Heterogeneous integration of a miniaturized W-band radar module

For radar applications, the W-band frequency range (75 – 110 GHz) is a good candidate for high-resolution distance measurement and remote detection of small or hidden objects in distances of 10 cm to ≫ 20 m. As electromagnetic waves in this frequency range can easily penetrate rough atmosphere like fog, smoke or dust, W-band radars are perfectly suited for automotive, aviation, industrial and security applications. Additional benefit is that atmosphere has an absorption minimum at 94 GHz, so relative small output power is sufficient to achieve long range coverage. By combining and enhancing knowledge from the disciplines of heterogeneous integration technology and compound semiconductor-technology, the Fraunhofer Institutes IAF, IPA and IZM developed a miniaturized and low cost 94 GHz radar module. Result of this approach is a highly miniaturized radar module built using a modular approach. The radar components are mounted on a dedicated RF-NF-hybrid PCB while the signal processing is done on a separate board stacked below. This hybrid RF-module is combined with highly integrated digital processing PCB via micro connectors in a way that the radar system and an adapted conical HDPE-lens fit into an aluminum housing of 42×80×27 mm3 with a weight of only 160 grams for the whole module. The paper will describe the technological basis for such a frequency modulated continuous wave [FMCW] W-band radar module and describe in detail the technological features that enabled the assembly of such a miniaturized but high-performance system. The module yields an evaluated distance measurement accuracy of 5 ppm (5 μm deviation per meter target distance) while its low weight and small dimensions pave the way for a variety of new applications, including mobile operation.

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Downconverting Module Architectures for High Performance Multipixel Cameras

International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology ◽

10.1155/2013/586158 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Diego Palombini ◽

Maciej Jankowski ◽

Ernesto Limiti

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Local Oscillator ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Frequency Multiplication ◽

Band Frequency ◽

System Architectures ◽

Sky Surveys ◽

And Performance ◽

Scanning Systems ◽

Speed And Accuracy

Multipixel cameras represent an emerging topology for arrays receivers, improving speed and accuracy of both security scanning systems and radioastronomical sky surveys by means of a matrix of phased elements. Difficulties in the generation and proper distribution to each pixel of the local oscillator signal still limit their use to frequency ranges below a few GHz or at least seriously affect the complexity of the implementable cameras. This work presents a full comparison between two possible system architectures, alternatively based on LO frequency multiplication or subharmonic mixing strategies, aiming to overcome the aforesaid limitations: design and performance of two compact test vehicles in MMIC technology, both operating in the Q-band frequency range with ultrabroadband IF section, are reported.

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Optical frequency-interleaving full-duplex multichannel transmission of W-band frequency-modulated continuous-wave downlink signal and 10-Gb/s on-off-keying uplink signal

2015 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP) ◽

10.1109/mwp.2015.7356687 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Toshiaki Kiri ◽

Atushi Kanno ◽

Tetsuya Kawanishi

Keyword(s):

Continuous Wave ◽

Full Duplex ◽

Optical Frequency ◽

Band Frequency ◽

Multichannel Transmission ◽

W Band ◽

Downlink Signal

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A 94 GHz EPR Spectrometer with Fabry-Perot Resonator

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ◽

10.1515/zna-1985-0211 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 169-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

E. Haindl ◽

K. Möbius

Keyword(s):

Microwave Frequency ◽

Superconducting Magnet ◽

Phase Lock Loop ◽

Microwave Resonator ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Band Frequency ◽

Phase Lock ◽

W Band ◽

Fabry Perot ◽

Band Spectra

An EPR spectrometer is described working in the 94 GHz (W-band) frequency range. It comprises a Fabry-Perot type microwave resonator connected to a conventional microwave bridge, a phase lock loop for microwave frequency stabilization, and a superconducting magnet. The improved separation of W-band spectra from two sites with only slightly different g-factors is demonstrated using an α-bromo radical in an X-irradiated 5-bromodeoxyuridine single crystal as example.

