High Frequency Base Materials: Laser-Material Interaction for HDI/ICP Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 000277-000292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Ryder ◽  
Geoffrey Lott ◽  
Ruolin Chen ◽  
Nicolas Falletto
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Laser Material ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Practical Guidelines

Abstract High frequency (HF) applications are nothing new. Nor are the multitudes of materials and processes in electronics dedicated to such applications. But with the rising applications and production volumes associated with 5G, IoT (Internet of Things), autonomous driving, and the like, a whole new emphasis is needed to characterize expected base material performance in terms of its processability. Laser-based manufacturing, and in particular laser via drilling, plays a large role in the interconnect and packaging concepts needed for the typically miniaturized design rules, but given the diversity of materials and laser types that can potentially be employed, some clear results-driven guidelines would be beneficial to manufacturers looking to optimize a cost/quality/throughput balance. In this paper we explore laser-based via drilling applications with base materials intended for use in high frequency end applications. There are several HF base material sets employed in HDI (High Density Interconnect)/ICP (Integrated Circuit Packaging) manufacturing, each with their own range of bandwidth and applicable dielectric constant. However, agnostic of the particular material application specifications, the aim of this analysis is to explore potential manufacturing benefits and/or trade-offs for diverse laser/material interactions, while focusing on via-drilling for the HDI and ICP industries in particular. Benefits and trade-offs are characterized by practical and quantifiable elements, precisely: throughput (vias per second), quality (roundness, burr, dimensional integrity, etc). In combination with various laser types, in particular UV (nanosecond), CO2 (microsecond) and green (femtosecond) wavelengths, we analyze the fundamental interaction with materials common to high frequency applications, namely LCP (Liquid Crystal Polymer), PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene), HF FR4, and PI (Polyimide) in an effort to attain practical guidelines for quality and manufacturability. Thus, evidence is provided to potentially increase manufacturing yield with a typically cost-inhibitive material set. Given the, as yet, novel usage of such materials for broadband HDI/ICP applications, this work aims to explore new or re-affirmed baselines suitable to the existing production landscape. Given the broad scope of potential DoE parameters, this work focuses on target via size (75um) applicable to multiple industrial applications, including but not exclusive to, handheld communications, automotive and IoT. Furthermore, the materials is clad with a 12um Cu foil to offer insight into ablation capabilities of each laser type. As a test vehicle default, the vias are drilled in a standard BGA (Ball Grid Array) grid with a pitch of 0.6mm. The results of this work offer-a scored matrix breakdown of our predetermined criteria (throughput, quality) to the laser-material subset analyzed. Given the non-exhaustive nature of this study, the conclusions do not aim to resolve laser-material dilemmas for all forms and factors of high frequency applications and material configurations, but rather offer conclusive evidence that a) high-frequency materials typically require special attention when processing with laser, b) not every laser type works at the same rate of efficiency and efficacy for each of the chosen HF materials and c) a cost/quality balance can be sought by cross referencing results from various laser sources for the intended application.

scholarly journals Kajian Eksperimental Koefisien Redaman Akustik Bahan Pelapis Plat Dek Kapal

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Wibowo Harso Nugroho ◽  
Nanang J.H. Purnomo ◽  
Hardi Zen ◽  
Andi Rahmadiansah
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Specimen Material ◽  
Ship Classification ◽  
Technical Assessment

With the increasingly strict requirements of the ship classification bureau for permissible noise limits to allow passengers and crew to be more comfortable and secure a technical assessment is required to address the characteristics of the noise. A noise beyond the standard allowed in the vessel can be a problem to the ship operators. This noise problem will greatly affects the crews' comfort and passengers. One method to reduce the noise on a ship is to use sound insulation. This paper describes the method for determining the absorption coefficient α and the transmission loss (TL) through an acoustic test of a concrete insulation in the laboratory. The test was conducted by using the method of impedance tube where a speciment response measured by a microphone. In general, the properties of this insulation material remains as the main base material which is concrete. it has been found that the transmission loss value (TL) is in the range of 10 - 50 dB whereas for the base material the concrete is around 22 - 49 dB but the absorption coefficient α of the specimen material is much higher than the material of the base material especially in high frequency, which ranges from 0.15 to 0.97, whereas for concrete base materials have absorbent coefficient α ranges from 0.01 to 0.02.

Activating Precursors for Brazing Processes that Deposit Two Layers through Melting

2019 ◽  
Vol 1153 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Emilia Florina Binchiciu ◽  
Ionelia Voiculescu ◽  
Victor Geantă ◽  
Nicușor Alin Sîrbu ◽  
Ion Aurel Perianu
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Ferrous Alloys ◽  
Base Materials

We present the manufacturing process, by melting in a controlled environment, of specific alloys that have a benefic effect on the diffusion phenomena’s in the base material of the addition coated rods for brazing. The friable precursors obtained by melting are grinded with the purpose of integrating them in the coat of the rods, namely the addition material. The metallurgic activation activity of the precursors is enhanced by using them as nano-powders in the coat of the rods.Of major importance for deep joint capillary brazing are the fluidity and superficial tension of the melt - addition material, or, in case of non-ferrous alloys, the degree of de-oxidation of base materials. In order to improve the above mentioned characteristics, we made precursors type: 5o% Cu-45% Sn-5% P (CIF); 92% Cu-2% Si 6% P- (RAV). The batch design was done by two distinct melting processes, in high frequency currents (CIF) and electric arc (RAV) in a controlled environment. The melts were cast in graphite forms as loose briquettes. The briquettes thus obtained were analyzed structurally and sclerometrically, and after testing, they were grinded in planetary mills until we obtained nano-powders. The resulting powders will be used, as required, to prepare brazing sheaths.

