scholarly journals Immunolocalization of aromatase P450 in the epididymis of Podarcis sicula and Rattus rattus

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Rosati ◽  
Marina Prisco ◽  
Mariana Di Lorenzo ◽  
Maria De Falco ◽  
Piero Andreuccetti

The goal of this study was to evaluate P450 aromatase localization in the epididymis of two different vertebrates: the lizard Podarcis sicula, a seasonal breeder, and Rattus rattus, a continuous breeder. P450 aromatase is a key enzyme involved in the local control of spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis and we proved for the first time that this enzyme is represented in the epididymis of both P. sicula and R. rattus. In details, P450 aromatase was well represented in epithelial and myoid cells and in the connective tissue of P. sicula epididymis during the reproductive period; instead, during autumnal resumption this enzyme was absent in the connective tissue. During the non-reproductive period, P450 aromatase was localized only in myoid cells of P. sicula epididymis, whereas in R. rattus it was localized both in myoid cells and connective tissue. Our findings, the first on the epididymis aromatase localization in the vertebrates, suggest a possible role of P450 aromatase in the control of male genital tract function, particularly in sperm maturation.

2016 ◽  
Vol 219 (15) ◽  
pp. 2402-2408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Rosati ◽  
Marisa Agnese ◽  
Maria Maddalena Di Fiore ◽  
Piero Andreuccetti ◽  
Marina Prisco

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 3314-3316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Fritsche ◽  
Krishna Mondal ◽  
Achim Ehrnsperger ◽  
Reinhard Andreesen ◽  
Marina Kreutz

Abstract25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-1α-hydroxylase (25(OH)D3-1α-hydroxylase), the key enzyme of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) production, is expressed in monocyte-derived macrophages (MACs). Here we show for the first time constitutive expression of 25(OH)D3-1α-hydroxylase in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), which was increased after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Accordingly, DCs showed low constitutive production of 1,25(OH)2D3, but activation by LPS increased 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis. In addition, 25(OH)D3-1α-hydroxylase expression was found in blood DCs but not in CD34+-derived DCs. Next we analyzed the functional consequences of these results. Addition of 1,25(OH)2D3 at concentrations comparable with those produced by DCs inhibited the allostimulatory potential of DCs during the early phase of DC differentiation. However, terminal differentiation decreased the responsiveness of DCs to 1,25(OH)2D3. In conclusion, DCs are able to produce 1,25(OH)2D3 especially following stimulation with LPS. Terminal maturation renders DCs unresponsive to the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3, but those cells are able to suppress the differentiation of their own precursor cells in a paracrine way through the production of 1,25(OH)2D3.


2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaspar PENICHE-LARA ◽  
Karla DZUL-ROSADO ◽  
Carlos PÉREZ-OSORIO ◽  
Jorge ZAVALA-CASTRO

Rickettsia typhi is the causal agent of murine typhus; a worldwide zoonotic and vector-borne infectious disease, commonly associated with the presence of domestic and wild rodents. Human cases of murine typhus in the state of Yucatán are frequent. However, there is no evidence of the presence of Rickettsia typhi in mammals or vectors in Yucatán. The presence of Rickettsia in rodents and their ectoparasites was evaluated in a small municipality of Yucatán using the conventional polymerase chain reaction technique and sequencing. The study only identified the presence of Rickettsia typhi in blood samples obtained from Rattus rattus and it reported, for the first time, the presence of R. felis in the flea Polygenis odiosus collected from Ototylomys phyllotis rodent. Additionally, Rickettsia felis was detected in the ectoparasite Ctenocephalides felis fleas parasitizing the wild rodent Peromyscus yucatanicus. This study’s results contributed to a better knowledge of Rickettsia epidemiology in Yucatán.


2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 1068-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ruffino ◽  
K. Bourgeois ◽  
E. Vidal ◽  
J. Icard ◽  
F. Torre ◽  
...  

The mechanisms by which introduced predators and long-lived seabirds interact and even coexist are still poorly known. Here, the interactions between the widely introduced black rat ( Rattus rattus (L., 1758)) and an endemic Mediterranean cavity-nesting seabird, the yelkouan shearwater ( Puffinus yelkouan (Acerbi, 1827)), were for the first time investigated for a set of 60 suitable breeding cavities throughout the entire breeding cycle of this seabird. Our results pointed out that rat visits to cavities were significantly higher when shearwaters had left the colony for their interbreeding exodus. Among the set of suitable breeding cavities, yelkouan shearwaters preferentially selected the deepest and the most winding cavities for breeding. Very few rat visits were recorded at the shearwater-occupied cavities and no predation event was recorded. These intriguing results reveal a low level of interaction between introduced black rats and yelkouan shearwaters, which may have facilitated their long-term coexistence for thousands of years on some Mediterranean islands.


