scholarly journals Variation in quality traits of newly developed Serbian wheat cultivars under different environmental conditions of Pannonian plain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Živančev ◽  
Milan Mirosavljević ◽  
Vladimir Aćin ◽  
Vojislava Momčilović ◽  
Sanja Mikić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pannonian Plain ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
End Use ◽  
Set Up

Introduction of new high-yielding wheat cultivars and intensification of high year-to-year variability require an additional update of information about environmental effects on main wheat quality parameters that is lacking for newly released cultivars in Serbia. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of growing seasons on the technological properties of new Serbian wheat cultivars, and to examine the relationships among the quality traits in different growing seasons. The experiment was set up in three growing seasons (2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19). A total of 13 recently developed wheat cultivars in Serbia and five most widespread local cultivars were evaluated to compare differences in end-use quality. Also, the influence of climatic conditions on the technological quality was examined as well as relations among them. Modern Serbian cultivars have improved grain yield but lower technological quality than the widespread Serbian cultivars. Changes in farinograph resistance and degree of softening were related to the differences growing seasons, cultivars and their interaction, while growing seasons had the highest effect on bread volume and extensograph parameters energy and ratio resistance and extensibility variation. Moreover, a strong positive correlation was found between protein content, sedimentation value, wet gluten content and water absorption with extensograph extensibility, and negative correlation with the second parameter of extensograph, ratio of resistance and extensibility. 

scholarly journals Translocation of an arctic seashore plant reveals signs of maladaptation to altered climatic conditions

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10357
Author(s):  
Maria Hällfors ◽  
Susanna Lehvävirta ◽  
Tone Aandahl ◽  
Iida-Maria Lehtimäki ◽  
Lars Ola Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Reciprocal Translocation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Current Range ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The North ◽  
Translocation Experiments ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Measures Of Performance

Ongoing anthropogenic climate change alters the local climatic conditions to which species may be adapted. Information on species’ climatic requirements and their intraspecific variation is necessary for predicting the effects of climate change on biodiversity. We used a climatic gradient to test whether populations of two allopatric varieties of an arctic seashore herb (Primula nutans ssp. finmarchica) show adaptation to their local climates and how a future warmer climate may affect them. Our experimental set-up combined a reciprocal translocation within the distribution range of the species with an experiment testing the performance of the sampled populations in warmer climatic conditions south of their range. We monitored survival, size, and flowering over four growing seasons as measures of performance and, thus, proxies of fitness. We found that both varieties performed better in experimental gardens towards the north. Interestingly, highest up in the north, the southern variety outperformed the northern one. Supported by weather data, this suggests that the climatic optima of both varieties have moved at least partly outside their current range. Further warming would make the current environments of both varieties even less suitable. We conclude that Primula nutans ssp. finmarchica is already suffering from adaptational lag due to climate change, and that further warming may increase this maladaptation, especially for the northern variety. The study also highlights that it is not sufficient to run only reciprocal translocation experiments. Climate change is already shifting the optimum conditions for many species and adaptation needs also to be tested outside the current range of the focal taxon in order to include both historic conditions and future conditions.

scholarly journals Genetic dissection of end‐use quality traits in two widely‐adapted wheat cultivars ‘TAM 111’ and ‘TAM 112’

Crop Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smit Dhakal ◽  
Xiaoxiao Liu ◽  
Audrey Girard ◽  
Chenggen Chu ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
End Use

scholarly journals The Influence of Water and Nitrogen Availability on the Expression of End-Use Quality Parameters of Spring Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yang ◽  
Xi Liang ◽  
Jessica Torrion ◽  
Olga Walsh ◽  
Katherine O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
End Use ◽  
Mild Drought

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain quality is determined by multiple physical and chemical attributes. However, previous studies mainly focused on protein quantity and composition, which may not be adequate for understanding grain quality, especially end-use quality. Field experiments were conducted at two locations for two years to better understand how and to what extent water and nitrogen (N) availability affect flour end-use quality. Four drought stress levels (i.e., mild, moderate, severe, and well-watered) and four N rates (i.e., zero, low, medium, and high) were applied to two spring wheat cultivars (i.e., Dayn and Egan). Evaluated end-use quality traits, including milling quality, mixograph parameters, flour protein and gluten contents, solvent retention capacity (SRC), and baking quality. Most end-use quality parameters were not significantly different between the well-watered treatment and mild drought stress in both cultivars. Nitrogen availability above the low rate (168 kg N ha−1) failed to further improve most end-use quality traits in either cultivar. Among all the end-use quality traits, lactic acid SRC may be a reliable indicator of flour end-use quality. These results indicate that mild drought stress (i.e., a 25% reduction in irrigation throughout the growing season) may not negatively affect end-use quality and excessive N fertilization offers minimal improvement in end-use quality. Such information could facilitate the development of irrigation and fertilization guidelines targeting at grain quality.

