scholarly journals Toxic epidermic necrolysis by allopurinol: a case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Paola Cerra ◽  
Alberto Castagna ◽  
Laura Greco ◽  
Rosaria Anna Galea ◽  
Maria Lucia Citraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Immune System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Erythematous Rash ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mucosal Lesions ◽  
Dermatologic Disease ◽  
Toxic Drugs ◽  
Cutaneous Damage

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) or Lyell’s syndrome is a rare but serious potentially fatal autoimmune dermatologic disease. It is characterized by cutaneous damage due to apoptosis of the keratinocytes with consequent dermo-epidermal separation for a >30% extension of the body surface, associated with mucosal lesions. It is due to the activation of the immune system, often following the intake of potentially toxic drugs [antibiotics, antiepileptics, non-steroidal antinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), allopurinol] or after infection with herpetic viruses or mycoplasma. We describe the case of an 82- year-old man starting therapy of Allopurinol for hyperuricemia. After four days the patient shows an extensive erythematous rash localized to the trunk and upper limbs. The following day the rash also involves the face, tending to the confluence and after another two days, the macules turn into de-epithelized areas because of dermo-epidermal separation and the lesions involve the oral and ocular mucosa, causing dysphagia and difficulty in speaking. He was treated with steroid and antihistamine therapy, suspending the previously undertaken therapy with antibiotic and Allopurinol.

scholarly journals Eczema herpeticum in an infant – a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-324
Author(s):  
Lesya Besh ◽  
◽  
Oksana Matsyura ◽  
Olesya Besh ◽  
Olga Troyanovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Herpesvirus Infection ◽  
Eczema Herpeticum ◽  
The Face ◽  
Ulcerative Lesions

Eczema herpeticum is a chronic dermatosis with erosive and ulcerative lesions of the skin in children of a predominantly young age. The clinical case presented in this article shows the severe course of herpesvirus infection combined with atopic dermatitis in a 5-month infant. A rash in the form of vesicles and pustules throughout the body with a predominant localisation on the skin of the face, the scalp, neck, and chest was found in the course of the examination of the child. Influence of infections on the course of allergic processes is an ambiguous and complicated issue. It has been proved that an infection can contribute to the development of allergies and exacerbate the course of already existing allergic inflammation. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown the preventive effect of infection on the development of allergic pathology in children, especially during the first years of life.

COVID-19 and Alcohol Misuse: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Asadollahi-Amin ◽  
Ali Nowroozi ◽  
Mehrdad Hasibi ◽  
Behzad Asanjarani ◽  
SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
The Body ◽  
False Information ◽  
In The Beginning

Abstract: In the beginning of 2020, a newly emerged virus, now named SARS-CoV-2, began to spread in China. After four months, it has reached all over the globe, infecting more than 2.5 million people. Currently, there are no proved treatments available. However, in social media, false information about alcohol consumption and its role against the virus is spreading. We described a victim of these false facts who presented with reduced eyesight due to alcohol drinking, a few days later showed symptoms of COVID-19 and, even though treated, lost his eyesight partially. Alcohol taking has no preventive or curing effect on COVID-19 and negatively impacts the body and immune system, which, therefore, should not be considered a treatment for COVID-19 disease.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Lithium as an Antiviral Agent against SARS-CoV-2 via Membrane Depolarization: Review and Hypothesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Abdallah Barjas Qaswal ◽  
Aiman Suleiman ◽  
Hasan Guzu ◽  
Taima’a Harb ◽  
Bashir Atiyat
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Membrane Depolarization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pyrin Domain ◽  
The Face ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Receptor Family

Studies on potential treatments of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are important to improve the global situation in the face of the pandemic. This review proposes lithium as a potential drug to treat COVID-19. Our hypothesis states that lithium can suppress NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activity, inhibit cell death, and exhibit immunomodulation via membrane depolarization. Our hypothesis was formulated after finding consistent correlations between these actions and membrane depolarization induced by lithium. Eventually, lithium could serve to mitigate the NLRP3-mediated cytokine storm, which is allegedly reported to be the inciting event of a series of retrogressive events associated with mortality from COVID-19. It could also inhibit cell death and modulate the immune system to attenuate its release, clear the virus from the body, and interrupt the cycle of immune-system dysregulation. Therefore, these effects are presumed to improve the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 patients. As the numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths continue to rise exponentially without a clear consensus on potential therapeutic agents, urgent conduction of preclinical and clinical studies to prove the efficacy and safety of lithium is reasonable.

scholarly journals An Overview of Stress Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1-Feb) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Bi Bi Ameena
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Complex Stress ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Mind

