scholarly journals Microbial Degradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminants: An Overview

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilanjana Das ◽  
Preethy Chandran
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Complete Mineralization

One of the major environmental problems today is hydrocarbon contamination resulting from the activities related to the petrochemical industry. Accidental releases of petroleum products are of particular concern in the environment. Hydrocarbon components have been known to belong to the family of carcinogens and neurotoxic organic pollutants. Currently accepted disposal methods of incineration or burial insecure landfills can become prohibitively expensive when amounts of contaminants are large. Mechanical and chemical methods generally used to remove hydrocarbons from contaminated sites have limited effectiveness and can be expensive. Bioremediation is the promising technology for the treatment of these contaminated sites since it is cost-effective and will lead to complete mineralization. Bioremediation functions basically on biodegradation, which may refer to complete mineralization of organic contaminants into carbon dioxide, water, inorganic compounds, and cell protein or transformation of complex organic contaminants to other simpler organic compounds by biological agents like microorganisms. Many indigenous microorganisms in water and soil are capable of degrading hydrocarbon contaminants. This paper presents an updated overview of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation by microorganisms under different ecosystems.

scholarly journals Chemical and Physical Analysis of a Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination on a Soil Sample to Determine Its Natural Degradation Feasibility

Inventions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Karuna Arjoon ◽  
James G. Speight
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Oil Composition

Crude oil is the world’s leading fuel source and is the lifeblood of the industrialized nations as it is vital to produce many everyday essentials. This dependency on fossil fuels has resulted in serious environmental issues in recent times. Petroleum contaminated soils must be treated to ensure that human health and the environment remain protected. The restoration of petroleum-polluted soil is a complex project because once petroleum hydrocarbon enters the environment, the individual constituents will partition to various environmental compartments in accordance with their own physical–chemical properties; therefore, the composition and inherent biodegradability of the petroleum hydrocarbon pollutant determines the suitability of a remediation approach. The objective of this study was to assess the prospective of bioremediation as a feasible technique for practical application to the treatment of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, by trending the changes in the properties of the petroleum due to biodegradation. Each polluted soil has particularities, thus, the bioremediation approach for each contaminated site is unique. Therefore, hydrocarbon-contaminated sites that have remained polluted for decades due to lack of proper decontamination treatments present in this part of the world would benefit from cost effective treatments. Most bioremediation case studies are usually based on hypothetical assumptions rather than technical or experimental data; providing data that show the capabilities of biodegradation of indigenous microbes on specific oil composition can lead to the creation of strategies to accelerate the biological breakdown of hydrocarbons in soil.

Assessing spatial distribution and joint uncertainty of TPH-fractions: Indicator kriging and sequential indicator simulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-563
Author(s):  
Carol Luca ◽  
Bing C Si ◽  
Richard E Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Indicator Kriging ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Sequential Indicator Simulation ◽  
Maximum Probability ◽  
Dependent Case ◽  
Indicator Simulation ◽  
Independent Case

Petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) contamination is one of the most common contaminants in soils and remediation of PHC-contaminated sites requires methods for characterizing the spatial distribution of PHC on a site. Few studies have compared the performance of indicator kriging (IK) and sequential indicator simulation (SIS) in site characterization of petroleum-contaminated sites, or the application of these methods given the fraction based guidelines. The objectives of this study were to determine if IK and SIS indicate similar contaminated areas and to examine how the probability of exceeding thresholds changes when multiple fractions are considered simultaneously. An abandoned refinery near Kamsack, Saskatchewan, characterized by clay-textured soils was sampled and analyzed for PHC fractions (F2 and F3). The probability of a location exceeding a fraction’s remediation criteria was determined using IK and SIS. Based on critical probability thresholds, IK indicated a greater area was contaminated by F2 (6.3%) and F3 (0.8%) than SIS (4.5 and 0.6%, respectively). When the remediation criteria for both F2 and F3 were considered simultaneously, “dependent” and “independent” cases were examined. The dependent case assumed perfect correlation and used the maximum probability of either F2 or F3 as the new estimate. The independent case assumed no correlation and evaluated the probability of F2 > 2500 mg kg–1 or F3 > 6600 mg kg–1. The dependent case resulted in a smaller contaminated area than the independent case in both IK and SIS. On this site the differences between the two methods were small, although IK did smooth the distribution. Key words: Sequential indicator simulation, indicator kriging, geostatics, petroleum hydrocarbon contamination, uncertainty

