Defective Ag-In-S/ZnS Quantum Dots: An Oxygen-derived Free Radicals Scavenger for Mitigating the Macrophage Inflammation

Author(s):  
Na Gao ◽  
Jing Jing ◽  
Hengzhi Zhao ◽  
Yazhou Liu ◽  
Chunlei Yang ◽  
...  

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of inflammatory diseases including allergy, heart disease, diabetes and cancer. Nanomaterials-mediated antioxidant therapy is regarded as a promising strategy to treat...

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caryl Goodyear-Bruch ◽  
Janet D. Pierce

Oxygen-derived free radicals play an important role in the development of disease in critically ill patients. Normally, oxygen free radicals are neutralized by antioxidants such as vitamin E or enzymes such as superoxide dismutase. However, in patients who require intensive care, oxygen free radicals become a problem when either a decrease in the removal or an overproduction of the radicals occurs. This oxidative stress and the damage due to it have been implicated in many diseases in critically ill patients. Many drugs and treatments now being investigated are directed toward preventing the damage from oxidative stress. The formation of reactive oxygen species, the damage caused by them, and the body’s defense system against them are reviewed. New interventions are described that may be used in critically ill patients to prevent or treat oxidative damage.


2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela P. Cabrera ◽  
Ricardo H. Chihuailaf

Oxygen-derived free radicals are normally generated in many pathways. These radicals can interact with various cellular components and induce cell injury. When free radicals exceed the antioxidant capacity, cell injury causes diverse pathologic changes in the organs. The imbalance between the generation of free radicals and antioxidant defence is known as oxidative stress. The eye can suffer the effect of oxidative damage due to the etiopathogenesis of some pathological changes related to oxidative stress. This paper reviews the role of oxidative stress in the onset and progression of damage in different eye structures, the involvement of the antioxidant network in protecting and maintaining the homeostasis of this organ, and the potential assessment methodologies used in research and in some cases in clinical practice.


Jurnal Medali ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Annisa Gustiasti Arumsadu ◽  
Niluh Ringga Woroprobosari ◽  
Rina Kartika Sari ◽  
Rochman Mujayanto

Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world after heart disease. One type of cancer, namely head and neck cancer, can be treated with head and neck radiotherapy. Continuous radiotherapy will cause an increase in oxidative stress and free radicals and damage to the oral mucosa, one of which is oral mucositis. Giving ozone water can help reduce the degree of oral mucositis in patients. Ozone water itself has several beneficial effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of ozone water in reducing the severity of oral mucositis in patients after head and neck radiotherapy.Method: Gargling treatment using ozone water in a ratio of 2:3 for 1 minute with 4 repetitions for 2 weeks showed a significant reduction in pain. Ozone used in gas or liquid form for more than 5 minutes has the potential to cause side effects on the duration of inflammation and for gas can cause infection in the respiratory tract.Conclusion: The conclusion of this review is that the administration of ozone water with a concentration of 2-4 ppm for approximately 5 minutes has the potential to cure oral mucositis due to head and neck radiotherapy


2002 ◽  
Vol 103 (s2002) ◽  
pp. 176S-178S ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan KAEHLER ◽  
Bjoern SILL ◽  
Ralf KOESTER ◽  
Clemens MITTMANN ◽  
Hans-Dieter ORZECHOWSKI ◽  
...  

A dysregulated metabolism of oxygen-derived free radicals, nitric oxide and endothelin-1(ET-1) in conditions such as hypercholesterolaemia or hypertension may promote the development of atherosclerosis. We therefore subjected cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells and coronary artery smooth muscle cells to oxidative stress induced by xanthine oxidase or hydrogen peroxide and observed alterations in ET-1 metabolism. Incubation with oxygen-derived free radicals increased preproET-1 promoter activity, ET-1 mRNA synthesis and big ET-1 concentrations in both cell types. This interaction of oxidative stress and ET-1 expression may be relevant in atherogenic conditions such as hypercholesterolaemia and hypertension since our data indicate that oxidative stress further aggravates the injurious effects attributed to ET-1.


RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (35) ◽  
pp. 27540-27557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharti Badhani ◽  
Neha Sharma ◽  
Rita Kakkar

Oxidative stress, a result of an overproduction and accumulation of free radicals, is the leading cause of several degenerative diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, ageing and inflammatory diseases.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henoch W. Burhan ◽  
Yanti M. Mewo ◽  
Youla A. Assa

