Obesity rates in renal stone formers from various countries

Objective: To collect evidence on the rate of obesity in renal stone formers (RSFs) living in different climatic areas and consuming different diets. Materials and methods: Data of adult renal stone formers were retrospectively collected by members of U-merge from 13 participant centers in Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria (2), China, India, Iraq (2), Italy (2), Nigeria, Pakistan and Poland. The following data were collected: age, gender, weight, height, stone analysis and procedure of stone removal. Results: In total, 1689 renal stone formers (1032 males, 657 females) from 10 countries were considered. Average age was 48 (±14) years, male to female ratio was 1.57 (M/F 1032/657), the average body mass index (BMI) was 26.5 (±4.8) kg/m2. The obesity rates of RSFs in different countries were significantly different from each other. The highest rates were observed in Pakistan (50%), Iraq (32%), and Brazil (32%), while the lowest rates were observed in China (2%), Nigeria (3%) and Italy (10%). Intermediate rates were observed in Argentina (17%), Bulgaria (17%), India (15%) and Poland (22%). The age-adjusted obesity rate of RSFs was higher than the age-adjusted obesity rate in the general population in Brazil, India, and Pakistan, whereas it was lower in Argentina, Bulgaria, China, Italy, and Nigeria, and similar in Iraq and Poland. Conclusions: The age-adjusted obesity rate of RSFs was not higher than the age-adjusted obesity rate of the general population in most countries. The relationship between obesity and the risk of kidney stone formation should be reconsidered by further studies carried out in different populations.

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Abnormal Erythrocyte and Renal Frusemide-Sensitive Sodium Transport in Idiopathic Calcium Nephrolithiasis

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0860239 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 239-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Bruno Baggio ◽

Giovanni Gambaro ◽

Francesco Marchini ◽

Massimo Vincenti ◽

Giulio Ceolotto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Renal Stone ◽

Stone Formation ◽

Fractional Excretion ◽

Cation Transport ◽

Anion Transport ◽

Kinetic Properties ◽

Distal Nephron ◽

Stone Formers ◽

Na Efflux

1. Anomalous transmembrane anion transport has been observed in erythrocytes of patients with idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis. 2. To verify whether cation transport is also abnormal, we investigated the frusemide-sensitive Na+ efflux from Na+-loaded erythrocytes and the natriuretic response to acute intravenous frusemide administration in calcium oxalate renal stone formers. 3. Frusemide administration induced a statistically significant smaller increase in the fractional excretion of Na+ in patients than in control subjects. Abnormal kinetic properties of erythrocyte Na+-K+-2Cl− co-transport were observed in approximately 60% of stone formers. The Km for Na+ of Na+-K+-2Cl− co-transport correlated with urinary Ca2+ excretion. 4. The abnormal kinetic properties of Na+-K+-2Cl− co-transport may be relevant for stone formation, hampering renal Ca2+ reabsorption in the distal nephron and determining critical physicochemical conditions for calcium/oxalate crystallization.

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Accidental childhood poisoning in Paediatrics department of a tertiary care facility: A retrospective review

Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics ◽

10.4314/njp.v47i3.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

Author(s):

D.C. Obu ◽

M.C. Orji ◽

U.V. Muoneke ◽

U.V. Asiegbu ◽

G.O. Ezegbe

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Care Facility ◽

Accidental Poisoning ◽

Female Ratio ◽

The Public ◽

Tertiary Care Facility ◽

Childhood Poisoning ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship ◽

Male To Female

Background: Accidental childhood poisoning is a recognized preventable cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. This studywas aimed at determining the prevalence, pattern, and outcome of childhood poisoning among children in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. Material and Methods: Medical records of all cases of accidental childhood poisoning admitted into Children’s emergency room (CHER) of the health facility of study between January 2014 and December 2018 were retrospectively identified and relevant data extracted and analyzed usingSPSS version 22. Results: Out of the 7,700 children that presented to CHER over a 5- year period, 42 were cases of poisoning, giving prevalence rate of 0.5%. Of the 42 cases, only 20 case notes were retrieved. The male to female ratio was 2.3:1 while the ages ranged between 6months and 14 years with the mean age of 3.06±2.88. Kerosene poisoning had the highest proportion of 50.0% (10/20) with the overall mortality rate of 5.0% (1/20).The relationship between age, place of residence and outcome in poisoned children was statistically significant (p = 0.038, 0.045 respectively). Conclusion: Accidental childhood poisoning is common in Abakaliki. Kerosene still remained the major agent while male toddlers were most vulnerable. There is need to intensify enlightenment campaigns and education of the public about the hazard of improper storage of kerosene and other implicated substances at home. Keywords: Accidental poisoning, Childhood, Kerosene