Stress is extremely complex. The state of the body and that of the mind are closely related. When we start to examine what that “something” is, it gets complex. Stress produces a state of physical and mental tension and frustration. Stress is not necessarily something bad, it is also positive and all depends on how we take it. If the mind is relaxed we can see, the muscles in the body will also be relaxed. Some stress can be useful. Stress is a normal, general and universal reaction to life events. It is what you feel when life demands more than you handle. Stress occurs too long or too often which causes problems. It can affect our normal daily routine. Too much stress increases the risk for mental and physical illness and weakens immune system. Stress problems are highly common with many people reporting experiencing extreme levels of distress or negative stress. Being “stressed out” is thus a common or universal human phenomenon that has an impact on almost everyone. When we have lot to do to, we tend to feel much more stressed out. Most people use the word stress to refer to negative experiences which leave us feeling submerged and unpleasant. Only few people enjoy the feeling of being overwhelmingly stressed in the face of great change. Our experiences and feeling of stressed varies in intensity between high, medium and low. People do not like experiencing the peak of stress. Meditation and yoga is recognised as a form of mind-body medicine and a very good relaxation technique. Even exercising has a very good benefit in relaxing the mind and body. We tend to ignore the difficulties of how and why stress makes us feel depressed, exhausted and function the way it does.Suitable and appropriate amount of stress can actually stimulate passion for work, tap hidden abilities and even provoke, ignite inspirations. Stress can make a person creative, productive and constructive, when it is identified and well managed.

Habilitating a Smile

Biofeedback ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey E. Bolek
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Nerve Palsy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Muscle Dysfunction ◽  
Seventh Cranial Nerve ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The Face ◽  
High Firing

The treatment of muscle dysfunction in the muscles around the face is particularly challenging. In addition to being the most observable muscles in the body, the limited area with which to work, the high firing rate, and the increased risk of picking up crosstalk from muscles in close proximity all add to the challenge. This case report describes the treatment of a young child with seventh cranial nerve palsy of the face.

scholarly journals Allopurinol causing generalized exfoliative dermatitis: a case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1816
Author(s):  
Mila Nu Nu Htay ◽  
Wai Wai Myint ◽  
Htay Lwin ◽  
Win Htay
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Drug Allergy ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Supportive Treatment ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Skin Involvement ◽  
Exfoliative Dermatitis ◽  
Culprit Drug ◽  
Mortality Case ◽  
The Face

Erythroderma is a scaly, erythematous dermatitis of the skin, which occurs in drug allergy, malignancy and underlying skin disorders. The diagnosis is challenging because the extent of skin involvement does not always correlate with the extent of internal organ involvement. Therefore, early recognition of symptoms is vital to minimize morbidity and mortality. Case report: A 52 years old man had asymptomatic hyperuricemia and prescribed allopurinol 300mg, daily. One month later, the rashes started to appear on his trunk and then progressed to the face and upper limbs. Then it continued to spread to the lower extremities. Management involves prompt cessation of the culprit drug, administration of corticosteroids and supportive treatment. It is Concluded that Allopurinol is commonly used in clinical practice for the treatment of symptomatic hyperuricemia and gout. It has been associated with erythroderma especially when used indiscriminately.

scholarly journals Aortic dissection and stroke associated with COVID-19: case report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Xavier Darella ◽  
Stefany Elias ◽  
Gladys Lentz Martins
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Acute Aortic Dissection ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Myocardial Necrosis ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Acute Type ◽  
Upper Limbs

Case Report A 58-year-old man, previously healthy, presented with headache, myalgia, retrosternal chest pain associated with paresthesia and paresis in upper limbs and lower limbs of acute onset. He denies fever, cough, dyspnea, or contact with patients with COVID-19. There was a difference in blood pressure and pulse in the upper limbs. No particularities in the neurological examination were noted. The electrocardiogram and enzymes of myocardial necrosis did not show abnormalities. PCR for SARS-CoV-2 was positive. Chest computed angiotomography showed acute type IA aortic dissection. The patient underwent cardiac surgery, without complications. After 48 hours of the procedure, the patient progresses with a lower level of consciousness, left hemiplegia, and anisocoria. The brain computed tomography showed extensive ischemic injury in the right middle cerebral artery territory. The patient underwent decompression craniectomy. The patient was discharged from the hospital, maintaining hemiplegia on the left side of the body. Discussion SARS-CoV-2 is a RNA virus responsible for the current COVID-191 pandemic. Moderate to severe forms of the disease may present with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), myocarditis, and thrombotic events such as pulmonary venous thromboembolism and ischemic stroke2. There are few reports in the literature about acute aortic dissection in patients with COVID-193,4. Acute aortic dissection is characterized by rupture of the intimal layer of the vessel with exposure of the middle layer and cystic necrosis and formation of a false lumen5. The mechanisms associated with thromboembolic phenomena in SARSCoV-2 infection remain poorly elucidated in the literature. This case report highlights a patient with severe complications of COVID-19, with the viral trigger being a possible contributor to the condition of acute aortic dissection and stroke.

