The impact of theManual of Nearctic Dipteraon phylogenetic dipterology

2012 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Yeates ◽  
Brian M. Wiegmann
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Molecular Systematics ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Magnum Opus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Consistent Approach

AbstractOur knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships of Diptera advanced through the 20th century at an unprecedented rate; the two crowning achievements of the century were Hennig's magnum opus – theHandbuch der Zoologietreatment of the order and Volume 3 of theManual of Nearctic Dipteraseries, edited by McAlpine and Wood. The Manual is outstanding because of its scope and rigorous, consistent approach, treating the relationships of the entire order at family level using Hennigian argumentation. Synapomorphic characters from all life stages were identified using outgroup comparison and monophyletic taxa were established using synapomorphies mapped onto nodes. The Manual chapters energized a generation of students to publish rigorous, quantitative cladistic phylogenetic treatments of many dipteran groups. The chapters also acted as an authoritative scaffold for the development of dipteran molecular systematics in the 1990s. No other megadiverse insect order has had such an influential phylogenetic springboard into the 21st century.

scholarly journals Acute brain trauma

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
GT Martin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Brain Trauma ◽  
Computer Calculations ◽  
Skull Deformity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Primary Injury ◽  
The Brain

In the 20th century, the complications of head injuries were controlled but not eliminated. The wars of the 21st century turned attention to blast, the instant of impact and the primary injury of concussion. Computer calculations have established that in the first 5 milliseconds after the impact, four independent injuries on the brain are inflicted: 1) impact and its shockwave, 2) deceleration, 3) rotation and 4) skull deformity with vibration (or resonance). The recovery, pathology and symptoms after acute brain trauma have always been something of a puzzle. The variability of these four modes of injury, along with a variable reserve of neurones, explains some of this problem.

8. Judaism today

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Solomon
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Religious Leadership ◽  
Jewish Thought ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Second World

No religion has emerged unchanged into the 21st century. Increasing secularization of Western governments has undermined the power of religious leadership and people’s values have changed. Lots of people have abandoned organized religion. ‘Judaism today’ examines the impact of postmodernist thinking in recent times on Judaism. World Jewry has found itself at the centre of two 20th-century events that have affected it in unique ways: the trauma of the Shoah, or Holocaust, and the establishment of the State of Israel. Four areas in which Jewish thought has developed since the Second World War are considered: Zionism, Holocaust theology, God, and Feminism.

scholarly journals The Influence of Bilingualism on Personality: Psychological and Pedagogical Studies of Foreign Scientists

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Ranjan
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Bilingual Advantage ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Since the first half of the 20th century, the question of whether bilingualism affects the individual has become a topic of major scientific research. The purpose of this article is to show the directions of research on this problem. In answering this question, the studies were divided into two main periods: positive and negative attitudes towards bilingualism. The authors conducted a meta-analysis of published studies on the impact of bilingualism on personal development: at the first stage of the analysis, they reviewed the abstracts of conferences on this topic for the period from the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, and at the second stage, they determined which of these studies were subsequently published. Preferably, studies with the results that fully support the theory of bilingual advantage were published. The practical significance of this work consists in the fact that it presents modern research by foreign scientists on bilingualism. The reasons for two contradictory views of researchers on the problem of bilingualism are analyzed. In the future, the article can help build modern ideas about bilingualism and bilingual personality.

Immunization from the Perspective of a Millennium

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Grabenstein
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
Good For ◽  
New Applications ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Passing Grade

Credit This lesson is good for 0.2 CE units, with a passing grade of 70%. Objectives After completing this continuing education article, the pharmacist will be able to: 1. Describe the evolution of immunization over the past thousand years. 2. Discuss the impact of specific infectious diseases on world populations before the development of immunizations against them. 3. Understand the significance of immunization in increasing human lifespan. 3. Compare immunization policies of different eras in the 20th century. 4. Identify some potential new applications of immunological drugs in the 21st century.

Ludwig von Mises "Human Action" as a Textbook in Economics

2010 ◽  
pp. 62-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Huerta de Soto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Ludwig Von Mises ◽  
Teaching Economics ◽  
Magnum Opus ◽  
Development Of Economic Theory ◽  
Main Representative ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
The Impact

The author indicates shortcomings of the modern economics textbooks and surveys the contribution to economics made by Ludwig von Mises, the main representative of the Austrian school in the second half of the 20th century, and the impact of his magnum opus "Human Action" on the development of economic theory. The author summarizes the methodology of teaching economics (on the basis of "Human Action") he used in the Complutense University of Madrid.

scholarly journals РЕАЛЬНІСТЬ ЯК ВИГАДКА? ПОНЯТТЯ “МЕТАМОДЕРНІЗМ” І “МЕТАМОДЕРН” В СУЧАСНОМУ КУЛЬТУРОЛОГІЧНОМУ І ЛІТЕРАТУРОЗНАВЧОМУ ДИСКУРСІ

2021 ◽  
pp. 152-164
Author(s):  
Ольга Бандровська
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
David Foster Wallace ◽  
The Past ◽  
Literary Trend ◽  
The Impact

At the beginning of the 20th century, postmodernism has depleted its cultural and aesthetic potential, and as most critics agree, it has become a phenomenon of the past. Among the conceptions aimed at comprehending the impact of the new media and digital technologies, together with the trend towards globalization, digimodernism, automoderrnism, altermodernism, performatism, and metamodernism can be listed as the most conspicuous ones. Proceeding from the fact that metamodernism is a theoretically developed and strongly institutionalized conceptualization of both current cultural change and 21st-century fi ction, this paper focuses on its cultural and literary strategies. Primarily, the study aims to analyze the fundamentals of metamodernism elaborated in the works by Timotheus Vermeulen and Robin van den Akker and in metamodernist web manifestoes. To achieve this goal, such notions as a “structure of feeling” and “new sincerity” that refl ect an emerging cultural sensibility, along with the principle of the metamodernist oscillation between modernist and postmodernist modes, are highlighted. The claim that the Metamodern era replaces Postmodernity is also under investigation. In addition, the paper explores the main features of metamodernism in the works by David Foster Wallace, one of the most famous and infl uential US writers of his generation, a talented novelist and essayist. Application of nonlinear, rhizomatic structures at the narrative level, modeling of the reality according to the principle “what if this is true?”, and a combination of the principles of “new sincerity” and post-irony in Wallace’s novel “Infi nite Jest” are considered. The paper concludes that metamodernism as a literary trend of the recent decades suggests new fi ctional patterns of aesthetic innovations, primarily in returning multiple facets of reality into a literary text. Key words: metamodernism, Metamodern, postmodernism, Postmodern, “new sincerity”, “structure of feeling”, Vermeulen and van den Akker, “Notes on Metamodernism”, David Wallace, “Infi nite Jest”.

MATHEMATICS IN THE 20TH CENTURY

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL ATIYAH
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The Impact

A survey is given of several key themes that have characterised mathematics in the 20th century. The impact of physics is also discussed, and some speculations are made about possible developments in the 21st century.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document