scholarly journals Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of cysticercosis from 2000 to 2014 in Dali, Yunnan province, China.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanzhang Li ◽  
Xinzhong Zang ◽  
Xiaokang Hu ◽  
Eniola Michael Abe ◽  
Menbao Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
And Control

Cysticercosis remains a public health problem in China, with disease prevalence attributed to poor socio-economic and public health conditions. This parasitic food-borne disease was prioritized for effective control following implementation of the national surveys on parasitic diseases carried out in China. We predicted the cysticercosis distribution in Dali, Yunnan Province by assessing spatio-temporal distribution characteristics between 2000 and 2014 to better understand the trend of the disease incidence. A database of cysticercosis cases was provided by the clinical department at the Dali Prefectural Institute of Research and Control of Schistosomiasis. Describing the epidemiological features of cysticercosis and analyzing its spatiotemporal distribution of cases using mapping, scanning and spatial autocorrelation analysis, our findings found a total of 3,347 patients with cysticercosis infection, neurocysticercosis in particular. Cysticercosis prevalence was the highest among young and middle-aged male farmers, and also predominant among the Bai nationality. Three aggregation areas were identified during the period 2000-2014. Hotspot analysis implicated Dali City, Eryuan County and Yangbi County between 2000 and 2007, with areas gradually shifting towards the western and northern parts of the province. The hotspot map indicated that Eryuan County was a constant problem with respect to cysticercosis. The results indicated three cysticercosis clusters in Dali that could be attributed to environmental factors and unhealthy lifestyles. Multi-sectoral control initiatives are, therefore, recommended in these areas to effectively control and prevent cysticercosis among the population.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of COVID-19 in China: a city-level modeling study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Ma ◽  
Jinghong Gao ◽  
Wenjie Zhang ◽  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Mingyuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic. Few studies have been conducted to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of COVID-19 on nationwide city-level in China. Objective To analyze and visualize the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and clustering pattern of COVID-19 cases from 362 cities of 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in mainland China. Methods A spatiotemporal statistical analysis of COVID-19 cases was carried out by collecting the confirmed COVID-19 cases in mainland China from January 10, 2020 to October 5, 2020. Methods including statistical charts, hotspot analysis, spatial autocorrelation, and Poisson space–time scan statistic were conducted. Results The high incidence stage of China’s COVID-19 epidemic was from January 17 to February 9, 2020 with daily increase rate greater than 7.5%. The hot spot analysis suggested that the cities including Wuhan, Huangshi, Ezhou, Xiaogan, Jingzhou, Huanggang, Xianning, and Xiantao, were the hot spots with statistical significance. Spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated a moderately correlated pattern of spatial clustering of COVID-19 cases across China in the early phase, with Moran’s I statistic reaching maximum value on January 31, at 0.235 (Z = 12.344, P = 0.001), but the spatial correlation gradually decreased later and showed a discrete trend to a random distribution. Considering both space and time, 19 statistically significant clusters were identified. 63.16% of the clusters occurred from January to February. Larger clusters were located in central and southern China. The most likely cluster (RR = 845.01, P < 0.01) included 6 cities in Hubei province with Wuhan as the centre. Overall, the clusters with larger coverage were in the early stage of the epidemic, while it changed to only gather in a specific city in the later period. The pattern and scope of clusters changed and reduced over time in China. Conclusions Spatio-temporal cluster detection plays a vital role in the exploration of epidemic evolution and early warning of disease outbreaks and recurrences. This study can provide scientific reference for the allocation of medical resources and monitoring potential rebound of the COVID-19 epidemic in China.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal distribution and associated factors of anaemia among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia: a spatial and multilevel analysis based on the EDHS 2005–2016

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e045544
Author(s):  
Samuel Hailegebreal ◽  
Araya Mesfin Nigatu ◽  
Zeleke Abebaw Mekonnen ◽  
Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Spatio Temporal

