scholarly journals Vocalization frequency as a prognostic marker of language development following early cochlear implantation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paris Binos ◽  
Elena Loizou
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
First Year ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Linguistic Performance ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Frequency Current ◽  
Implantation Success

Despite their potential significance for later linguistic outcomes, early aspects of vocalization had been seriously undervalued in the past, and thus, minimally investigated until relatively recently. The present article sets out to critically examine existing evidence to: i) ascertain whether vocalization frequency (volubility) posits a plausible marker of cochlear implantation success in infancy, and ii) determine the clinical usefulness of post-implementation vocalization frequency data in predicting later language development. Only recent peer-reviewed articles with substantial impact on vocalization growth during the first year of life, examining sound production characteristics of normally hearing (NH) and hearing impaired infants fitted with cochlear implantation (CI) were mentioned. Recorded differences in linguistic performance among NH and CI infants are typically attributed to auditory deprivation. Infants who have undergone late CI, produce fewer syllables (low volubility) and exhibit late-onset babbling, especially those who received their CIs at the age of 12 months or thereafter. Contrarily, early recipients (before the 12-month of age) exhibit higher volubility (more vocalizations), triggered from CI-initiated auditory feedback. In other words, early CI provides infants with early auditory access to speech sounds, leading to advanced forms of babbling and increased post-implementation vocalization frequency. Current findings suggest vocalization frequency as a plausible criterion of the success of early CI. It is argued that vocalization frequency predicts language development and affects habilitation therapy.

scholarly journals Young children with Noonan syndrome: evaluation of feeding problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 179 (11) ◽  
pp. 1683-1688
Author(s):  
Jos M. T. Draaisma ◽  
Joris Drossaers ◽  
Lenie van den Engel-Hoek ◽  
Erika Leenders ◽  
Joyce Geelen
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Noonan Syndrome ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Feeding Problems ◽  
Genetic Syndrome ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Noonan syndrome (NS) is a common genetic syndrome with a high variety in phenotype. Even though genetic testing is possible, NS is still a clinical diagnosis. Feeding problems are often present in infancy. We investigated the feeding status of 108 patients with clinically and genetically confirmed NS. Only patients with a documented feeding status before the age of 6 were included. A distinction was made between patients with early onset feeding problems (< 1 year) and children with late onset feeding problems (> 1 year). Seventy-one of 108 patients had feeding problems, of which 40 patients required tube feeding. Children with a genetic mutation other than PTPN11 and SOS1 had significantly more feeding problems in the first year. Fifty-two of all 108 patients experienced early onset feeding problems, of which 33 required tube feeding. A strong decrease in prevalence of feeding problems was found after the first year of life. Fifteen children developed feeding problems later in life, of which 7 required tube feeding. Conclusion: Feeding problems occur frequently in children with NS, especially in children with NS based on genetic mutations other than PTPN11 and SOS1. Feeding problems develop most often in infancy and decrease with age. What is Known:• Young children with Noonan syndrome may have transient feeding problems.• Most of them will need tube feeding. What is New:• This is the first study of feeding problems in patients with clinically and genetically proven Noonan syndrome.• Feeding problems most often develop in infancy and resolve between the age of 1 and 2.

Aging-related satellite cell differentiation defect occurs prematurely after Ski-induced muscle hypertrophy

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (4) ◽  
pp. C1228-C1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie B. P. Chargé ◽  
Andrew S. Brack ◽  
Simon M. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Early Event ◽  
First Year ◽  
Muscle Aging ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Differentiation Efficiency

To investigate the cause of skeletal muscle weakening during aging we examined the sequence of cellular changes in murine muscles. Satellite cells isolated from single muscle fibers terminally differentiate progressively less well with increasing age of donor. This change is detected before decline in satellite cell numbers and all histological changes examined here. In MSVski transgenic mice, which show type IIb fiber hypertrophy, initial muscle weakness is followed by muscle degeneration in the first year of life. This degeneration is accompanied by a spectrum of changes typical of normal muscle aging and a more marked decline in satellite cell differentiation efficiency. On a myoD-null genetic background, in which satellite cell differentiation is defective, the MSVski muscle phenotype is aggravated. This suggests that, on a wild-type genetic background, satellite cells are capable of repairing MSVski fibers and preserving muscle integrity in early life. We propose that decline in myogenic cell differentiation efficiency is an early event in aging-related loss of muscle function, both in normal aging and in some late-onset muscle degenerative conditions.

scholarly journals Parents should keep talking to boost infant language development

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
First Year ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Infant Language Development ◽  
Starting School ◽  
Infant Language ◽  
First Year Of Life

Children from low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds tend to have poorer language skills when starting school than those from higher SES backgrounds. Now, data shows that increasing the amount of “contingent talk”— whereby a caregiver talks about objects that an infant is directly focusing on — within an infant’s first year of life promotes a wide vocabulary later in infancy.

