper chromatography of the acetoxy derivatives and measurement of the 14C activity on the chromatographic paper strip by the aid of a radio-chromatogram scanner equipped with an integrating recorder. It was found that during the control period, patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome excreted amounts of metabolites comparable to that found in normal women during the proliferative phase. Under stimulation with human chorionic gonadotrophin the polycystic ovary syndrome patients failed to exhibit the rise in urinary pregnanediol found in normal subjects. After bilateral ovarian wedge resection, there was a return to normal menstrual cycles and normal fluctuations in the urinary excretion of pregnanediol and pregnanetriol. It has been concluded that pregnanediol and pregnanetriol excretion in these patients corresponds to that of normal women during the proliferative phase. Exogenous HCG does not produce the increase in urinary excretion corresponding to the secretory phase as it does in normal women. Ovarian wedge resection re-establishes the normal pattern of cyclic variations in urinary excretion.

A simple paper-strip colorimetric method utilizing dehydrogenase enzymes for analysis of food components

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. 8177-8184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rastislav Monošík ◽  
Vagner Bezerra dos Santos ◽  
Lúcio Angnes
Keyword(s):  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Paper Strip ◽  
Chromatographic Paper ◽  
Food Components

A simple chromatographic paper based colorimetric assay for the analysis of selected food compounds.

Radiation Damage, Contrast and Statistics in High Resolution Biological Electron Microscopy

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
Robert M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Particle Flux ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Resolution Image ◽  
High Resolution Image ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Counting Statistics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Picture Element

It is well known that a large flux of electrons must pass through a specimen in order to obtain a high resolution image while a smaller particle flux is satisfactory for a low resolution image. The minimum particle flux that is required depends upon the contrast in the image and the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio at which the data are considered acceptable. For a given S/N associated with statistical fluxtuations, the relationship between contrast and “counting statistics” is s131_eqn1, where C = contrast; r2 is the area of a picture element corresponding to the resolution, r; N is the number of electrons incident per unit area of the specimen; f is the fraction of electrons that contribute to formation of the image, relative to the total number of electrons incident upon the object.

Reconstruction of Objects from their Projections Using Orthogonal Functions

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 268-269
Author(s):  
Elrnar Zeitler
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
Orthogonal Functions ◽  
Object A ◽  
Plane Normal ◽  
Dimensional Object ◽  
Spatial Density Distribution

Considering any finite three-dimensional object, a “projection” is here defined as a two-dimensional representation of the object's mass per unit area on a plane normal to a given projection axis, here taken as they-axis. Since the object can be seen as being built from parallel, thin slices, the relation between object structure and its projection can be reduced by one dimension. It is assumed that an electron microscope equipped with a tilting stage records the projectionWhere the object has a spatial density distribution p(r,ϕ) within a limiting radius taken to be unity, and the stage is tilted by an angle 9 with respect to the x-axis of the recording plane.

Morphometric SEM study of the effects of ACTH on endothelial fenestrae in the rat adrenal cortex

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 234-235
Author(s):  
J. Curtis ◽  
K. S. Schwartz ◽  
R. P. Apkarian
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Saline Vehicle ◽  
Scanning Electron

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) study was made of the effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on the size and numbers of fenestrae/unit area in the capillary endothelium of the zona fasciculata (ZF) of the rat adrenal. The stimulatory effect of ACTH on cholesterol uptake via high density lipoproteins in the rat and evidence for the secretion of glucocorticoids by exocytosis of lipid droplets described by Rhodin suggest that endothelial change may accompany these transport phenomena.Twelve rats received two Dexamethasone (DEX) ip injections (25 μg DEX/100 g body wt.), the first at 8 PM and the second at 8 AM the next day, to inhibit the release of endogenous ACTH by the anterior pituitary. The animals were then divided into two groups. Six animals received only saline vehicle and six rats received ACTH (100 ng/100 g body wt.).

The Application of Protein A-Gold Immunocytochemistry to Studies of Protein Secretion

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 426-429
Author(s):  
George H. Herbener ◽  
Antonio Nanci ◽  
Moise Bendayan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Section ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Gold Complex ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Antigenic Sites

Protein A-gold immunocytochemistry is a two-step, post-embedding labeling procedure which may be applied to tissue sections to localize intra- and extracellular proteins. The key requisite for immunocytochemistry is the availability of the appropriate antibody to react in an immune response with the antigenic sites on the protein of interest. During the second step, protein A-gold complex is reacted with the antibody. This is a non- specific reaction in that protein A will combine with most IgG antibodies. The ‘label’ visualized in the electron microscope is colloidal gold. Since labeling is restricted to the surface of the tissue section and since colloidal gold is particulate, labeling density, i.e., the number of gold particles per unit area of tissue section, may be quantitated with ease and accuracy.

Maximum Interlabial Pressures in Normal Speakers

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia A. Hinton ◽  
Winston M. C. Arokiasamy
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Jaw Movement ◽  
Contractile Forces ◽  
Contact Pressures ◽  
Muscle Contractile

It has been hypothesized that typical speech movements do not involve large muscular forces and that normal speakers use less than 20% of the maximum orofacial muscle contractile forces that are available (e.g., Amerman, 1993; Barlow & Abbs, 1984; Barlow & Netsell, 1986; DePaul & Brooks, 1993). However, no direct evidence for this hypothesis has been provided. This study investigated the percentage of maximum interlabial contact pressures (force per unit area) typically used during speech production. The primary conclusion of this study is that normal speakers typically use less than 20% of the available interlabial contact pressure, whether or not the jaw contributes to bilabial closure. Production of the phone [p] at conversational rate and intensity generated an average of 10.56% of maximum available interlabial pressure (MILP) when jaw movement was not restricted and 14.62% when jaw movement was eliminated.

The Diverging Collimator

1970 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
G. Muehllehner
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Imaging Camera ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Parallel Hole

SummaryThe diverging collimator makes it possible to increase the field of view of a radioisotope imaging camera. The larger field of view is obtained by sacrificing efficiency per unit area of the field of view while preserving the resolution of the system. This situation is analogous to that of the scanner, where the efficiency per unit area is inversely proportional to the total area scanned.Efficiency and resolution of diverging collimators can be calculated quite accurately as is evidenced by the good agreement between calculated and measured values. The problem of septum penetration, however, needs to be further investigated for both parallel-hole as well as diverging collimators, so that the influence of the shape and arrangement of the holes upon septum penetration is taken into account.

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