ObjectivesAnaemia is a global public health problem with major health and socioeconomic consequences. Though childhood anaemia is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, there is limited evidence on the spatio-temporal variability of childhood anaemia over time in the country. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the spatio-temporal distribution and associated factors of childhood anaemia using the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data from 2005 to 2016.DesignSurvey-based cross-sectional study design was employed for the EDHS.SettingData were collected in all nine regions and two city administrations of Ethiopia in 2005, 2011 and 2016.ParticipantsThe source population for this study was all children in Ethiopia aged 6–59 months. A total of 21 302 children aged 6–59 months were included in this study.Outcome measureThe outcome variable was child anaemia status.ResultsThe prevalence of anaemia declined from 53.9% in 2005 to 44.6% in 2011, but it showed an increase in 2016 to 57.6%. The spatial analysis revealed that the spatial distribution of anaemia varied across the regions. The spatial scan statistics analysis indicated a total of 22 clusters (relative risk (RR)=1.5, p<0.01) in 2005, 180 clusters (RR=1.4, p<0.01) in 2011 and 219 clusters (RR=1.4, p<0. 0.01) in 2016, significant primary clusters were identified. The child’s age, mother’s age, maternal anaemia status, wealth index, birth order, fever, stunting, wasting status and region were significant predictors of childhood anaemia.ConclusionsIn this study, childhood anaemia remains a public health problem. The spatial distribution of childhood anaemia varied significantly across the country. Individual-level and community-level factors were associated with childhood anaemia. Therefore, in regions with a high risk of childhood anaemia, individual-level and community-level factors should be intensified by allocating additional resources and providing appropriate and tailored strategies.

HYPERTENSION – A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adia Pilav ◽  
Emira Tanović-Mikulec ◽  
Suada Branković ◽  
Vedran Đido
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Population Approach ◽  
Hypertension Control ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
High Prevalence

Aim. The aim of this paper is to present public health importance of hypertension in population as one of the major CVD risk factor as well as a model of integrated approach to hypertension control at community level. Background. In spite of wide knowledge of pathophysiology and epidemiology in development of hypertension, ability to easily diagnose it, availability of efficient medications, hypertension continues to have high prevalence and setting up hypertension controls poses significant public health challenge. High prevalence of hypertension exists in all countries of the world, regardless of socioeconomic status of the country. It is estimated that the number of people with hypertension by 2025 will rise by 15-20%, and the number of sick people will increase up to 1.5 billion people worldwide. Methods. A review of the relevant literature which discusses the importance of defining clear strategies and interventions in the control of hypertension in countries, with particular emphasis on integrated hypertension management that has the greatest impact. Discussion. Effective and efficient hypertension control requires two approaches: population approach and individual approach to high-risk individuals. The balanced combination of population approach and an approach to access high-risk individuals is vital for the effective control of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions. Health systems in every country must be flexible and ready to provide adequate model of integrated approach to hypertension control at community level understanding their own local needs.

scholarly journals The Antibody Response to Plasmodium falciparum: Cues for Vaccine Design and the Discovery of Receptor-Based Antibodies

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Tan ◽  
Luca Piccoli ◽  
Antonio Lanzavecchia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Vaccine Design ◽  
Immunoglobulin Genes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Sterilizing Immunity

Plasmodium falciparum remains a serious public health problem and a continuous challenge for the immune system due to the complexity and diversity of the pathogen. Recent advances from several laboratories in the characterization of the antibody response to the parasite have led to the identification of critical targets for protection and revealed a new mechanism of diversification based on the insertion of host receptors into immunoglobulin genes, leading to the production of receptor-based antibodies. These advances have opened new possibilities for vaccine design and passive antibody therapies to provide sterilizing immunity and control blood-stage parasites.

scholarly journals Aflatoxins: A Brief Review of their Chemical Properties, Toxicological Effects and Control Measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Eloiza Sarmento Amoras ◽  
Anderson Luiz Pena Costa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Vegetable Foods ◽  
And Control

Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by the fungi of the genus Aspergillus. These substances cause food poisoning with clinical manifestations that vary according to the time of exposure and concentration of the dose ingested, representing a serious public health problem for compromising the food security, also causing considerable economic losses both in the production of stocked vegetable foods, as well as in the livestock contaminated with these substances through the feed. Therefore, this literature review aims to introduce some aspects related to the contamination of food by the fungi of the genus Aspergillus, the chemical and toxicological properties of the aflatoxins, as well as the strategies of control to avoid them in food.

