scholarly journals A Genomic Approach to Study Anthocyanin Synthesis and Flower Pigmentation in Passionflowers

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Cristina Baldon Aizza ◽  
Marcelo Carnier Dornelas
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Sequence Tags ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genomic Approach ◽  
Flower Pigmentation ◽  
Temporal Accumulation ◽  
Expressed Sequence

Most of the plant pigments ranging from red to purple colors belong to the anthocyanin group of flavonoids. The flowers of plants belonging to the genusPassiflora(passionflowers) show a wide range of floral adaptations to diverse pollinating agents, including variation in the pigmentation of floral parts ranging from white to red and purple colors. Exploring a database of expressed sequence tags obtained from flower buds of two divergentPassifloraspecies, we obtained assembled sequences potentially corresponding to 15 different genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in these species. The obtained sequences code for putative enzymes are involved in the production of flavonoid precursors, as well as those involved in the formation of particular (“decorated”) anthocyanin molecules. We also obtained sequences encoding regulatory factors that control the expression of structural genes and regulate the spatial and temporal accumulation of pigments. The identification of some of the putativePassifloraanthocyanin biosynthesis pathway genes provides novel resources for research on secondary metabolism in passionflowers, especially on the elucidation of the processes involved in floral pigmentation, which will allow future studies on the role of pigmentation in pollinator preferences in a molecular level.

scholarly journals Recent Insights into Anthocyanin Pigmentation, Synthesis, Trafficking, and Regulatory Mechanisms in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Caryopsis

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enerand Mackon ◽  
Guibeline Charlie Jeazet Dongho Epse Mackon ◽  
Yafei Ma ◽  
Muhammad Haneef Kashif ◽  
Niyaz Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Pigmented Rice ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Natural Colorants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anthocyanin Production ◽  
And Storage

Anthocyanins are antioxidants used as natural colorants and are beneficial to human health. Anthocyanins contribute to reactive oxygen species detoxification and sustain plant growth and development under different environmental stresses. They are phenolic compounds that are broadly distributed in nature and are responsible for a wide range of attractive coloration in many plant organs. Anthocyanins are found in various parts of plants such as flowers, leaves, stems, shoots, and grains. Considering their nutritional and health attributes, anthocyanin-enriched rice or pigmented rice cultivars are a possible alternative to reduce malnutrition around the globe. Anthocyanin biosynthesis and storage in rice are complex processes in which several structural and regulatory genes are involved. In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in the molecular and genetic mechanism of anthocyanins, and their synthesis is of great interest to researchers and the scientific community. However, limited studies have reported anthocyanin synthesis, transportation, and environmental conditions that can hinder anthocyanin production in rice. Rice is a staple food around the globe, and further research on anthocyanin in rice warrants more attention. In this review, metabolic and pre-biotic activities, the underlying transportation, and storage mechanisms of anthocyanins in rice are discussed in detail. This review provides potential information for the food industry and clues for rice breeding and genetic engineering of rice.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Effects of Exogenous Hematin on Anthocyanin Biosynthesis during Strawberry Fruit Ripening

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Huayin Li ◽  
Fengde Wang ◽  
Jingjuan Li ◽  
Yihui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Strawberry Fruit Ripening ◽  
Positive Effect

Anthocyanin in strawberries has a positive effect on fruit coloration. In this study, the role of exogenous hematin on anthocyanin biosynthesis was investigated. Our result showed that the white stage of strawberries treated with exogenous hematin had higher anthocyanin content, compared to the control group. Among all treatments, 5 μM of hematin was the optimal condition to promote color development. In order to explore the molecular mechanism of fruit coloring regulated by hematin, transcriptomes in the hematin- and non-hematin-treated fruit were analyzed. A large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in regulating anthocyanin synthesis, including the DEGs involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, hormone signaling transduction, phytochrome signaling, starch and sucrose degradation, and transcriptional pathways. These regulatory networks may play an important role in regulating the color process of strawberries treated with hematin. In summary, exogenous hematin could promote fruit coloring by increasing anthocyanin content in the white stage of strawberries. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis suggests that hematin-promoted fruit coloring occurs through multiple related metabolic pathways, which provides valuable information for regulating fruit color via anthocyanin biosynthesis in strawberries.

scholarly journals MYB-Mediated Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3103
Author(s):  
Huiling Yan ◽  
Xiaona Pei ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Xinxin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Transcriptional Regulators ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Visual Effects ◽  
Binding Motifs ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Viral Oncogene Homolog

