scholarly journals Ornamental plants for floating treatment wetlands: preliminary results

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Barco ◽  
Maurizio Borin
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Mentha Aquatica ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Floating Treatment Wetlands

Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) represent a novel ecotechnology for the treatment of different types of wastewaters in natural or artificial water bodies, through the use of traditional rooted emergent macrophyte species supported by floating rafts. Although many studies have reported the treatment performances of FTWs, showing an excellent aptitude for removing nutrients, heavy metals as well as suspended solids, the investigation of vegetation has not received much attention up to now, especially for herbaceous ornamental plant species that could form an interesting opportunity to improve water quality and the esthetic-ornamental value of urban water bodies. For this reason, a pilot scale FTW was installed in Northern Italy to assess the growth performances of eleven wetland species having ornamental features: Canna indica L., Pontederia cordata L., Thalia dealbata Fraser ex Roscoe, Acorus calamus L., Juncus effusus L., Iris laevigata L., Mentha aquatica L., Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC., Caltha palustris L., Sparganium erectum L. and Zantedeschia aetiopica (L.) Srengel. For these species, a suitability index was elaborated that considers plant survivability, above-mat biomass production, nitrogen uptake, root length and root-shoot ratio. On this basis, the results obtained clearly indicated that C. indica, P. cordata and T. dealbata were the most suitable species for FTW due to their high vigor and colonization of the floating mats (1638.9 g m–2, 483.4 g m–2, 566.1 g m–2 of above-mat dry biomass, respectively; 38.8 cm, 62.0 cm, 43.8 cm root length, respectively; 0.8, 0.9, 1.2 root-shoot ratio, respectively), survival (100%), nitrogen uptake (15.1 g m–2, 15.0 g m–2, 15.7 g m–2 respectively). On the contrary, A. calamus, S. erectum and Z. aetiopica did not present adequate features for use in FTWs.

scholarly journals Localized and Moderate Phosphorus Application Improves Plant Growth and Phosphorus Accumulation in Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murr. via Efficient Root System Development

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Qinghua Ma ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Manyi Du ◽  
Yongan Zhang ◽  
Yaoxiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
System Development ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Rosa Multiflora ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Supply

Roots have high plasticity with the ability to adapt to heterogeneous nutrient distribution, but little is known about the effects of phosphorus (P) supply methods and levels on Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murr. root growth and nutrient accumulation. A pot study was conducted with two P supply methods (mixed and localized application) and three levels (P-deficient, P-moderate and P-adequate). The results showed that with localized application, P-deficient and P-moderate treatments significantly improved total root length, total surface area, total length of fine roots, shoot DW and total P accumulation in Rosa multiflora compared with their respective mixed application at 45 days after being transplanted (DAT) and 92 DAT; for P-adequate supply, the same trends were observed at 45 DAT, but not at 92 DAT. At 92 DAT, with localized application, when P levels increased from P-deficient to P-moderate, total P accumulation increased by 43.3%; but when P levels increased from P-moderate to P-adequate, no effect was observed. Furthermore, higher P accumulation in leaves was observed in localized P-moderate condition; decreased P uptake per root dry weight and greater root/shoot ratio were observed in localized P-adequate at 92 DAT. Total P accumulation was positively correlated with total root length and root surface area (R2: 0.68~0.94). There was a significant interaction effect among treatment days, P supply methods and levels (p ≤ 0.05) on shoot DW, root DW, root/shoot ratio and total P accumulation. These findings indicated that localized and moderate P supply appear efficient for improving R. multiflora growth and P accumulation via efficient root system development.

scholarly journals Performance of physiological basis of rice hybrids under system of rice cultivation

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-361
Author(s):  
Pushpraj Singh ◽  
IM Khan ◽  
Smita Singh ◽  
RK Tiwari ◽  
UN Shukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Among the rice hybrids, PRH-10 recorded significantly highest chlorophyll content, dry matter, LAI, CGR, RGR, NAR, root length, root: shoot ratio and grain yield (9.95 t/ha) over the rest of hybrids followed by NPH-567. The lowest values of these parameters were noted in IR-36. The higher straw yield was recorded (144.8 t/ha) in NPH-567. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i3.21614 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(3): 359-361, 2014 (December)

scholarly journals Adaptation Selection of Plants for Utilization in Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated by Crude Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Fadliah Salim ◽  
Yadi Setiadi ◽  
Didy Sopandie ◽  
Mohamad Yani
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The research on adaptation selection for utilization in phytoremediation of soil contaminated by crude oil using four type plants, such as Helianthus annuus, Paspalum conjugatum, Sorghum bicolor, and Tagetes erecta were conducted. The adaptability of four types of plants  on crude oil contaminated soil at total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) level at 0, 3, and 6% were observed and evaluated to their morphological and anatomical responses. Parameters observed were vegetative growth of plants including growth precentage, plant height, number of leaves, root length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, root/shoot ratio, total dry weight, and stomatal density for 9 weeks cultivation in screen house. The results show that increasing in TPH level caused in significant reductions on morphological of four plants, such as percentage of plant growth, plant height, number of leaves, root length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and total dry weight. In contrast, the increasing in TPH level caused to increasing in root/shoot ratio. The four types of plants studied were effective to be used as plants for phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soil. The plants of P. conjugatum and S. bicolor are recommended as phytoremediators for further studies.