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Dietary treatment of urinary risk factors for renal stone formation. A review of CLU Working Group

Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia ◽

10.4081/aiua.2015.2.105 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

pp. 105 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Domenico Prezioso ◽

Pasquale Strazzullo ◽

Tullio Lotti ◽

Giampaolo Bianchi ◽

Loris Borghi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Urinary Excretion ◽

Renal Stone ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

Stone Formation ◽

Urinary Stone ◽

Fruit And Vegetables ◽

Calcium Excretion ◽

Urinary Oxalate ◽

Stone Formers

Objective: Diet interventions may reduce the risk of urinary stone formation and its recurrence, but there is no conclusive consensus in the literature regarding the effectiveness of dietary interventions and recommendations about specific diets for patients with urinary calculi. The aim of this study was to review the studies reporting the effects of different dietary interventions for the modification of urinary risk factors in patients with urinary stone disease. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of the Pubmed database literature up to July 1, 2014 for studies on dietary treatment of urinary risk factors for urinary stone formation was conducted according to a methodology developed a priori. Studies were screened by titles and abstracts for eligibility. Data were extracted using a standardized form and the quality of evidence was assessed. Results: Evidence from the selected studies were used to form evidencebased guideline statements. In the absence of sufficient evidence, additional statements were developed as expert opinions. Conclusions: General measures: Each patient with nephrolithiasis should undertake appropriate evaluation according to the knowledge of the calculus composition. Regardless of the underlying cause of the stone disease, a mainstay of conservative management is the forced increase in fluid intake to achieve a daily urine output of 2 liters. Hypercalciuria: Dietary calcium restriction is not recommended for stone formers with nephrolithiasis. Diets with a calcium content ≥ 1 g/day (and low protein-low sodium) could be protective against the risk of stone formation in hypercalciuric stone forming adults. Moderate dietary salt restriction is useful in limiting urinary calcium excretion and thus may be helpful for primary and secondary prevention of nephrolithiasis. A low-normal protein intake decrease calciuria and could be useful in stone prevention and preservation of bone mass. Omega-3 fatty acids and bran of different origin decreases calciuria, but their impact on the urinary stone risk profile is uncertain. Sports beverage do not affect the urinary stone risk profile. Hyperoxaluria: A diet low in oxalate and/or a calcium intake normal to high (800-1200 mg/day for adults) reduce the urinary excretion of oxalate, conversely a diet rich in oxalates and/or a diet low in calcium increase urinary oxalate. A restriction in protein intake may reduce the urinary excretion of oxalate although a vegetarian diet may lead to an increase in urinary oxalate. Adding bran to a diet low in oxalate cancels its effect of reducing urinary oxalate. Conversely, the addition of supplements of fruit and vegetables to a mixed diet does not involve an increased excretion of oxalate in the urine. The intake of pyridoxine reduces the excretion of oxalate. Hyperuricosuria: In patients with renal calcium stones the decrease of the urinary excretion of uric acid after restriction of dietary protein and purine is suggested although not clearly demonstrated. Hypocitraturia: The administration of alkaline-citrates salts is recommended for the medical treatment of renal stone-formers with hypocitraturia, although compliance to this treatment is limited by gastrointestinal side effects and costs. Increased intake of fruit and vegetables (excluding those with high oxalate content) increases citrate excretion and involves a significant protection against the risk of stone formation. Citrus (lemons, oranges, grapefruit, and lime) and non citrus fruits (melon) are natural sources of dietary citrate, and several studies have shown the potential of these fruits and/or their juices in raising urine citrate levels. Children: There are enought basis to advice an adequate fluid intake also in children. Moderate dietary salt restriction and implementation of potassium intake are useful in limiting urinary calcium excretion whereas dietary calcium restriction is not recommended for children with nephrolithiasis. It seems reasonable to advice a balanced consumption of fruit and vegetables and a low consumption of chocolate and cola according to general nutritional guidelines, although no studies have assessed in pediatric stone formers the effect of fruit and vegetables supplementation on urinary citrate and the effects of chocolate and cola restriction on urinary oxalate in pediatric stone formers. Despite the low level of scientific evidence, a low-protein (< 20 g/day) low-salt (< 2 g/day) diet with high hydration (> 3 liters/day) is strongly advised in children with cystinuria. Elderly: In older patients dietary counseling for renal stone prevention has to consider some particular aspects of aging. A restriction of sodium intake in association with a higher intake of potassium, magnesium and citrate is advisable in order to reduce urinary risk factors for stone formation but also to prevent the loss of bone mass and the incidence of hypertension, although more hemodynamic sensitivity to sodium intake and decreased renal function of the elderly have to be considered. A diet rich in calcium (1200 mg/day) is useful to maintain skeletal wellness and to prevent kidney stones although an higher supplementation could involve an increase of risk for both the formation of kidney stones and cardiovascular diseases. A lower content of animal protein in association to an higher intake of plant products decrease the acid load and the excretion of uric acid has no particular contraindications in the elderly patients, although overall nutritional status has to be preserved.