Anthocyanins are natural water-soluble pigments that are important in plants because they endow a variety of colors to vegetative tissues and reproductive plant organs, mainly ranging from red to purple and blue. The colors regulated by anthocyanins give plants different visual effects through different biosynthetic pathways that provide pigmentation for flowers, fruits and seeds to attract pollinators and seed dispersers. The biosynthesis of anthocyanins is genetically determined by structural and regulatory genes. MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) proteins are important transcriptional regulators that play important roles in the regulation of plant secondary metabolism. MYB transcription factors (TFs) occupy a dominant position in the regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The TF conserved binding motifs can be combined with other TFs to regulate the enrichment and sedimentation of anthocyanins. In this study, the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic mechanisms of MYB-TFs are discussed. The role of the environment in the control of the anthocyanin biosynthesis network is summarized, the complex formation of anthocyanins and the mechanism of environment-induced anthocyanin synthesis are analyzed. Some prospects for MYB-TF to modulate the comprehensive regulation of anthocyanins are put forward, to provide a more relevant basis for further research in this field, and to guide the directed genetic modification of anthocyanins for the improvement of crops for food quality, nutrition and human health.

scholarly journals Data from expressed sequence tags from the organs and embryos of parthenogenetic Haemaphysalis longicornis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji ◽  
Jinlin Zhou ◽  
Min Liao ◽  
Badgar Battsetseg ◽  
Damdinsuren Boldbaatar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tags ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Data Resource ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Expressed Sequence

Abstract Objectives Haemaphysalis longicornis is the most important tick species in Japan and has a wide range of vector capacity. Due to its veterinary and medical importance, this tick species has been used as a model for tick/vector biological studies. To identify the key molecules associated with physiological processes during blood feeding and embryogenesis, full-length cDNA libraries were constructed using the fat body, hemocytes-containing hemolymph, midgut, ovary and salivary glands of fed females and embryos of the laboratory colony of parthenogenetic H. longicornis. The sequences of cDNA from the salivary glands had been already released. However, the related information is still poor, and the other expressed sequence tags have not yet been deposited. Data description A total of 39,113 expressed sequence tags were obtained and deposited at the DNA DataBank of Japan. There were 7745 sequences from embryos, 7385 from the fat body, 8303 from the hemolymph including hemocytes, 7385 from the midgut, and 8295 from the ovary. The data, including expressed sequence tags from the salivary glands was summarized into Microsoft Excel files. Sharing this data resource with the tick research community will be valuable for the identification of novel genes and advance the progress of tick research.

scholarly journals Role of Expressed Sequence Tags in Cotton Improvement

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Viralkumar B Mandaliya ◽  
Vrinda S Thaker
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Sequence Tags ◽  
Expressed Sequence

scholarly journals The evidence for anthocyanins in the betalain-pigmented genus Hylocereus is weak

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boas Pucker ◽  
Samuel F. Brockington
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Strong Basis ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Biosynthesis Gene

Here we respond to Zhou et al., 2020 'Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome analysis of Pitaya fruit unveiled the mechanisms underlying Peel and pulp color formation' published in BMC Genomics. Given the evolutionary conserved anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in betalain-pigmented species, we are open to the idea that species with both anthocyanins and betalains might exist. However, in absence of LC-MS/MS spectra, apparent lack of biological replicates, and no comparison to authentic standards, the findings of Zhou et al., 2020 are not a strong basis to propose the presence of anthocyanins in betalain-pigmented pitaya. In addition, our re-analysis of the datasets indicates the misidentification of important genes and the omission of key anthocyanin synthesis genes ANS and DFR. Finally, our re-analysis of the RNA-Seq dataset reveals no correlation between anthocyanin biosynthesis gene expression and pigment status.

scholarly journals De novo transcriptome sequencing of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) fleshy roots: analysis of major genes involved in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Gao ◽  
Wen-Bo Li ◽  
Hong-Fang Liu ◽  
Fa-Bo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Red Pigment ◽  
De Novo Transcriptome ◽  
Qrt Pcr

Abstract Background The HongXin radish (Raphanus sativus L.), which contains the natural red pigment (red radish pigment), is grown in the Fuling district of Chongqing City. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin synthesis for the formation of natural red pigment in the fleshy roots of HongXin radish are not well studied. Results De novo transcriptome of HX-1 radish, as well as that of the advanced inbred lines HX-2 and HX-3 were characterized using next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. In total, approximately 66.22 million paired-end reads comprising 34, 927 unigenes (N50 = 1, 621 bp) were obtained. Based on sequence similarity search with known proteins, total of 30, 127 (about 86.26%) unigenes were identified. Additionally, functional annotation and classification of these unigenes indicated that most of the unigenes were predominantly enriched in the metabolic process-related terms, especially for the biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites. Moreover, majority of the anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes (ABRGs) involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis were identified by targeted search for their annotation. Subsequently, the expression of 15 putative ABRGs involved in the anthocyanin synthesis-related pathways were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Of those, RsPAL2, RsCHS-B2, RsDFR1, RsDFR2, RsFLS, RsMT3 and RsUFGT73B2-like were identified significantly associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. Especially for RsDFR1, RsDFR2 and RsFLS, of those, RsDFR1 and RsDFR2 were highest enriched in the HX-3 and WG-3, but RsFLS were down-regulated in HX-3 and WG-3. We proposed that the transcripts of RsDFR1, RsDFR2 and RsFLS might be act as key regulators in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. Conclusions The assembled radish transcript sequences were analysed to identify the key ABRGs involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Additionally, the expression patterns of candidate ABRGs involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway were validated by qRT-PCR. We proposed that the transcripts of RsDFR1, RsDFR2 and RsFLS might be acted as key regulators in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. This study will enhance our understanding of the biosynthesis and metabolism of anthocyanin in radish.