Spatio-temporal Distribution Characteristics of Water Quality in Miju River and Erhai Lake

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (sp1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Junlong Liu ◽  
Jijun Xu ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
Xiaofeng Hong ◽  
Mingyuan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Erhai Lake ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals TUBERCULOSIS: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CONTROL

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e2014070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Sulis ◽  
Alberto Roggi ◽  
Alberto Matteelli ◽  
Mario C. Raviglione
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Tuberculosis Epidemiology ◽  
Slow Decline ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern worldwide: despite a regular, although slow, decline in incidence over the last decade, as many as 8.6 million new cases and 1.3 million deaths were estimated to have occurred in 2012. TB is by all means a poverty-related disease, mainly affecting the most vulnerable populations in the poorest countries. The presence of multidrug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis in most countries, with some where prevalence is high, is among the major challenges for TB control, which may hinder recent achievements especially in some settings. Early TB case detection especially in resource-constrained settings and in marginalized groups remains a challenge, and about 3 million people are estimated to remain undiagnosed or not notified and untreated. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently launched the new global TB strategy for the “post-2015 era” aimed at “ending the global TB epidemic” by 2035, based on the three pillars that emphasize patient-centred TB care and prevention, bold policies and supportive systems, and intensified research and innovation.This paper aims to provide an overview of the global TB epidemiology as well as of the main challenges that must be faced to eliminate the disease as a public health problem everywhere.

Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of cropland water use efficiency and its relationship with climate in Anhui Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
王芳 WANG Fang ◽  
汪左 WANG Zuo ◽  
黄静 HUANG Jing ◽  
杨淑杰 YANG Shujie ◽  
贺广均 HE Guangjun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Estimating the impact of Tiny Targets in reducing the incidence of Gambian sleeping sickness in the North-west Uganda focus

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Bessell ◽  
Johan Esterhuizen ◽  
Michael J. Lehane ◽  
Joshua Longbottom ◽  
Albert Mugenyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Tsetse Control ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Intervention Area ◽  
Western Uganda ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Riverine species of tsetse (Glossina) transmit Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, which causes Gambian human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT), a neglected tropical disease. Uganda aims to eliminate gHAT as a public health problem through detection and treatment of human cases and vector control. The latter is being achieved through the deployment of ‘Tiny Targets’, insecticide-impregnated panels of material which attract and kill tsetse. We analysed the spatial and temporal distribution of cases of gHAT in Uganda during the period 2010–2019 to assess whether Tiny Targets have had an impact on disease incidence. Methods To quantify the deployment of Tiny Targets, we mapped the rivers and their associated watersheds in the intervention area. We then categorised each of these on a scale of 0–3 according to whether Tiny Targets were absent (0), present only in neighbouring watersheds (1), present in the watersheds but not all neighbours (2), or present in the watershed and all neighbours (3). We overlaid all cases that were diagnosed between 2000 and 2020 and assessed whether the probability of finding cases in a watershed changed following the deployment of targets. We also estimated the number of cases averted through tsetse control. Results We found that following the deployment of Tiny Targets in a watershed, there were fewer cases of HAT, with a sampled error probability of 0.007. We estimate that during the intervention period 2012–2019 we should have expected 48 cases (95% confidence intervals = 40–57) compared to the 36 cases observed. The results are robust to a range of sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Tiny Targets have reduced the incidence of gHAT by 25% in north-western Uganda. Graphical abstract

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document