scholarly journals Selenyum Uygulaması ile Yetiştirilen Adaçayı Bitkisinden Elde Edilen Hidrosollerin Çemen ve Kişniş Tohumlarının Çimlenmesi Üzerine Etkisi

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (sp2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Ferit Özen ◽  
Gülsüm Yaldız ◽  
Mahmut Çamlıca ◽  
Halit Aşkın ◽  
Abdurrahman Başol
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
The Mean

This research was carried out in the climate chamber in order to determine the effect of hydrosols obtained from sage grown with selenium application on germination of fenugreek and coriander seeds. Different concentrations of sage hydrosol (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 ml) and purified water used as control were applied to the fenugreek and coriander seeds. Germination rate, fresh weight, dry weight, root length, shoot length and root / shoot ratio of fenugreek and coriander seeds were applied. Variance analysis was performed according to the split plot design and the mean values were compared with LSD test. According to the results of the research; germination rate of fenugreek seeds 38.35-51.00%, fresh weight 0.04-0.12 g, dry weight 0.001-0.035 g, root length 0.71-2.02 cm, shoot length 1.27-3.20 cm, root/shoot ratio varied between 0.34-0.82, germination rate of coriander seeds 18.61-39.21%, fresh weight 0.0011-0.034 g, dry weight 0.004-0.030 g, root length 1.5-4.58 cm, shoot length 1.08-3.69 cm, root/shoot ratio 0.47-2.51 were found. The highest germination rate was obtained in 2.5 ml dose of sage hydrosol (51.00%) in fenugreek seeds and the highest germination rate was found in 7.5 ml dose of sage hydrosol (39.21%) in coriander seeds.

Effect of irrigation scheduling and live mulching of cowpea on root characteristics, consumptive use and water use efficiency of upland rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
RA Aparna ◽  
V Jayakrishnakumar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Consumptive Use ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Use Efficiency

The field experiment was conducted in the farmer's field, Peringammala, Kalliyoor, Thiruvananthapuram during the Virippu 2017 to study the effect of irrigation scheduling and live mulching with cowpea on root and soil moisture characteristics of upland rice. The results revealed that root characters like root volume, root dry weight and root shoot ratio significantly increased under the irrigation treatment I1 [irrigation at 3 cm depth at 10 mm cumulative pan evaporation (CPE)]. The root length was the highest for rain fed control (I7). Among the mulches, live mulching with cowpea (M2) recorded the highest root length and root shoot ratio. The treatments and their interaction had a significant influence on soil moisture. Irrigation at 3 cm depth at 10 mm CPE, live mulching with cowpea and their interaction recorded the highest consumptive use. The highest water use efficiency was recorded by the treatment irrigation at 2 cm depth at 20 mm CPE (I5) and live mulching with cowpea (M2).

scholarly journals Hydraulic investigation of the impact of retrofitting floating treatment wetlands in retention ponds

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 1476-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sher Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib ◽  
Mudasser Muneer Khan ◽  
Bruce W. Melville ◽  
Asaad Y. Shamseldin
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Retention Pond ◽  
Retention Ponds ◽  
Floating Treatment Wetlands ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stormwater Retention

Abstract This paper describes the laboratory experimental investigations undertaken to analyse the influence of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) on the hydraulic performance of a stormwater retention pond. Two experimental series were conducted, each focussed on investigating the influence of placing an FTW in a pond with firstly the inflow entering the retention pond from an inlet positioned 0.25 m offset from the longitudinal axis of the pond, and secondly the inlet positioned at the longitudinal axis of the pond. For both series of experiments, tests were undertaken at 1 l/s and 1.5 l/s, and with and without an artificial FTW installed. This study is the first to investigate the hydraulic impact of FTWs and their root systems on the performance of stormwater retention ponds. The results presented in this study suggest that FTWs are a viable method to minimise hydraulic inefficiencies, thereby increasing retention time and optimising hydraulic performance of stormwater retention ponds. The results highlight the importance of plant root characteristics. The optimal arrangement of root length is LR/DP = 0.5, where LR = root length and DP = pond depth. The results also indicate that the spatial variability of vegetation has a significant impact on the hydraulic performance of the pond.