scholarly journals PASSIOMA: Exploring Expressed Sequence Tags during Flower Development inPassifloraspp.

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Cutri ◽  
Marcelo Carnier Dornelas
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Sequence Tags ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Floral Diversity ◽  
Genomic Tools ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Expressed Sequence

The genusPassifloraprovides a remarkable example of floral complexity and diversity. The extreme variation ofPassifloraflower morphologies allowed a wide range of interactions with pollinators to evolve. We used the analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) as an approach for the characterization of genes expressed duringPassiflorareproductive development. Analyzing thePassiflorafloral EST database (named PASSIOMA), we found sequences showing significant sequence similarity to genes known to be involved in reproductive development such as MADS-box genes. Some of these sequences were studied using RT-PCR andin situhybridization confirming their expression duringPassifloraflower development. The detection of these novel sequences can contribute to the development of EST-based markers for important agronomic traits as well as to the establishment of genomic tools to study the naturally occurring floral diversity amongPassifloraspecies.

scholarly journals Exploring the Molecular Mechanism of Blue Flower Color Formation in Hydrangea macrophylla cv. “Forever Summer”

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiqing Peng ◽  
Xujie Dong ◽  
Chao Xue ◽  
Zhiming Liu ◽  
Fuxiang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Blue Flower ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla

Hydrangea macrophylla has a large inflorescence and rich colors, which has made it one of the most popular ornamental flowers worldwide. Thus far, the molecular mechanism of flower color formation in H. macrophylla flowers is unknown. By comparing the pigment content and transcriptome data of the bud period (FSF1), discoloration period (FSF2) and full-bloom stage (FSF3) of infertile blue flowers of H. macrophylla cv. “Forever Summer,” we found that genes associated with anthocyanin production were most associated with the formation of blue infertile flowers throughout development. The anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway is the main metabolic pathway associated with flower color formation, and the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway appeared to have almost no contribution to flower color. There was no competition between the flavonoid and flavonol and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways for their substrate. At FSF1, the key genes CHS and CHI in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were up-regulated, underlying the accumulation of a substrate for anthocyanin synthesis. By FSF3, the downstream genes F3H, C3′5′H, CYP75B1, DFR, and ANS in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were almost all up-regulated, likely promoting the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins and inducing the color change of infertile flowers. By analyzing protein–protein interaction networks and co-expression of transcription factors as well as differentially expressed structural genes related to anthocyanin synthesis, we identified negatively regulated transcription factors such as WER-like, MYB114, and WDR68. Their site of action may be the key gene DFR in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. The potential regulatory mechanism of flower color formation may be that WER-like, MYB114, and WDR68 inhibit or promote the synthesis of anthocyanins by negatively regulating the expression of DFR. These results provide an important basis for studying the infertile flower color formation mechanism in H. macrophylla and the development of new cultivars with other colors.

scholarly journals Short note: Development, characterization and cross-amplification of eight EST-derived microsatellites in Salix

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 113-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. He ◽  
J. Zheng ◽  
M. Serapiglia ◽  
L. Smart ◽  
S. Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Sequence Tags ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Expressed Sequence ◽  
Simple Sequence

Abstract A set of eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed from 707 Salix expressed sequence tags (ESTs) deposited in GenBank. Each of the EST-SSR amplicons was identical to the original EST, with sequence identity 60.90-96.03% and presence of the expected repeat motifs. Of the eight EST-SSR loci, five were polymorphic among 14 individuals of S. eriocephala, with the number of alleles per locus (Na), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He) and polymorphic information content (PIC) being 2-7 (mean 4.8), 0.29-0.85 (mean 0.65), 0.25-0.84 (mean 0.65) and 0.21-0.78 (mean 0.58), respectively. High rates of crossspecies/ genus amplification were also observed within fourteen different species. The primer sequences for the eight EST-SSRs have been deposited in the Probe database of GenBank (IDs Pr031820546 - Pr031820553). The EST-SSRs developed herein would be a valuable addition of functional markers for genetics and breeding applications in a wide range of Salix species.

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