High Frequency Trading of Commodities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond P. H. Fishe
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Equity Markets ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
High Frequency Trading ◽  
Market Quality ◽  
Market Makers ◽  
Speed Advantage ◽  
Open Outcry ◽  
Derivative Markets

Electronic platforms and high frequency traders (HFTs) have changed the nature of trading. Like equity markets, commodity markets have experienced an influx of algorithmic traders and a decline in “pit” or open outcry trading. Regulatory efforts to understand the effects of HFTs and to offer prudent guidelines or new rules are in their infancy. An overall hesitancy exists because academic studies have produced diverse results on liquidity, volatility, and market quality. This survey focuses on high frequency trading research in commodity derivative markets, documenting basic results and extracting inferences when warranted. Evidence indicates that HFTs act as market makers and their speed advantage has lowered transaction costs, generally during normal markets. Although not entirely conclusive, evidence also suggests that HFTs may exacerbate volatility by withdrawing liquidity in times of market stress, such as during “flash” crashes.

Deposition of YSZ Layer by PS-PVD on Different Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Marek Góral ◽  
Tadeusz Kubaszek ◽  
Marek Poręba ◽  
Małgorzata Wierzbińska
Keyword(s):  
Vapour Deposition ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Ceramic Layer ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Powder Feed Rate ◽  
Plasma Energy ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Typical Process

Plasma Spray Physical Vapour Deposition (PS-PVD) method was designed for production of ceramic layer on nickel superalloys. In typical process before deposition the base material is heated by plasma up to 900 °C. In present article the yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was deposited on low melting point materials: 2017A-type aluminium alloy and Cu-ETP copper. The influence of power current, process time and powder feed rate on structure and thickness of obtained coatings was analysed. During first deposition process the overheating of Al-sample was observed and as result the power current was decreased to 1600 A. In the next experimental the approx. 5 mm thick dense coating was formed. During experimental processes of YSZ deposition on copper the thickness of coating increased from approx. 5 to 22 mm. The copper-oxide layer was formed under ceramic layer. The microscopic assessment showed the difficulties in formation of columnar ceramic layer on use base materials. The obtained coating was characterized by dense structure as a result of lower plasma energy during process. The increasing of power current is not possible in the case of overheating of base material.

scholarly journals Design and Development of a 3dB Quadrature Patch Hybrid Coupler

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.6) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
B Sekharbabu ◽  
K Narsimha Reddy ◽  
S Sreenu
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Coupling Factor ◽  
Power Combiners ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Structure Simulation ◽  
Hybrid Coupler ◽  
Port Device ◽  
Circuit Technology

In this paper a -3 dB, 90-degreephase shift RF quadrature patch hybrid coupler is designed to operate at 2.4GHz. Hybrid coupler is a four-port device, that’s accustomed split a signaling with a resultant 90degrees’ section shift between output signals whereas maintaining high isolation between the output ports. The RF quadrature patch hybrid coupler is used in various radio frequency applications including mixers, power combiners, dividers, modulators and amplifiers. The desired hybrid coupler is designed using FR-4 substrate with 1.6mm height in High Frequency Structure Simulation (HFSS) and the same is fabricated and tested. The designed Hybrid coupler is examined in terms of parameters like insertion Loss, coupling factor and return Loss. The simulation and measurement results are compared. Major advantages of the RF quadrature patch hybrid couplers are that they are compatible with integrated circuit technology.

scholarly journals Advancing the Ultra High Frequency RFID in Industrial Applications: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Tracy Aleong ◽  
Kit Fai Pun
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Ultra High Frequency ◽  
The Past

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology transmits data wirelessly and falls under the broad classification of Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC). The advances in RFID technology continue to be accepted worldwide for various tracking and monitoring type applications. This paper reviews the principle of RFID system operation using an extensive search of relevant articles from technology management and related journals, over the past two decades. It explores 1) the RFID tags operating in the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band, 2) analyses some of the major advancements of this technology in the field of sensor tagging solutions in the past two decades, and 3) discusses industry-based applications utilising UHF RFID sensor tagging solutions for process measurement data acquisition. The main challenges identified are privacy and security concerns on their applications in industry. The paper contributes to amalgamating a list of UHF RFID industry-based applications. It is expected that the findings from this review exercise would shed light on critical areas of the UHF RFID Technology.

scholarly journals Enhancement of the Tensile and the Compression Properties for Heat- Cured Acrylic Resin Denture Base Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-454
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Polymethyl Methacrylate ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Compression Properties ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