Solidification–stabilization of organic and inorganic contaminants using portland cement: a literature review

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santanu Paria ◽  
Pak K Yuet
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Inorganic Contaminants ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Organophilic Clay

The treatment of hazardous wastes using cement-based solidification–stabilization (S–S) is of increasing importance as an option for remediating contaminated sites. Indeed, among the various treatment techniques, S–S is one of the most widely used methods for treating inorganic wastes. To enhance the application of S–S and to further develop this technology for site remediation, particularly for organic contaminants, it is important to have a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the process. The primary objective of this review is to survey the current knowledge in this subject, focusing on (i) cement chemistry, (ii) the effects of inorganic (heavy metals) and organic compounds on cement hydration, and (iii) the mechanisms of immobilization of different organic and inorganic compounds. For heavy metals, cement-based S–S technology has been shown to be effective in immobilizing the contaminants, even without any additives. In applying cement-based S–S for treating organic contaminants, the use of adsorbents such as organophilic clay and activated carbon, either as a pretreatment or as additives in the cement mix, can improve contaminant immobilization in the solidified–stabilized wastes. The concept of degradative solidification–stabilization, which combines chemical degradation with conventional solidification–stabilization, seems promising, although further study is required to assess its technical and economic feasibility.Key words: cement, contaminated soil, immobilization, organics, precipitation, adsorption.

scholarly journals Insights on Mycoremediation of Contaminated Soil with Kerosene

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (SUP 1) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Suman Sasmita Dash ◽  
Jyotsna Gawai ◽  
Rishi Dewangan ◽  
Sudhanshu Singh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Complete Mineralization

Bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil is inexpensive and involves complete mineralization of organic contaminants to simple organic compounds, carbon dioxide, water and other inorganic compounds by the action of biological agents, according to their metabolic capacities.

Monitoring of Petroleum-Related Environmental Contamination Using Fluorescence Fingerprinting

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Literathy ◽  
M. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Aromatic Components ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Petroleum and its refined products are considered the most complex contaminants frequently impacting the environment in significant quantities. They have heterogeneous chemical composition and alterations occur during environmental weathering. No single analytical method exists to characterize the petroleum-related environmental contamination. For monitoring, the analytical approaches include gravimetric, spectrometric and chromatographic methods having significant differences in their selectivity, sensitivity and cost-effectiveness. Recording fluorescence fingerprints of the cyclohexane extracts of the water, suspended solids, sediment or soil samples and applying appropriate statistical evaluation (e.g. by correlating the concatenated emission spectra of the fingerprints of the samples with arbitrary standards (e.g. petroleum products)), provides a powerful, cost-effective analytical tool for characterization of the type of oil pollution and detecting the most harmful aromatic components of the petroleum contaminated matrix. For monitoring purposes, the level of the contamination can be expressed as the equivalent concentration of an appropriate characteristic standard, based on the fluorescence intensities at the relevant characteristic wavelengths. These procedures are demonstrated in the monitoring of petroleum-related pollution in the water and suspended sediment in the Danube river basin

scholarly journals Characterization of microbial response to petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in a lacustrine ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio D’Ugo ◽  
Milena Bruno ◽  
Arghya Mukherjee ◽  
Dhrubajyoti Chattopadhyay ◽  
Roberto Giuseppetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Microbial Response ◽  
Pollution Event ◽  
Hydrocarbonoclastic Potential

