scholarly journals Antioxidants and the Integrity of Ocular Tissues

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela P. Cabrera ◽  
Ricardo H. Chihuailaf
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Ocular Tissues ◽  
Oxygen Derived Free Radicals ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Injury Causes

Oxygen-derived free radicals are normally generated in many pathways. These radicals can interact with various cellular components and induce cell injury. When free radicals exceed the antioxidant capacity, cell injury causes diverse pathologic changes in the organs. The imbalance between the generation of free radicals and antioxidant defence is known as oxidative stress. The eye can suffer the effect of oxidative damage due to the etiopathogenesis of some pathological changes related to oxidative stress. This paper reviews the role of oxidative stress in the onset and progression of damage in different eye structures, the involvement of the antioxidant network in protecting and maintaining the homeostasis of this organ, and the potential assessment methodologies used in research and in some cases in clinical practice.

scholarly journals The role of selenium in cardiology

Kardiologiia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
T. A. Kuropatkina ◽  
N. A. Medvedeva ◽  
O. S. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Injury ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
Selenium Status

Selenium is an important micronutrient that is essential for the functioning of the human body. Being a component of the active center of several antioxidant enzymes selenium prevents cell injury by free radicals. Decline in selenium-containing enzymes results in progression of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which are considered as possible causes for the development of many cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on mechanisms for prevention of myocardial and vascular injury through the adequate selenium supply to the body. The importance of monitoring and correction of the selenium status in appropriate patients is underlined.

Defective Ag-In-S/ZnS Quantum Dots: An Oxygen-derived Free Radicals Scavenger for Mitigating the Macrophage Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Gao ◽  
Jing Jing ◽  
Hengzhi Zhao ◽  
Yazhou Liu ◽  
Chunlei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Antioxidant Therapy ◽  
Oxygen Derived Free Radicals ◽  
Promising Strategy

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of inflammatory diseases including allergy, heart disease, diabetes and cancer. Nanomaterials-mediated antioxidant therapy is regarded as a promising strategy to treat...

The Regulatory Role of MiR-203 in Oxidative Stress induced Cell Injury Through the CBS/H2S Pathway

Nitric Oxide ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuyan Zhang ◽  
Zhuqing Shen ◽  
Yaqi Shen ◽  
Muye Ma ◽  
Hao Jue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Regulatory Role

Oxidative Stress in Critically Ill Patients

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caryl Goodyear-Bruch ◽  
Janet D. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Oxygen Free Radicals ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Oxygen Derived Free Radicals

Oxygen-derived free radicals play an important role in the development of disease in critically ill patients. Normally, oxygen free radicals are neutralized by antioxidants such as vitamin E or enzymes such as superoxide dismutase. However, in patients who require intensive care, oxygen free radicals become a problem when either a decrease in the removal or an overproduction of the radicals occurs. This oxidative stress and the damage due to it have been implicated in many diseases in critically ill patients. Many drugs and treatments now being investigated are directed toward preventing the damage from oxidative stress. The formation of reactive oxygen species, the damage caused by them, and the body’s defense system against them are reviewed. New interventions are described that may be used in critically ill patients to prevent or treat oxidative damage.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Levels in Orthodontic Patients and Efficacy of Antioxidant Supplements in Combating Its Effects- A Randomized Clinical Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Sheetal Yamyar ◽  
Suchita Daokar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Randomized Clinical Study ◽  
Gingival Health ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements ◽  
Group B

Introduction: Orthodontic appliances are considered to be biocompatible although adverse effects attributed to release of nickel ion which are free radicals in oral cavity. These free radical produce damages both in cellular and extracellular components phospholipid membrane, proteins, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA leading to Oxidative stress which is normally counter balanced by the action antioxidant mechanisms. However in higher concentrations of free radicals resulting in cellular death and apoptosis Orthodontic appliances such as brackets, wire, resins has considered as potential allergen leading to release of free radicals. The study was conducted to determine and compare the role of oxidative stress and role of antioxidants in saliva of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic appliances therapy at different time intervals. Materials & Method: A double-blinded, parallel, randomized clinical study was designed consisting of 40 healthy participants, aged 15-30yrs. The samples were divided into two groups Group A without antioxidants supplements and Group B with antioxidants supplements. Salivary MDA levels and gingival health index was recorded at different time intervals from each group. Salivary Lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde) level was estimated using Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method and gingival status was investigated using Silness & Loe gingival index. Intragroup and intergroup comparison was statistically analyzed using student’s paired T test. Result: Increased salivary MDA levels and mild to moderate amount of gingivitis is seen in both groups. This is more pronounced after 24 hours of appliance placement. Improvement in salivary MDA levels and gingival health status is observed during the course of treatment, In Group B the salivary MDA levels and gingival health index score reached below their pretreatment values. However even after a span of 3 months the levels remained higher to their base values in Group A. Conclusion: Improvement in salivary MDA levels and gingival health status is observed following antioxidant therapy during course of treatment, indicating combating nature of antioxidant supplements in orthodontic patients.

The Role of Free Radicals as Mediators of Endothelial Cell Injury in Hyperhomocysteinemia

1992 ◽  
Vol 161 (9) ◽  
pp. 561-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Clarke ◽  
E. Naughten ◽  
S. Cahalane ◽  
K. O. Sullivan ◽  
P. Mathias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Endothelial Cell Injury

The Role of Oxygen-Derived Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Cytokine-Induced Antiproliferation of Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Pancreas ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Thomas ◽  
Deborah L. Thomas ◽  
Joseph A. Knezetic ◽  
Thomas E. Adrian
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cells ◽  
Oxygen Derived Free Radicals

Temporal effect of alcohol consumption on reactivity of pial arterioles: role of oxygen radicals

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (3) ◽  
pp. H992-H1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Sun ◽  
William G. Mayhan
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Chronic Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Derived Free Radicals ◽  
Pial Arterioles ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Chronic alcohol consumption reduces nitric oxide synthase-dependent responses of pial arterioles via mechanisms that remain uncertain. In addition, the temporal effects of alcohol on pial arterioles is unclear. Thus our goals were to examine the role of oxygen-derived free radicals in alcohol-induced impairment of cerebrovascular reactivity and the temporal effect of alcohol on reactivity of pial arterioles. Sprague-Dawley rats were pair-fed a liquid diet with or without alcohol for 2–3 wk, 2–3 mo, or 5–6 mo. We measured the in vivo diameter of pial arterioles in response to nitric oxide synthase-dependent dilators acetylcholine and ADP and the nitric oxide synthase-independent dilator nitroglycerin. In nonalcohol-fed rats, acetylcholine (1.0 and 10 μM) and ADP (10 and 100 μM) produced dose-related dilatation of pial arterioles. Whereas there was no difference in reactivity of arterioles to the agonists in rats fed the nonalcohol and alcohol diets for a period of 2–3 wk, there was a significant impairment in reactivity of arterioles to acetylcholine and ADP, but not nitroglycerin, in rats fed the alcohol diet for longer durations. We then found that treatment with superoxide dismutase did not alter baseline diameter of pial arterioles in nonalcohol-fed or alcohol-fed rats, but significantly improved impaired nitric oxide synthase-dependent dilatation of pial arterioles in alcohol-fed rats. Thus our findings suggest a temporal relationship in the effects of alcohol on reactivity of pial arterioles and that impaired nitric oxide synthase-dependent cerebral vasodilatation during chronic alcohol consumption may be related, in part, to enhanced release of oxygen-derived free radicals.

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