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A 34 to 36 GHz Vector Modulator for Reflected Power Canceller Techniques in LFMCW Radar

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.40-41.283 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40-41 ◽

pp. 283-286

Author(s):

Min Zhang ◽

Jun Xu ◽

Xin Kai Cheng

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Model ◽

Theoretical Analysis ◽

Millimeter Wave ◽

High Performance ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Low Cost ◽

Wave Radar ◽

Vital Component ◽

Vector Modulator ◽

Reflected Power

In this paper, a 34 to 36 GHz vector modulator for using in low cost and high performance RPC (Reflected Power Canceller) is presented. The key circuit consists of two push-pull (bi-phase) attenuators arranged in phase quadrature and a 3dB quadrature coupler (branch line couplers but not Lange couplers which is different from traditional circuits in Ka band) and a Wilkinson combiner, and then transition from micro-strip to waveguide using antipodal finline. To fully exploit this circuit’s capacity to generate accurate constellations at millimeter-wave frequencies, a generalized theoretical analysis of the (push-pull) vector modulator is presented. Based on the theoretical model and the measured results, the I-Q (push-pull) vector modulator promises to be a vital component for the realization of reflected power canceller in LFMCW (Linear Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) radar.

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Micromachined W-Band Waveguide Duplexer Design Based on MEMS Technology

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.562-565.1098 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 562-565 ◽

pp. 1098-1102

Author(s):

Hui Liang Liu ◽

Chen Xu Zhao ◽

Ling Li ◽

Ze Wen Liu

Keyword(s):

Insertion Loss ◽

High Performance ◽

Return Loss ◽

Low Cost ◽

Digital Signal ◽

Fabrication Process ◽

Production Program ◽

W Band ◽

Mems Technology ◽

Rf Performance

This paper presents a novel high performance W-band MEMS duplexer for digital signal transceiver applications. The design of duplexer filters follows the insertion loss method with a Chebyshev polynomial to meet the desired spectral responses. The insertion loss and return loss of the optimized duplexer are -0.3dB and -18dB respectively, while the isolation between two pass bands is -55dB. A micro-fabrication process is designed based on MEMS technology. The deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) is used for high-aspect-ratio filter cavity mold structure. Micro-electroforming, plastic embossing, and electroplating techniques are used for low-cost and high-precision mass production program for the duplexer. Fabrication error tolerance is analyzed and it is reasonable to control the shift of frequency and return loss in the range of 0.05GHz and 2dB respectively with the designed fabrication process based on MEMS technology. It proves that the proposed micromachining fabrication technique is suitable for high performance W-band waveguide filter and duplexer design in terms of stability of RF performance.

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Non-destructive microwave detection of layer thickness in degraded thermal barrier coatings using K- and W-band frequency range

NDT & E International ◽

10.1016/j.ndteint.2009.01.003 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

pp. 398-403 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

M. Sayar ◽

D. Seo ◽

K. Ogawa

Keyword(s):

Layer Thickness ◽

Thermal Barrier Coatings ◽

Thermal Barrier ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Band Frequency ◽

Barrier Coatings ◽

Microwave Detection ◽

W Band ◽

Non Destructive

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Educational Low-Cost C-Band FMCW Radar System Comprising Commercial Off-the-Shelf Components for Indoor Through-Wall Object Detection

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10222758 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (22) ◽

pp. 2758

Author(s):

Hyunmin Jeong ◽

Sangkil Kim

Keyword(s):

Continuous Wave ◽

Low Cost ◽

Low Noise ◽

Radar System ◽

Indoor Environments ◽

Voltage Controlled Oscillator ◽

Band Frequency ◽

Fmcw Radar ◽

Sensing Applications ◽

Commercial Off The Shelf

This paper presents an educational low-cost C-band frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar system for use in indoor through-wall metal detection. Indoor remote-sensing applications, such as through-wall detection and positioning, are essential for the comprehensive realization of the internet of things or super-connected societies. The proposed system comprises a two-stage radio-frequency power amplifier, a voltage-controlled oscillator, circuits for frequency modulation and system synchronization, a mixer, a 3-dB power divider, a low-noise amplifier, and two cylindrical horn antennas (Tx/Rx antennas). The antenna yields gain values in the 6.8~7.8 range when operating in the 5.83~5.94 GHz frequency band. The backscattered Tx signal is sampled at 4.5 kHz using the Arduino UNO analog-to-digital converter. Thereafter, the sampled signal is transferred to the MATLAB platform and analyzed using a customized FMCW radar algorithm. The proposed system is built using commercial off-the-shelf components, and it can detect targets within a 56.3 m radius in indoor environments. In this study, the system could successfully detect targets through a 4 cm-thick ply board with a measurement accuracy of less than 10 cm.

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