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Quality of life of tinnitus patients with and without hearing loss

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20205616 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Oluyomi S. Ayodele ◽

Segun Segun-Busari Segun-Busari ◽

Kayodele H. Omokanye ◽

David A. Dunmade ◽

Emmanuel F. Ologe

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Hearing Loss ◽

Pure Tone Audiometry ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Age Range ◽

The Relationship ◽

Male To Female ◽

Significant Health ◽

Moderate Hearing Loss

Background: Tinnitus is a common, irritating and often disturbing symptom. It poses big challenge to the patients’ management and affects their quality of life (QoL). Tinnitus is one of the most common otological symptoms associated with hearing loss. The aim of the study was to determine the quality of life of adult tinnitus patients and the effect presence of hearing loss has on the quality of life.Methods: All consenting adults presenting with tinnitus with or without associated hearing loss were recruited. Sociodemographic information, clinical assessment, pure tone audiometry (PTA) and QoL assessment with Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) were carried out. The data collected were analysed and results were presented in tables and simple chart. Results: The age range of participants was between 18 and 80 years with a mean age of 51.94 years±17.41. Male to female ratio was 1:1.4. The relationship between tinnitus and associated hearing loss was statistically significant with moderate hearing loss found as commonest. Sensorineural hearing loss was the commonest type found. Tinnitus was mostly described as a big problem. The relationship between the TFI scores and presence of hearing loss as well as degree of hearing loss was statistically significant.Conclusions: Tinnitus has a significant health burden which tends to increase with co-existing hearing loss. PTA assessment and measurement of QoL should be advocated as routine for tinnitus patients no matter the cause of tinnitus and also especially among those with self-professed normal hearing.

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Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Shenzhen, China, 2015–2018

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-50173-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jian Tao ◽

Weimin Zhang ◽

Huakui Yue ◽

Guohun Zhu ◽

Wenyuan Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

General Population ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Age Groups ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Single Mutation ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Control Evaluation ◽

Male To Female

Abstract China has nearly 10% of the general HBV carrier population in the world; this infection is the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Understanding HBV epidemiology is essential for future infection control, evaluation, and treatment. This study determined the prevalence of HBV infection in Shenzhen by serological testing and analysis in 282,166 HBV screening cases for the following: HBcAb, indicative of previous HBV infection; HBsAg, indicative of chronic (current) infection; HBsAb, indicative of immunity from vaccination; and 34,368 HBV etiological screening cases for HBV-DNA, indicative of virus carriage, in which 1,204 cases were genotyped and mutation analyzed for drug-resistance evaluation. Shenzhen was a highly endemic area of HBV throughout the study period (prevalence 9.69%). HBV infections were almost entirely in the 20 and older age groups with a male-to-female ratio of 1.16:1 which is approximately the same as the male-to-female ratio of the general population in China. However, only 71.25% of the general population retained HBV immune protection. Genotype B and C were identified as the most common agents; recombinant B/C and B/D also existed; some cases, however, could not be genotyped. NAs resistant mutation occurrence patterns were multitudinous; single mutation patterns of rtM204I/V and rtL180M occurrences accounted for majority, followed by the combinational mutation pattern L180M + M204I/V. Drug-resistance was prevalent, mainly occurring in the cross resistance patterns LAM + LdT and LAM + LdT + ETV, and significantly more critical in males. These results demonstrate that all people free from HBV infection should obtain injections of the vaccine or booster shots, and conventional virologic detection in a clinical laboratory center should incorporate genotype and mutation alongside the serological factors for etiology and develop better classification methods, such as sequencing.

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Homicide associated with psychotic illness: What global temporal trends tell us about the association between mental illness and violence

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/00048674211067164 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000486742110671

Author(s):

Alexander IF Simpson ◽

Stephanie R Penney ◽

Roland M Jones

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

General Population ◽

Total Population ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Psychotic Illness ◽

Longitudinal Investigation ◽

Different Populations ◽

Time Periods ◽

The Relationship

Available evidence suggests that persons with serious forms of mental illness are 4–10 times more likely to commit homicide as compared to non-affected members of the general population. The relationship between homicide and psychotic illness has now been subject to longitudinal investigation in six different populations across eight studies covering time periods over the last six decades. With the exception of one study, these investigations demonstrate that homicide associated with psychotic illness appears relatively stable through time and, in most populations, is not related to factors that contribute to the rise and fall of total population homicide (TPH) rates. This suggests that illness and treatment factors are of most importance if we are to reduce the prevalence of this tragic illness complication.