Abstract: Free radicals are the products of normal cellular metabolism containing one or more unpaired electrons, which makes them highly reactive and can cause cell damage and disruption of homeostasis. Depletion of antioxidants and/or accumulation of free radicals can cause oxidative stress which plays a role in the process of various diseases such as inflammatory diseases, cancer, hemochromatosis, emphysema, hypertension and aging. C-phycocyanin is one of the main groups in phycobiliprotein and widely found in spirulina. The purpose of this study was to determine the protective effect of C-phycocyanin against free radicals. This research is in the form of literature review by searching data using two databases namely Pubmed and Google Scholar. The keywords used are C-Phycocyanin Antioxidant Effect. After being selected based on inclusion and exclusion, 10 literature was obtained for review. C-phycocyanin content in spirulina as an antioxidant can function as a defense mechanism against free radicals. In conclusion: the C-phycocyanin content from spirulina has antioxidant effect.Keywords: C-Phycocyanin, antioxidant effect, free radical   Abstrak: Radikal bebas merupakan produk normal hasil metabolisme berupa molekul dengan satu atau lebih elektron yang tidak berpasangan, sehingga bersifat sangat reaktif dan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan sel dan terganggunya homeostasis. Deplesi dari antioksidan dan/atau akumulasi radikal bebas dapat menyebabkan stres oksidatif yang berperan dalam proses terjadinya berbagai penyakit seperti penyakit inflamasi, kanker, hemokromatosis, emfismea, hipertensi dan proses penuaan. C-fikosianin merupakan salah satu gugus utama dalam fikobiliprotein yang larut dalam air dan banyak terdapat dalam spirulina. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek proteksi C-fikosianin terhadap radikal bebas. Penelitian ini berbentuk literature review dengan pencarian data menggunakan dua database yaitu Pubmed dan Google Scholar. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu C-Phycocyanin Antioxidant Effect. Setelah diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, didapatkan 10 literatur untuk di review. Kandungan C-fikosianin pada spirulina sebagai antioksidan bisa berfungsi sebagai mekanisme pertahanan terhadap radikal bebas. Sebagai simpulan, kandungan C-Fikosianin dalam spirulina memiliki efek antioksidanKata kunci: C-fikosianin, efek antioksidan, radikal bebas


Author(s):  
N. Svyrydova

During the last decade of medical practice, the issue of integrated treatment of ischemic heart and brain damage is actively discussed, therefore the attention of scientists is increasingly of interest in the creation of potentially new models of treatment in the acute period of illness. Many researchers today actively pursue various pharmacological modulations with a complex of pathogenetically validated effects of various isoforms that are involved in the development of stroke, myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, tumor growth, inflammatory diseases, heart failure and hypertrophy of the myocardium. In recent years, progress in treatment tactics has been achieved in studies that affect oxidative stress, which leads to irreversible effects of damage to the gray and white matter of the brain, which entails swelling and massive cell death, and therefore justifies the use of antioxidant therapy. The concept of the use of antioxidants in the early stages of the disease demonstrates promising direction and requires further study in various pathological conditions, since the potential for treatment effectiveness is quite high. The use of antioxidant therapy aimed at preventing or reducing oxidative stress has become widely used in the field of prevention and treatment of acute and chronic conditions, where the use of drugs with a pliotropic effect is of strategic importance. To study the evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of ethyl methylhydroxypyridine succinate recently, cytological studies of the effect of glutamate stress on cerebellum cells have been performed and it has been shown that the drug affects the increase in neuronal survival (p <0.05), where the focus is on pharmacotherapy of the combination of neuroprotective treatment of cerebrovascular pathology.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-257
Author(s):  
Nurul Fatimah ◽  
◽  
Reksi Sundu

Free radicals and reactive species are widely believed to contribute to the development of several diseases by causing oxidative stress and eventually oxidative. Vernonia amygdalina (Astereacea) is a small shrub or tree between 1 and 5m high growing throughout tropical Africa. Plants are generally known as bitter leaves is well cultivated and is a general market for merchandise in several countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of hexane fraction from ethanol extract od Frican leaves (Vernonia amygdalina Del.). The method used in this study was the DPPH (1,1-Diphenil-2-Picrylhydrazyl) method. The result of phytochemical screening showed that ethanolic extract of African leaves contained a composition of secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids and saponins. The antioxidant activity of the extract of n-hexane fraction was classified as very weak with an IC50 value of 317.98 ppm.


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 2610-2619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarique Hussain ◽  
Ghulam Murtaza ◽  
Huansheng Yang ◽  
Muhammad S. Kalhoro ◽  
Dildar H. Kalhoro

Background: Inflammation is a complex response of the host defense system to different internal and external stimuli. It is believed that persistent inflammation may lead to chronic inflammatory diseases such as, inflammatory bowel disease, neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress is the main factor responsible for the augmentation of inflammation via various molecular pathways. Therefore, alleviating oxidative stress is effective a therapeutic option against chronic inflammatory diseases. Methods: This review article extends the knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoids targeting inflammatory pathways in chronic diseases, which would be the best approach for the development of suitable therapeutic agents against chronic diseases. Results: Since the inflammatory response is initiated by numerous signaling molecules like NF-κB, MAPK, and Arachidonic acid pathways, their encountering function can be evaluated with the activation of Nrf2 pathway, a promising approach to inhibit/prevent chronic inflammatory diseases by flavonoids. Over the last few decades, flavonoids drew much attention as a potent alternative therapeutic agent. Recent clinical evidence has shown significant impacts of flavonoids on chronic diseases in different in-vivo and in-vitro models. Conclusion: Flavonoid compounds can interact with chronic inflammatory diseases at the cellular level and modulate the response of protein pathways. A promising approach is needed to overlook suitable alternative compounds providing more therapeutic efficacy and exerting fewer side effects than commercially available antiinflammatory drugs.


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