AbstractMicrobiomes of freshwater basins intended for human use remain poorly studied, with very little known about the microbial response to in situ oil spills. Lake Pertusillo is an artificial freshwater reservoir in Basilicata, Italy, and serves as the primary source of drinking water for more than one and a half million people in the region. Notably, it is located in close proximity to one of the largest oil extraction plants in Europe. The lake suffered a major oil spill in 2017, where approximately 400 tons of crude oil spilled into the lake; importantly, the pollution event provided a rare opportunity to study how the lacustrine microbiome responds to petroleum hydrocarbon contamination. Water samples were collected from Lake Pertusillo 10 months prior to and 3 months after the accident. The presence of hydrocarbons was verified and the taxonomic and functional aspects of the lake microbiome were assessed. The analysis revealed specialized successional patterns of lake microbial communities that were potentially capable of degrading complex, recalcitrant hydrocarbons, including aromatic, chloroaromatic, nitroaromatic, and sulfur containing aromatic hydrocarbons. Our findings indicated that changes in the freshwater microbial community were associated with the oil pollution event, where microbial patterns identified in the lacustrine microbiome 3 months after the oil spill were representative of its hydrocarbonoclastic potential and may serve as effective proxies for lacustrine oil pollution.

Strategies for Promoting the Use of Concrete Pavements in Tanzania: Technical and Institutional Considerations

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
D.A. Mfinanga ◽  
H. Bwire
Keyword(s):  
Road Construction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
The Road ◽  
Competing Demands ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Economic Developments

High-type roads in Tanzania have been predominantly of asphaltic concrete construction. This ever enlarging and ageing asphaltic road network represents increasing resource requirements on the road agency in the form of maintenance. Limited resources coupled with the ever sky-rocketing costs of petroleum products and the competing demands of social economic developments, presupposes the need to look for alternative road construction technology that is more cost-effective and resource optimising. Experience gained from developed and some developing countries where concrete pavements have been widely used suggests the potential of this type of pavement in many developingcountries. This paper discusses the technical aspects of design and construction- and maintenance-related aspects of concrete pavements. The discussion extends further to highlight issues pertaining to the performance of concrete pavements and strategies for promoting the use of concrete pavements in Tanzania. Conclusions and recommendationsare made with suggestions on how to start implementing the proposed strategies.

scholarly journals The diversity of fungi consortium isolated from polluted soil for degrading petroleum hydrocarbon

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
RIRYN NOVIANTY ◽  
ANNISA HIDAYAH ◽  
SARYONO SARYONO ◽  
AMIR AWALUDDIN ◽  
NOVA WAHYU PRATIWI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Terrestrial Environments

Abstract. Novianty R, Saryono, Awaluddin A, Pratiwi NW, Hidayah A, Juliantari E. 2021. The diversity of fungi consortium isolated from polluted soil for degrading petroleum hydrocarbon. Biodiversitas 22: 5077-5084. One of the major problems in the petroleum industry nowadays is crude oil spills. Riau Province, Sumatra is one of the largest oil producers in Indonesia. Accidental releases of petroleum products are of particular concern to the environment. The process of drilling and refining petroleum generates a large amount of oil sludge. One of the effective technologies used in the waste degradation process is bioremediation using certain microorganisms. The prime objective of the current research was to evaluate the efficiency of fungi consortiums in crude oil degradation in Bumi Siak Pusako-Pertamina Hulu, Indonesia. There are three potential fungi isolates as petroleum hydrocarbon degradation agents with four consortium variations. The parameter values of Optical Density (OD), pH, and diluted CO2 were measured on 0, 4, 8, and 16 days. To evaluate the fungal biodegradation activity using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The result showed that consortium II (KF II) has the highest potential to degrade petroleum hydrocarbon (50.61%). The visual GC-MS examination confirmed a decrease in the peak area for eight hydrocarbon compounds, indicating the efficiency of the fungi in the oil decomposition and dismantling of hydrocarbons. Our findings may provide new information on native fungal resources from chronically contaminated terrestrial environments, and will be useful for petroleum-contaminated bioremediation and other industrial applications.  

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