scholarly journals Comparison of some physiological responces to salinity and normal conditions in Sugar Beet 

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Khorshid ◽  
F.A. Moghadam ◽  
I. Bernousi ◽  
S. Khayamim ◽  
A. Rajabi
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Saline Condition ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Total Dry Weight

This study was carried out in the Agricultural Research Center of West Azerbaijan, Iran in 2016. In this research, variations in different physiological and yield traits measurement of total dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, relative water content, relative water loss, root length, leaf area, root/shoot ratio, specific leaf weigh, sodium content, potassium content and proline were investigated in normal and saline condition. The results indicated that in saline condition, total dry weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root/Shoot ratio, specific leaf weight, root length, proline and Na content were increased and the other traits were decreased. Study of correlation of traits showed that most significant difference between the two conditions was observed for the root/shoot ratio, so that, this trait has negative significant relation with total dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, relative water content, leaf area, root length, specific leaf weight in saline condition, but in normal condition correlation is positive and significant only in the total dry weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root dray weight and was not significant in the other traits. Step-wise regression analysis for total dry weight as dependent variable revealed that in normal condition, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight and Na content expound of 93.1% and in saline condition root fresh weight, root length, Na content and proline explicate of 81.3% of total variation exist in total dry weight. Therefore, it is suggested to consider different traits in breeding programs for normal and saline conditions.

Growth and development of ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) seedlings on different humus types under a closed forest canopy

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lust ◽  
G. Zahedi
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Fraxinus Excelsior ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Foliage Development

In  Sep. 1995, in stands with ash and oak - beech, 116 two to four-year-old ash (Fraxinus    excelsior L.) seedlings were selected in 12  plots in order to assess collar diameter growth,    number of leaves, branches and growth flushes (episodes) per seedling,  produced during the next two years. At the same time, 30 seedlings were selected to measure the root length and    the root: shoot ratio. Seedlings were growing on different levels of soil  fertility (humus types of    typical mull, acid mull and mull moder), under a dense canopy (2.5% light  intensity).    The investigation reveals that, under the high shade of the stands, the  length of roots as well as    root: shoot ratio is greater on more fertile sites (typical mull and acid  mull), than on less fertile    site (mull moder). However, the mean root length of the seedlings in this  deciduous forest never    reaches 9 cm, presenting a limited growth on the various humus types and a  rather low stability    in the thick litter layer on the mull moder humus type. There are no  significant differences (P <    0.05) in growth and foliage development of the seedlings produced on the  different humus    types. After 2 growing seasons, the mean diameter increment does not exceed  0.6 mm. The    mean number of branches and leaves increases respectively with 1 and 4-5  units per seedling    and that of the growth flushes varies from 2 to 3 units per seedling. As a  whole under the full    canopy, ash seedlings prove a very poor response to the humus types.    The study suggests a proper felling in the closed canopy of the stand in  order to encourage the    growth and foliage development of the ash seedlings growing on the  different humus types.

scholarly journals Soil Organic Matter Content Effects on Apple Root Dynamics

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 842D-842
Author(s):  
Dario Stefanelli* ◽  
Giovambattista Sorrenti ◽  
Ronald L. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Root Dynamics ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Soil organic matter is a critical component which is fundamental in plant growth. Several soil factors are influenced by organic matter such as slow release of nutrients, increased water holding capacity, improved soil physical characteristics and improved environment for soil microorganisms. The aim of this work is to investigate the physical effect of organic matter content in the soil on apple root growth and development. Twenty five two-year old apple trees (Malus domestica, Borkh) cv. `Buckeye Gala' on M.9 NAKB 337 rootstock were planted in completely transparent acrylic boxes. Plants have been grown in a green house to avoid external rain in a complete randomized design. Trees were planted in a sandy-mix soil amended with soil high in organic matter, “muck”, at four incremental levels. Treatments compared were a control (sandy soil with 0% organic matter) and 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% soil organic matter. The amount of water applied by automatic drip irrigation was comparable for all the treatments to avoid high fluctuation of soil moisture on root dynamics. All treatments have been fertilized with the same amount of mineral fertilizer to avoid the nutrition effect on root dynamics. Digital photos of roots were taken to study their dynamics every one to two weeks during a period of five months. Roots have been highlighted with Photoshop and then analyzed with WinRhizo to measure root length, area, lifespan and dynamics. At the end of the growing period plants have been harvested and fresh and dry weight was evaluated to asses the root/shoot ratio. The effects of the treatments on root length, area, lifespan and dynamics, and root/shoot ratio will be discussed.

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