GENERIC CLASSIFICATION, EVOLUTION, AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE SMINTHURIDAE OF THE WORLD (COLLEMBOLA)

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (S53) ◽  
pp. 3-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Richards
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Group ◽  
Place Of Origin

AbstractThe Sminthuridae, which comprises the largest of the two world-wide families in the suborder Symphypleona, contains 31 genera. Four of these, Collophora, Bothriovulsus, Vesicephalus, and Temeritas are described as new. This study was undertaken mainly to more accurately ascertain relationships within the family. As a result four subfamilies, the Sminthuridinae, the Katianninae, the Dicyrtominae, and the Sminthurinae, are recognized. Of these, the Sminthuridinae seems to have been the first group to become established and the Sminthurinae was relatively the more recent group. The material has been analyzed for indications as to probable age of the units that have been called genera and the place of origin. It seems likely that the generic units existed before the close of the Cretaceous and that the group originated in the north.

scholarly journals HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPREAD OF ENGLISH

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 52-69
Author(s):  
Graeme Davis
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Dialect ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Global Status ◽  
Global Language ◽  
A Minor

There has never been a language like English. Mother tongue to around 375 million people and second language to many hundreds of millions more, the first language of business and the internet, English is truly a world-wide language. English has a unique position as the essential language skill for the world, for it is in English that the world is communicating. It is the prime beneficiary of the world-wide communications revolution and the only language ever to have achieved global status. In recorded history – in a little over one-thousand five-hundred years - it has grown from the local dialect of a minor Germanic tribe of a few thousand people living in the north of continental Europe to become the most widespread language ever. Never before has any language achieved the status now enjoyed by English, nor could this dominance have been predicted. How English has become the global language is a natural area for enquiry.

Zoogeography of the echiuran fauna of the East Pacific Ocean (Phylum: Echiura)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3479 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMLALL BISESWAR
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
The North ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
East Pacific Ocean ◽  
The North Pacific ◽  
World Fauna ◽  
Eleven Species

This report provides a checklist of the echiuran fauna of the East Pacific Ocean and analyses their distribution. All thespecies are mapped and keys for their identification are provided. Currently the echiuran fauna of the East Pacificcomprises three families, 9 genera and 17 species. The family Bonelliidae contains two genera and three species, theUrechidae has a single genus with two species, and the Echiuridae contains six genera and 12 species. This investigationshows that the East Pacific has a very low species diversity comprising only about 10% of the world fauna. Of the recordedspecies in the East Pacific, 12 are found in the North Pacific, four are circumtropical and only two species are found in theSouth Pacific. Ochetostoma baronii is the only species considered to be cosmopolitan and eleven species appear to be endemic to the Eastern Pacific.

scholarly journals THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF NEMISTRINIDÆ

1883 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Williston
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
North American ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
General Appearance

The family of Nemistrinidæ comprises throughout the world one hundred and ten described species, six or seven of which are from Southern Europe and three from North America; the remainder nearly equally distributed in Asia, Africa, Australia and South America. In their habits, so far as known, the species approach the Bombylidæ most closely, as also do many in their general appearance. Structurally they are of interest to the Dipterologist, on account of their intricate and diverse neuration, which in some species is almost Neuropter-like in the reticulation.Doubtless the number of our species will be augmented by future discoveries, but yet we can never expect a very material increase.

A REVISION OF THE TROGOSITIDAE OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO (COLEOPTERA: CLEROIDEA)

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (S75) ◽  
pp. 1-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Barron
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
North American ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Family ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

AbstractThe species and genera of the family Trogositidae in America north of Mexico are revised. Two subfamilies are recognized: Peltinae and Trogositinae. The Peltinae include: Calitys Thomson (2 species), Eronyxa Reitter (3 species), Ostoma Laicharting (3 species), Grynocharis Thomson (2 species), Lophocateres Olliff (1 species), and Thymalus Latreille (1 species). The Trogositinae include: Nemosoma Latreille (5 species), Cylidrella Sharp (1 species), Corticotomus Sharp (6 species), Euschaefferia Leng (2 species), Airora Reitter (3 species), Temnochila Westwood (10 species), and Tenebroides Piller and Mitterpacher (18 species). Pseudocotomus Schaeffer is placed in synonymy with Euschaefferia Leng and Parafilumis Casey with Corticotomus Sharp. New species are Temnochila omolopha from Arizona and New Mexico and Temnochila rhyssa from California and Idaho. Synonymies, keys, descriptions, collecting and locality data, and illustrations are included. A checklist places all the species and genera in the proposed classification. Interpretation of relationships of the genera and species is included. The North American taxa are associated with the trogositid taxa from other parts of the world, and with groups within the other families of Cleroidea. Relationships among the taxa are postulated. The inclusion of peltines and trogositines in a single family is upheld.

