A High Temp standalone 4MByte Flash memory with SPI Interface for 210C applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (HITEC) ◽  
pp. 000066-000071
Author(s):  
Wade VonBergen ◽  
Madhu Basude
Keyword(s):  
Flash Memory ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Cell Array ◽  
Flash Storage ◽  
High Level ◽  
Spi Interface

This paper covers the internal architecture, testability & performance characterization of Texas Instruments ™ High-Temp 210C 4MByte standalone Flash storage device. It will be available in a 14-pin ceramic dual Flat pack package as well as a Known Good Die (KGD) option. The device is manufactured in TI's 180nm 1.8V flash process with 3.3V IOs. The design implements 8 banks of flash organized into 2M × 16 bits surrounded by a SPI controller. The SPI controller interfaces asynchronously with an internal flash controller. The flash controller is clocked by FCLK, and controls the flash charge pump to access & operate the flash to program, read, erase, validate etc. The SPI controller is responsible for translating and executing the high level SPI protocol commands to the internal flash controller & its registers. A simple and flexible protocol was developed to access the flash array via the SPI supporting various commands and configuration capabilities. Testability of critical parameters for reliable 210C flash operation is ensured with the implementation of an internal test port accessible through a parallel interface (for TI Internal use only). The test port, and a SPI initiated BIST controller are used to provide full & comprehensive characterization of the flash bit cell array, as well as the flash-pump across temperature & frequencies. The form factor, size, and pin out of this flash device is primarily focused on data logging for narrow & space limited extreme harsh environments such as the down-hole drilling industry.

scholarly journals A Crash Recovery Scheme for a Hybrid Mapping FTL in NAND Flash Storage Devices

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Jong-Hyeok Park ◽  
Dong-Joo Park ◽  
Tae-Sun Chung ◽  
Sang-Won Lee
Keyword(s):  
Flash Memory ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Nand Flash ◽  
Hybrid Mapping ◽  
Flash Storage ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Recovery Scheme ◽  
Crash Recovery

An FTL (flash translation layer), which most flash storage devices are equipped with, needs to guarantee the consistency of modified metadata from a sudden power failure. This crash recovery scheme significantly affects the writing performance of a flash storage device during its normal operation, as well as its reliability and recovery performance; therefore, it is desirable to make the crash recovery scheme efficient. Despite the practical importance of a crash recovery scheme in an FTL, few works exist that deal with the crash recovery issue in FTL in a comprehensive manner. This study proposed a novel crash recovery scheme called FastCheck for a hybrid mapping FTL called Fully Associative Sector Translation (FAST). FastCheck can efficiently secure the newly generated address-mapping information using periodic checkpoints, and at the same time, leverages the characteristics of an FAST FTL, where the log blocks in a log area are used in a round-robin way. Thus, it provides two major advantages over the existing FTL recovery schemes: one is having a low logging overhead during normal operations in the FTL and the other to have a fast recovery time in an environment where the log provisioning rate is relatively high, e.g., over 20%, and the flash memory capacity is very large, e.g., 32 GB or 64 GB.

scholarly journals A Novel B-Tree Index with Cascade Memory Nodes for Improving Sequential Write Performance on Flash Storage Devices

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Bo-Kyeong Kim ◽  
Gun-Woo Kim ◽  
Dong-Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Flash Memory ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Index Structure ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Nand Flash ◽  
Solid State Drives ◽  
Flash Storage ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
B Trees ◽  
Tree Index

Flash storage devices such as solid-state drives and multimedia cards have been widely used in various applications because of their fast access speed, low power consumption, and high reliability. They consist of NAND flash memories that perform slow block erasures before overwriting data on a prewritten page. This characteristic can lead to performance degradation when applying the original B-tree on the flash storage device without any changes. Although various B-trees have been proposed for flash memory, they still require many flash operations that degrade overall performance. To address the problem, we propose a novel B-tree index structure that reduces the number of write operations and improves the sequential writes by employing cascade memory nodes. The proposed B-tree index structure delays the updates for the modified B-tree nodes and later performs batch writes in a cascade manner. Also, when records with continuous key values are sequentially inserted, the proposed B-tree index structure does not split the leaf node so that it improves write throughput and page utilization. Through mathematical analysis and experimental results, we show that the proposed B-tree index structure always yields better performance than existing techniques.

scholarly journals Diversity of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] Landraces in Mozambique: New Opportunities for Crop Improvement and Future Breeding Programs

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Figueira Gomes ◽  
David Draper ◽  
Nascimento Nhantumbo ◽  
Rafael Massinga ◽  
José C. Ramalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
High Level ◽  
Nutrition Sensitive

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is a neglected crop native to Africa, with an outstanding potential to contribute to the major challenges in food and nutrition security, as well as in agricultural sustainability. Two major issues regarding cowpea research have been highlighted in recent years—the establishment of core collections and the characterization of landraces—as crucial to the implementation of environmentally resilient and nutrition-sensitive production systems. In this work, we have collected, mapped, and characterized the morphological attributes of 61 cowpea genotypes, from 10 landraces spanning across six agro-ecological zones and three provinces in Mozambique. Our results reveal that local landraces retain a high level of morphological diversity without a specific geographical pattern, suggesting the existence of gene flow. Nevertheless, accessions from one landrace, i.e., Maringué, seem to be the most promising in terms of yield and nutrition-related parameters, and could therefore be integrated into the ongoing conservation and breeding efforts in the region towards the production of elite varieties of cowpea.

Characterization of Random Telegraph Noise Generated by Process- and Cycling-Stress-Induced Traps in 26 nm NAND Flash Memory

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (4S) ◽  
pp. 04CA07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bong-Su Jo ◽  
Ho-Jung Kang ◽  
Sung-Min Joe ◽  
Min-Kyu Jeong ◽  
Kyung-Rok Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flash Memory ◽  
Nand Flash ◽  
Nand Flash Memory ◽  
Random Telegraph Noise ◽  
Telegraph Noise

scholarly journals Host Range of Streptomycete Strains Causing Common Scab

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 901-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Goyer ◽  
Carole Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Common Scab ◽  
Genetic Cluster ◽  
Dna Relatedness ◽  
Physiological Characterization ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
High Level

Ten Streptomyces isolates from common scab lesions on carrots (Daucus carota) were characterized. Morphological and physiological characterization of the carrot isolates established that they were closely related to S. scabies. DNA-DNA hybridization studies were carried out between DNA from the carrot isolates and DNA from two potato strains belonging to the two genetic clusters of S. scabies. Most of the carrot isolates exhibited a high level of DNA relatedness (average of 90%) to strain EF-54, which belongs to genetic cluster 1 of S. scabies. Three carrot isolates could not be included in either S. scabies genetic cluster 1 or 2. The pathogenicity of six S. scabies isolates from potato or carrot, two isolates of S. caviscabies, and one isolate of S. acidiscabies was determined on potato, carrot, radish, beet, turnip, and parsnip. All S. scabies isolates were pathogenic on carrot and radish, but pathogenicity on beet, parsnip, turnip, and potato was variable. Even though S. acidiscabies and S. caviscabies until now have been isolated only from potato, we demonstrated that isolates of these species also could infect other crops, such as radish, carrot, parsnip, and turnip.

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