2005 ◽  
Vol 272 (1570) ◽  
pp. 1399-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederieke J Kroon ◽  
Philip L Munday ◽  
David A Westcott ◽  
Jean-Paul A Hobbs ◽  
N. Robin Liley

The enzyme aromatase controls the androgen/oestrogen ratio by catalysing the irreversible conversion of testosterone into oestradiol (E 2 ). Therefore, the regulation of E 2 synthesis by aromatase is thought to be critical in sexual development and differentiation. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that experimental manipulation of E 2 levels via the aromatase pathway induces adult sex change in each direction in a hermaphroditic fish that naturally exhibits bidirectional sex change. Our results demonstrate that a single enzymatic pathway can regulate both female and male sexual differentiation, and that aromatase may be the key enzyme that transduces environmental, including social, cues to functional sex differentiation in species with environmental sex determination.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (30) ◽  
pp. 7193-7199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Wang ◽  
Minji Wang ◽  
Xinming Yang ◽  
Xiaohan Xu ◽  
Quan Hao ◽  
...  

We report for the first time that antimicrobial Ag+ targets the glycolytic pathway through inhibiting the key enzyme of GAPDH.


2009 ◽  
Vol 191 (8) ◽  
pp. 2834-2842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Zimmermann ◽  
Tobias Sorg ◽  
Simone Yasmin Siehler ◽  
Ulrike Gerischer

ABSTRACT Here, we describe for the first time the Crc (catabolite repression control) protein from the soil bacterium Acinetobacter baylyi. Expression of A. baylyi crc varied according to the growth conditions. A strain with a disrupted crc gene showed the same growth as the wild type on a number of carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression by acetate and succinate of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase, the key enzyme of protocatechuate breakdown, was strongly reduced in the crc strain, whereas in the wild-type strain it underwent strong catabolite repression. This strong effect was not based on transcriptional regulation because the transcription pattern of the pca-qui operon (encoding protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase) did not reflect the derepression in the absence of Crc. pca-qui transcript abundance was slightly increased in the crc strain. Lack of Crc dramatically increased the mRNA stability of the pca-qui transcript (up to 14-fold), whereas two other transcripts (pobA and catA) remained unaffected. p-Hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase activity, encoded by pobA, was not significantly different in the absence of Crc, as protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase was. It is proposed that A. baylyi Crc is involved in the determination of the transcript stability of the pca-qui operon and thereby effects catabolite repression.


1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (1380) ◽  
pp. 161-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Messenger ◽  
J. Z. Young

This paper describes the ontogeny, breakdown and absorption of the radular teeth of cephalopods and, for the first time, considers the function of the ‘bolsters’ or radular support muscles. The radular ribbon, which bears many regularly arranged transverse rows of teeth one behind the other, lies in a radular canal that emerges from the radular sac. Here the radular teeth are formed by a set of elongate cells with microvilli, the odontoblasts. These are organized into two layers, the outer producing the radular membrane and the bases of the teeth, the inner producing the cusps. The odontoblasts also secrete the hyaline shield and the teeth on the lateral buccal palps, when these are present. At the front end of the radular ribbon the teeth become worn in feeding and are replaced from behind by new ones formed continuously in the radular sac, so that the whole ribbon moves forward during ontogeny. Removal of the old teeth is achieved by cells in the radular organs; these cells, which are formed from modified odontoblasts (‘odontoclasts’), dissolve the teeth and membranes and absorb them. There is a subradular organ in all cephalopods. In Octopus vulgaris , which bores into mollusc shells and crustacean carapaces, it is especially well–developed and there is also a supraradular organ. A characteristic feature of the cephalopod radular apparatus is the pair of large radular support muscles or ‘bolsters’. Their function seems never to have been investigated, but experiments reported here show that when they elongate, the radular teeth become erect at the bending plane and splayed, presumably enhancing their ability to rake food particles into the pharynx. The bolsters of Octopus function as muscular hydrostats: because their volume is fixed, contraction of their powerful transverse muscles causes them to elongate. In decapods and in nautiloids each bolster contains a ‘support rod’ of semi–fluid material, as well as massive transverse musculature. This rod may elongate to erect the radular teeth. At the extreme front end of the bolsters in Octopus there are many nerve fibres that may constitute a receptor organ signalling the movements of the radula against hard material. Such nerves are absent from decapods and from octopods that do not bore holes. The buccal mass of Nautilus is massive, with heavily calcified tips to the beaks and a wide radular ribbon, with 13 rather than nine elements in each row. Nevertheless all the usual coleoid features are present in the radular apparatus and the teeth are formed and broken down in the same way. However, Nautilus has a unique structure, the radular appendage. This comprises a papillate mass extending over the palate in the mid–line and forming paired lateral masses that are in part secretory. The organ is attached to the front of the radula by muscles and connective tissue. Its function is unknown.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariailaria Verderame ◽  
Francesco Angelini ◽  
Ermelinda Limatola