Studies on Mosquito Larvae: II. The First-stage Larvae of North American Culicidae and of World Anophelinae

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Rodney Dodge
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
North American Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
The World ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Binocular Microscope ◽  
First Time

AbstractFirst instars of 93 North American species of mosquitoes are studied and 56 are illustrated, 41 for the first time. Generic differences are well marked in this instar and nearly all species are separable.Two keys to the 11 North American genera are presented; the first is constructed to show similarities between first and later instars. Each genus is described and keyed to species, and notes are given on each species. A supplementary key to the species of the southeastern states is designed for the use of a binocular microscope with magnification up to 60 ×.Specific and generic differences are as well marked in the first as in the fourth instar. Identifications are as easy or as difficult in the first as in the fourth instar, though usually based on different characters.An expanded key to the North American species of Aedes, incorporating those previously treated by Bohart and by Price, is attempted. The key reveals several species complexes which have not been discerned from other stages of the life cycle, namely, Aedes canadensis, nigromaculis, punctor, stimulans infirmatus and trivittatus.A key to the first instars of the 37 species of the world-wide Anophelinae is presented, on the basis of published descriptions and figures of the exotic species.

scholarly journals Unraveling the evolutionary history of the cave-dwelling Dysderidae in the Dinarides

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Pavlek ◽  
Miquel Arnedo ◽  
Fulvio Gasparo ◽  
Silvia Adrian
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
North Part ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dinaric Mountains

Because of their size, abundance and active predatory lifestyle, spiders of the family Dysderidae are among the most conspicuous creatures in the Dinaric caves. Historically, the interest for this group dates back to 1847, to the description of the first cave spider in the world, Stalita taenaria, and peaks in the middle of 20th century with the works of Joseph Kratochvíl and Christa L. Deeleman-Reinhold among others. However, after all these years, an explicit phylogenetic hypothesis about the family relationships is still missing and the taxonomy of some genera is a matter of debate. Dinaric cave representatives belong to two subfamilies: Rhodinae, with 13 species from five genera (Rhode, Stalita, Parastalita, Mesostalita and Stalitella) and Harpacteinae, with eight species from two genera (Folkia and Stalagtia). All species are considered troglobiotic and are Dinaric endemics, with Harpacteine restricted to the south part of the Dinaric Mountains and Rhodinae (with few exceptions) to the north part. Here, we present the results of a mutli-locus phylogenetic analysis of the family combining mitochondrial and nuclear genes of the focal group along with representatives of the other dysderid genera. Our data reveal a more complex taxonomic structure than currently recognized, with several instances of paraphyly, and uncover some overlooked diversity at the species level.

scholarly journals ‘Doing the North-South splits: Post-modern Strain on a Pre-modern Institution’

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Mutter
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
World Wide ◽  
World View ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Anglican Church ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Modern Strain

‘The controversy in the Anglican Church around homosexuality within the priesthood is considered in terms of the kind of world-view held by an important faction of those in opposition. An example of research into the world-view of Charismatic Christians running an Anglican outreach project in the UK is taken to gain insight into the world-wide Evangelical Charismatic resurgence. Parallels are drawn with the position taken by the Southern hemisphere Anglicans and it is argued that this opposition is unlikely to be yielding to the secularising influences of pluralistic industrialised societies. Robertson (1985) proposes that religious forms in differentiated societies, such as Charismatic Evangelicalism, draw strength from global integration. It is argued that this thesis is relevant to understanding the nature of divisions within Anglicanism as these world-wide factions cut across and divide a broad church. That the world contains varying conditions of secularisation and counter-secularisation (Berger, 1999) places additional and intolerable strain on a world-wide communion that tries to embrace a plurality.’

The Cupedidae of the World

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Atkins
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
World Wide ◽  
New South ◽  
South American ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Available Information ◽  
A New Species

In recent years there has been an increase in the number of papers dealing with the family Cupedidae, but in spite of the revised interest in this group there is still no publication which treats the family on a world-wide basis and provides keys for separating all the genera and species. According to Janssens (1953), the family contains 22 species belonging to five genera. Recently, Neboiss (1959) added three new species from Australia and erected a new South American genus, while Papp (1961) described a new species from California. In this paper I will bring the available information on the Cupedidae together and present a list of fossil forms, a series of keys to the genera and species, and an account of their geographical distribution. In addition, I propose three new synonyms in the genus Cupes.

scholarly journals Saving Psychoanalysts: Ernest Jones and the Isakowers

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Kirsner
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Library Of Congress ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Ernest Jones

This article examines the role played by Ernest Jones in saving psychoanalysts from Germany and Austria during the 1930s, and, in particular, in the case of Drs Otto and Salomea Isakower from Vienna. Archives from the Library of Congress and the British Psychoanalytical Society are used to document how Jones navigated the considerable difficulties presented in both Europe and London as well as by colleagues and was able to help the Isakowers emigrate to Liverpool where they worked and began the ‘North of England’ training group with others and emigrated to the USA in 1940. As President of the International Psychoanalytical Association and of the British Psychoanalytical Society, Jones had responsibilities with psychoanalyst refugees, which he performed with care, commitment and political competence. Although Jones did not succeed in saving psychoanalysis in Europe, he played a crucial role in saving psychoanalysts. He helped to spread the world-wide standing and influence of psychoanalysis.

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