Drivers of walleye recruitment in Minnesota’s large lakes

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 1921-1933
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Honsey ◽  
Zachary S. Feiner ◽  
Gretchen J.A. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
First Year ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Inland Lakes ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Class Strength ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
First Year Of Life

Fish recruitment is complex and difficult to predict. Data-driven approaches show promise for predicting recruitment and understanding its drivers. We used a random forest model to infer relationships between year-class strength and 17 variables describing potential recruitment drivers across 30+ years of walleye (Sander vitreus) data from Minnesota’s nine largest inland lakes. Our model explained 20% of the variation in year-class strength overall, with predictive performance varying among lakes (–8% to 37% explained variance). Of the variables analyzed, degree-days during the first year of life and first winter severity were the most important for predicting recruitment, with relatively weak year classes predicted to occur with cold first growing seasons and severe first winters. Other thermal variables were secondarily important predictors of year-class strength. Predicted year-class strength was positively related to stock size and stocking and negatively related to the presence of invasive species; however, these variables were less important than thermal variables. Our results indicate that thermal conditions in early life can have a substantial impact on walleye recruitment and highlight the potential for differing recruitment drivers and dynamics among lakes.

scholarly journals Language Skills of Young Children with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate following Infant Orthopedics: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmy M. Konst ◽  
Toni Rietveld ◽  
Herman F. M. Peters ◽  
Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Infant Orthopedics

Objective To investigate the effects of infant orthopedics (IO) on the language skills of children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design In a prospective randomized clinical trial (Dutchcleft), two groups of children with complete UCLP were followed up longitudinally: one group was treated with IO based on a modified Zurich approach in the first year of life (IO group); the other group did not receive this treatment (non-IO group). At the ages of 2, 2½, 3, and 6 years, language development was evaluated in 12 children (six IO and six non-IO). Receptive language skills were assessed using the Reynell test. Expressive language skills of the toddlers were evaluated by calculating mean length of utterance (MLU) and mean length of longest utterances (MLLU); in the 6-year-olds, the expressive language skills were measured using standardized Dutch language tests. Patients The participants had complete UCLP without soft tissue bands or other malformations. Results IO did not affect the receptive language skills. However, the expressive language measures MLU and MLLU were influenced by IO. At age 2½ and 3 years, the IO group produced longer utterances than the non-IO group. In the follow-up, the difference in expressive language between the two groups was no longer significant. Conclusions Children treated with IO during their first year of life produced longer sentences than non-IO children at the ages of 2½ and 3 years. At 6 years of age, both groups presented similar expressive language skills. Hence, IO treatment did not have long-lasting effects on language development.

Role of tactile receptor structures of the tongue in speech sound production of infants of the first year of life

1999 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Z. V. Lyubimova ◽  
G. Zh. Sisengalieva ◽  
N. Yu. Chulkova ◽  
O. I. Smykova ◽  
S. V. Selin
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
First Year ◽  
Tactile Receptor ◽  
First Year Of Life

Infant Cochlear Implantation and Anesthetic Risk

2002 ◽  
Vol 111 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 49-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy M. Young
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
First Year ◽  
Elective Surgical Procedures ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anesthetic Risk ◽  
Anesthetic Complications ◽  
First Year Of Life

In light of the strong trends toward performing cochlear implantation in infants, it is necessary to consider anesthetic issues. Just as anesthetic risk may play an important role in surgical candidacy in the elderly population, anesthesia is also of special consideration in infants. Even healthy infants are known to be at increased risk for anesthetic complications; for this reason, most elective surgical procedures are not routinely done within the first year of life. Therefore, it is necessary to consider anesthetic issues when contemplating the use of cochlear implants in infants less than 12 months of age.

Language Development in the First Year of Life

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. e56-e62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dani Levine ◽  
Kristina Strother-Garcia ◽  
Roberta Michnick Golinkoff ◽  
Kathy Hirsh-Pasek
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Vocal turn-taking in a non-human primate is learned during ontogeny

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1807) ◽  
pp. 20150069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia P. Chow ◽  
Jude F. Mitchell ◽  
Cory T. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Language Evolution ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
First Year ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Common Marmosets ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Vocal Interactions

Conversational turn-taking is an integral part of language development, as it reflects a confluence of social factors that mitigate communication. Humans coordinate the timing of speech based on the behaviour of another speaker, a behaviour that is learned during infancy. While adults in several primate species engage in vocal turn-taking, the degree to which similar learning processes underlie its development in these non-human species or are unique to language is not clear. We recorded the natural vocal interactions of common marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus ) occurring with both their sibling twins and parents over the first year of life and observed at least two parallels with language development. First, marmoset turn-taking is a learned vocal behaviour. Second, marmoset parents potentially played a direct role in guiding the development of turn-taking by providing feedback to their offspring when errors occurred during vocal interactions similarly to what has been observed in humans. Though species-differences are also evident, these findings suggest that similar learning mechanisms may be implemented in the ontogeny of vocal turn-taking across our Order, a finding that has important implications for our understanding of language evolution.

scholarly journals Assessing the association between bronchiolitis in infancy and recurrent wheeze: a whole English birth cohort case–control study

Thorax ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Marlow ◽  
Adam Finn ◽  
John Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hospital Episode Statistics ◽  
First Year ◽  
Recurrent Wheeze ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Control Study

The precise association between bronchiolitis and predisposition to childhood wheeze is unclear. We assessed bronchiolitis aetiology and later wheeze phenotypes in the entire 2007 English birth cohort. All infants admitted to hospital in England during their first year of life with bronchiolitis or urinary tract infection (UTI) were followed using Hospital Episode Statistics to determine risk and characteristics of wheeze admission over the subsequent 8 years. In our cohort of 21 272 children compared with UTI, the risk of wheeze admission was higher with previous bronchiolitis (risk ratio (RR) 2.4), even higher in those with non-respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis (RR 3.1) and persisted into late-onset wheeze (RR 1.7).

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