scholarly journals Lamotrigine induced Steven Johnson syndrome: A case report in Al Batool teaching hospital in Diyala governorate

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Sura Qais Mahmood Almaroof ◽  
◽  
Issam Tariq Abdul Wahaab
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
The Face ◽  
Systemic Manifestations ◽  
Steven Johnson Syndrome

Background: Steven Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare disease that is characterized by acute cutaneous manifestation represented by eruptions of the skin and the mucosal membranes. SJS is an immune-mediated disease, a hypersensitive reaction, characterized by hyperpigmentation of the mucous membranes, rash on the skin and multiple bullae and erosions scattered all over the body especially the face, trunk, and the extremities. Many studies reported that the incidence rate of the SJS was about 1.2 – 6 cases/ million each year and it is more common among males while the toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is more common among females. In addition to the cutaneous manifestations.SJS might show multiple systemic manifestations including the liver, lungs and kidneys. In this case we reported the development of Steven Johnson syndrome in relation to the use of lamotrigine antiepileptic drug.

scholarly journals Progressive Disseminated Superficial Actinic Porokeratosis: a Case Report with a Family History in Three Generations

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Milica Stepanović ◽  
Mirjana Paravina ◽  
Danica Janjić Spasić
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Gentian Violet ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Disseminated Superficial Actinic Porokeratosis ◽  
Cornoid Lamella ◽  
The Face

Abstract Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis is the most common form of porokeratosis in adults, which develops in the third or fourth decade of life, but may also occur later or earlier, more frequently in females, particularly in countries with high sun exposure. Lesions are numerous, uniform, superficial with central atrophy, demarcated by a distinct peripheral ridge, and usually found on sun exposed areas or elsewhere. The disease is inherited as an autosomal dominant condition. We present a 57-year-old retired woman. Her initial skin changes, affecting the face, developed in her thirties, and they have not changed their features since. In the following years, changes developed on the extensor surface of her arms and legs, with more prominent erythema, and then also on other parts of the body, including palms and soles, presenting as dark brown pigmented patches. Her mother had similar changes, and her daughter, who lives abroad, also has them. On examination, the patient presented with facial lesions, patches 2-3 mm wide, with peripheral hyperpigmentation and a pale center. There were multiple, 2-3 mm wide, dark brown lesions on the extremities and trunk. The lesions were either flat or with atrophic center with darker filiform corneal rim. Pathohistolgical examination revealed a "cornoid lamella", which is pathognomonic for the diagnosis of porokeratosis. Auxiliary diagnostic methods were also used - dermoscopy and Gentian violet staining. The patient was advised to avoid sun exposure and to apply photoprotective sunscreens. In conclusion, this is a case report of a disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis that affected three generations of a family. Our patient developed lesions on palms and soles as well. A review of available world literature shows that this is the second case report of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis with palmoplantar involvement.

scholarly journals Cross-reaction of angioedema with clozapine, olanzapine, and quetiapine: A case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Antipsychotic Agents ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
Mitral Insufficiency ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
The Face ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Angioedema is characterized by marked swelling of the subcutaneous or submucosal tissue and may affect various parts of the body, including the face, mouth, and extremities. Angioedema has specifically been associated with the use of several antipsychotic agents, including clozapine, olanzapine, iloperidone, haloperidol, quetiapine, paliperidone, ziprasidone, risperidone, and chlorpromazine. A 67-year-old African American male with a past medical history significant for hypertension, coronary artery disease requiring stent placement, mitral insufficiency, hyperlipidemia, tobacco use disorder, and schizophrenia presented with altered mental status and disorientation in the setting of clozapine nonadherence, which prompted acute hospitalization for clozapine reinitiation. During clozapine titration, the patient developed edema, erythema, and pruritus on his face and arms along with lip swelling characteristic of angioedema. Upon discontinuation of clozapine, the patient was trialed on several other antipsychotic medications to help manage acute psychosis and subsequently developed angioedema symptoms with trials of both olanzapine and quetiapine. Following these 3 distinct events of angioedema, the clinical decision was made to no longer trial atypical antipsychotics for the patient, and loxapine was cautiously initiated. The patient responded well to loxapine and continued to tolerate loxapine therapy for years. This case report identifies angioedema cross-reaction linked with 3 second-generation antipsychotics. Given the potentially life-threatening nature of angioedema, awareness of recurrent angioedema should be undertaken when trialing antipsychotics following an episode of angioedema correlated to antipsychotic use, particularly when trialing antipsychotics from the same generation and with similar chemical structures.

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