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On the fecundity and sex-ratio of Botia Dario (Hamilton) (Cypriniformes : Cobitidae)

University Journal of Zoology Rajshahi University ◽

10.3329/ujzru.v26i0.693 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 27-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M Afzal Hussain ◽

Mst Rehana Khatun ◽

M Altaf Hossain

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Standard Length ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Ovary Weight ◽

Total Length ◽

Length Standard ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship ◽

Male To Female

A total of 1183 Botia Dario (Hamilton) samples were collected from Rajshahi (Shaheb Bazar, Binodpur Bazar, Talaimari Bazar, Kazla Bazar and Godagari) during the period from January, 2002 to August, 2003 to study the fecundity, sex-ratio, relationship between fecundity and total length, standard length, body weight, ovary length as well as ovary weight. The mean fecundity was calculated as 31833.50±10313.42 with a range of 5245 to 53754 in fishes ranging in total length from 96 mm to 135 mm (mean 115.50±12.11 mm) and in body weight from 14.51 g to 43.29 g (mean 29.71±6.91 g). The relationship between the fecundity (F) and total length (TL), standard length (SL), body weight (BW), ovary length (OL) and ovary weight (OW) were found to be linear with the r values 0.94, 0.94, 0.95, 0.92 and 0.98, respectively. The ovum diameter ranged from 0.3 to 0.72 mm and the mean diameter was calculated as 0.518±0.06 mm. The male to female ratio was 1:0.61. Key words: Botia dario, fecundity, sex-ratio. Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 26, 2007. pp. 27-29

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Patients with Recurrent Renal Stones Have a Physico-Chemically Altered Urinary Tamm-Horsfall Glycoprotein Profile

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/000456329603300609 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 540-544 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A Jefferson ◽

T M Reynolds ◽

A Elves ◽

A S Wierzbicki

Keyword(s):

Renal Stone ◽

Stone Formation ◽

Renal Stones ◽

Band Pattern ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Laboratory Staff ◽

Calcium Stone ◽

Stone Formers ◽

Fresh Urine

We describe an immunoblotting method for examining the electrophoretic properties of urinary Tamm-Horsfall protein. Using this method we tested frozen urine samples from a group of 37 thoroughly investigated recurrent idiopathic renal calcium stone formers and compared this with fresh urine from 19 non-stone forming laboratory staff. We found that there was a statistically significant different pattern of Tamm-Horsfall protein bands in the two sets of urines, with stone formers tending to have two bands and non-stone formers tending to have three bands. This could have been due to storage artefact and therefore a further group of 13 fresh urines from unselected renal stone formers was tested. A smaller proportion of these cases showed the two-band pattern, possibly because not all of this group were idiopathic calcium stone formers. This suggests that but does not prove that there is no significant storage artefact and that there may be an in vivo effect causing stone formation.

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OBSERVATION OF SERUM PARATHYROID HORMONE AND SERUM IONISED CALCIUM IN PATIENTS OF RENAL STONE

10.36106/ijsr/6132576 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Sanjeev Kumar ◽

Vishwa Prakash Jha ◽

N. K. Mishra ◽

Debarshi Jana

Keyword(s):

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Serum Calcium ◽

Calcium Level ◽

Renal Stone ◽

Stone Formation ◽

Life Time ◽

Metabolic Factors ◽

Serum Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Stone Formers ◽

Ionised Calcium

Background: The life time prevalence of renal stone is estimated to be between 1 to 15 %. Symptomatic renal calculi pose a serious health problem to the patients and increase economic burden worldwide. The aim of the study is to observe the level of serum parathyroid hormone and serum ionised calcium in patients with renal stones. Methods: A total of 50 patients with the diagnosis of renal stone who came to MMCH, Madhubani, were evaluated for serum parathyroid hormone and serum ionised calcium level. Results: Serum parathyroid hormone was raised above the normal range in 2 out of 50 patients and serum calcium level was elevated in 12 patients, while phosphate, sodium, potassium, creatinine and blood urea were higher than the normal. Most of the urinary parameters were similar to other studies stating that they play an important role in renal stone formation. Conclusions: Although the pathogenesis of renal stone is multifactorial, metabolic factors do play an important role in their formation in both groups of population; first time stone formers as well as recurrent stone formers. Parathyroid hormone level, along with other metabolic factors like serum calcium, phosphate, uric acid and others should be assessed to know the exact pathology. Besides identifying anomalies, the evaluation also helps in determining the choice of treatment.

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