This work aims to investigate the tensile and compression strengths of heat- cured acrylic resin denture base material by adding styrene-butadiene (S- B) to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The most well- known issue in prosthodontic practice is fracture of a denture base. All samples were a blend of (90%, 80%) PMMA and (10%, 20%) S- B powder melted in Oxolane (Tetra hydro furan). These samples were chopped down into specimens of dimensions 100x10x2.5mm to carry out the requirements of tensile tests. The compression strength test specimens were shaped into a cylinder with dimensions of 12.7mm in diameter and 20mm in length. The experimental results show a significant increase in both tensile and compression strengths when compared to control (standard) results for the preparation material.

scholarly journals Prediction Model of Elastic Modulus for Granular Road Bases

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. p35
Author(s):  
Zainab Ahmed Alkaissi ◽  
Hassan Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Vertical Loading ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Granular Base ◽  
Road Bases

The estimation of elastic modulus for road bases is the primary objective of this research which is implemented a significant role in transmitting the vertical loading to the pavement foundation layers. In this study, the effect of weathering conditions on the stiffness of base course is investigated and implied the durability test by subjecting the prepared samples to a different numbers of wet-dry cycles (0,2, 4, 6, 8 and 10). A conventional base materials of local natural gravel aggregate and treated base materials with recycled concrete aggregate RCA at different percentages (0%, 25%, 50% 75% and 100%) is adopted in this research. The elastic characteristics are estimated in terms of elastic modulus. Elastic modulus are estimated by passing the ultrasonic pulse velocity through the untreated and treated base materials laboratory specimens. This test can be used to study the elastic modulus properties of base materials. A multiple linear regression analysis is used for prediction the elastic modulus using the SPSS (software ver.21). Elastic Modulus (kPa) is the dependent variable whereas the independent variable are; No. of wet- dry cycle and Percent (%) of RCA stabilizer. The obtained results for elastic modulus (Es) of granular base material layer showed increasing in elastic modulus with percentage of RCA%., results revealed that the (Es) values reached a maximum value of (6927kPa) for 100%. For the OMC’s values increases due to the percentage increment of RCA in granular base material mixture, this increment in water contents is refer to high absorption capacity of the paste clinging to the RCA. On other side the dry density decrease gradually with adding percentage of (RCA) in granular base material mixture.

Influence of the base material on the mechanical behaviors of polycrystal-like meta-crystals

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150004
Author(s):  
J. Lertthanasarn ◽  
C. Liu ◽  
M.-S. Pham
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Yield Behavior ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Lattice Materials ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

Architected lattice metamaterials offer extraordinary specific strength and stiffness that can be tailored through the architecture. Meta-crystals mimic crystalline strengthening features in crystalline alloys to obtain high strength and improved post-yield stability of lattice materials. This study investigates synergistic effects of the base material’s intrinsic crystalline microstructure and architected polycrystal-like architecture on the mechanical behavior of architected metamaterials. Four different polygrain-like meta-crystals were fabricated from 316L, Inconel 718 (IN718) and Ti6Al4V via laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). While the elastic modulus of the meta-crystals did not vary significantly with the base material or the number of meta-grains, the strength of the meta-crystals showed strong increasing correlation with reducing the size of meta-grains. The differences between meta-crystals made by the three alloys were the most substantial in the post-yield behavior, where the 316L meta-crystals were the most stable while Ti6Al4V meta-crystals were the most erratic. The differences in the post-yield behavior were attributed to the base material’s ductility and intrinsic work-hardening. For all base materials, increasing the number of meta-grains improved the post-yield stability of meta-crystals. The tolerance to the processing defects also differed with the base material. Detrimental defects such as the high surface roughness on the downskin of the struts or the large, irregularly shaped pores near the surface of the struts led to early strut fracture in Ti6Al4V meta-crystals. In contrast, ductile IN718 was able to tolerate such defects, enabling the most significant synergistic strengthening across lengthscales to achieve architected materials of low relative density, but with a very high strength and an excellent energy absorption.

Improving the Design of Energy-Efficient Building Retrofitting

2018 ◽  
pp. 165-185
Author(s):  
Mari Aino Hukkalainen ◽  
Krzysztof Klobut ◽  
Tarja Mäkeläinen ◽  
Vanda Dimitriou ◽  
Dariusz Leszczyński
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
User Preference ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Energy Simulations

Practical guidelines are presented for improved process for design and retrofitting of energy-efficient buildings, with an aim to integrate buildings better with the neighbourhood energy system, among others through energy matching. The chapter describes the role of energy simulations in an integrated building retrofitting process and how to select technologies for the retrofitting toward nearly zero energy building level. Feasibility of performing a holistic analysis of retrofitting options can be increased through the integration of BIM, well populated, and linked databases and a multi-criteria decision-making approach. Multiple-criteria decision-making methods aid taking into account a number of building energy performance and user-preference-related criteria and the trade-offs between the different criteria for each retrofitting option. The real-life viewpoints and benefits of utilising the developed methods and processes are discussed, especially from the Eastern European view.

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