Androgens are considered the main hormones that regulate spermatogenesis, but a lot of evidence confers to estrogen a key role in this process. In the testis of the seasonal breeder lizardPodarcis siculawe analyzed by means ofin situhybridization the expression of the androgen receptor (AR) and of the two types,αandβ, of the estrogen receptors (ERs) throughout the three periods of the annual cycle: mating (spring-early summer), postmating-refractory (late summer), and autumnal recrudescence. The results show that during the mating period AR and ERs are expressed in all germ cells present in the tubules from spermatogonia to spermatozoa. During the postmating-refractory period, when only spermatogonia are present in the tubules, almost all express ERs and very few AR mRNA. During the autumnal recrudescence the localization of AR and ERs is the same of the mating period except for the population of the primary spermatocytes. The expression of the investigated receptors is peculiar in these cells that are positive in the middle-late pachytene stage of the meiotic prophase and negative in preleptotene. A possible functional role of the observed differences during spermatogenesis and in the spermatozoa is also discussed.


Author(s):  
Paula Alexandra Oliveira ◽  
Ana Faustino Ana Faustino

ResumoO rato está na base de importantes descobertas na área da medicina. Contudo, nem sempre foi bem visto pela sociedade. No século XIV abateu-se sobre a Europa uma pandemia, a Peste Negra, causada por uma bactéria (Yersinia pestis) transmitida ao Homem por uma pulga (Xenopsylla cheopis), cujo hospedeiro era o rato (Rattus rattus). Esta doença vitimou aproximadamente 150 milhões de pessoas. Estava-se longe de imaginar o contributo que o rato viria a ter na saúde humana.No século XVII o rato proliferou descontroladamente, surgindo uma nova profissão: os caçadores de ratos. Estes indivíduos ganhavam dinheiro com a captura e venda destes animais para alimentação. Nessa época apareceu um desporto novo e as apostas a ele associadas: as lutas de ratos. Como resultado desse desporto, aumentaram os acasalamentos consanguíneos e surgiram variações na pelagem do rato, aparecendo os primeiros ratos albinos. Em 1828 foram utilizados os primeiros ratos albinos num ensaio experimental sobre o estudo do efeito do jejum. Mais tarde, em 1906, no Instituto Wistar, Helen Dean King desenvolveu uma estirpe a partir dos ratos albinos, designada de Wistar, para uso na investigação biomédica.Ainda no século XX o uso do rato de laboratório alargou-se a estudos de aprendizagem em labirinto, nutrição, reprodução, genética e cancro, e consequentemente mais estirpes de animais foram desenvolvidas, passando a existir empresas com o propósito de os vender para investigação. A importância desta espécie pode comprovar-se pela análise do número de artigos publicados anualmente com recurso à sua utilização. Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma revisão histórica do uso do rato na investigação, evidenciando-se as caraterísticas que fizeram deste animal um modelo único na pesquisa biomédica. Palavras-chave: Investigação, Peste Negra, Rattus rattus, Wistar Abstract The rat is the basis of important findings in Medicine. However, it was not always well-seen by the society. In the 14th century, the Europe was affected by a pandemic disease, Black Pestis, caused by a bacterium (Yersinia pestis) transmitted to the Man by a flea (Xenopsylla cheopis), whose host was the rat (Rattus rattus). This disease victimized approximately 150 million people. It was far from imaging the contribution that the rat would have for human health. In the 17th century, the rat proliferated wildly, emerging a new job: the rat hunters. These people earnt money with the capture and selling of these animals for food. At that time appeared a new sport and the bets associated to it: the rat fights. Because of this new hobby, the consanguineous mating increased and appeared variations on rat coat, appearing the first albino rats. In 1828 the albino rats were used by the first time in an experimental assay about the fasting effects. Later, in 1906, in the Wistar Institute, Helen Dean King developed a strain from albino rats, called Wistar, for use in biomedical research. Still in the 20th century, the use of laboratory rats was expanded to studies of learning, nutrition, reproduction, genetics and cancer, and consequently more strains were developed by companies with the purpose to sell them for research. The importance of this specie may be evidenced by the analysis of the number of scientific works published annually using it. In this work, a historical review of the use of the rat in the investigation is provided, evidencing the characteristics that made it a unique model in biomedical research. Keywords: Black Pestis, Investigation, Rattus rattus, Wistar


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