scholarly journals Effect of Sugar Beet Harvest Date on Its Technological Quality Parameters by Exploratory Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lamiae Alami ◽  
Wafa Terouzi ◽  
Manar Otmani ◽  
Oussama Abdelkhalek ◽  
Souad Salmaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Chemometric Method ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
Irrigated Perimeter

Choice of the harvest date is one of the foundations of vintage quality and good-yield sugar in sugar beet. However, it is difficult to define the harvest date and more precisely the date of maturity of beet roots, in an exact and absolute way. Indeed, maturity is divided into several stages and degrees depending on environmental and climatic conditions such as temperature, precipitation, geographic area, and others. The present study evoked the effect of three harvest dates (at esteemed maturity, 7 days after maturity, and 15 days after maturity) on the technological quality parameters, namely, sucrose, nitrogen, potassium, and sodium, using the most popular chemometric method, principal component analysis (PCA). To do this, samples from the Tadla irrigated perimeter were used. The results of exploratory analyses by the application of PCA clearly showed the influence of harvest date, in an important way, on the three quality parameters, composition of sucrose, potassium, and sodium. But, for nitrogen composition, there were negligible variations between samples.

scholarly journals Translocation of an arctic seashore plant reveals signs of maladaptation to altered climatic conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Hällfors ◽  
S. Lehvävirta ◽  
T.R. Aandahl ◽  
I.-M. Lehtimäki ◽  
L.O. Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Reciprocal Translocation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Current Range ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The North ◽  
Testing Performance ◽  
Translocation Experiments ◽  
Set Up

AbstractOngoing anthropogenic climate change alters the local climatic conditions to which species may be adapted. Information on species’ climatic requirements and their intraspecific variation is necessary for predicting the effects of climate change on biodiversity. We used a climatic gradient to test whether populations of two allopatric varieties of an arctic seashore herb (Primula nutans ssp. finmarchica) show adaptation to their local climates and how a future warmer climate may affect them. Our experimental set-up combined i) a reciprocal translocation within the distribution range of the species with ii) an experiment testing performance of the sampled populations in warmer climatic conditions south of their range. We monitored survival, size, and flowering over four growing seasons as measures of performance and, thus, proxies of fitness. We found that both varieties performed better in experimental gardens towards the north. Interestingly, highest up in the north, the southern variety outperformed the northern one. Supported by weather data, this suggests that the climatic optima of both varieties has moved at least partly outside their current range. Further warming would make the current environments of both varieties even less suitable. We conclude that Primula nutans ssp. finmarchica is already suffering from adaptation-lag due to climate change, and that further warming may be increase this maladaptation, especially for the northern variety. The study also highlights that it is not sufficient to run only reciprocal translocation experiments. Climate change is already shifting the optimum conditions for many species and adaptation needs also to be tested outside the current range of the focal taxon in order to include both historic conditions and future conditions.

scholarly journals The Effect of Year and Irrigation on the Yield Quantity and Quality of the Potato

2006 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Éva Babett Ábrahám ◽  
Eszter Zsom ◽  
Mihály Sárvári
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Year Effect ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University

In Hungary, the growing area of potato area reduced dramatically in the last few decades, additionally we are lagging behind the Western European countries as regards yields and the competitiveness of production is further decreased by the great alternation in yields from year to year, the unpredictable market conditions, bad consumption habits and many times unfortunately the lack of quality products.The ecological and climatic conditions of Hungary are not everywhere suitable for potato, in the area of Debrecen the amount of rainfall was lower, and the monthly average temperature was higher than the requirement of potato in its growing season in 2002 and 2003.The experiment was carried out at the experimental site of the University of Debrecen, Farm and Regional Research Institute, at Látókép. In our experiment we examined the yield and some quality parameters of 8 and 9 medium-early varieties in large parcels in 2002 and 2003 respectively. Out of the examined varieties 3 are of Dutch, and 6 are of Hungarian breeding.The experiment was set up on 49.5 m2 parcels on calcareous chernozem soil after winter wheat as a forecrop in both years. The 9 varieties were examined in 4 repetitions in randomized blocks, out of which two repetitions were irrigated, and two were non-irrigated.We examined the yields of the varieties, the distribution of tubers according to size and their percentages, and the changes in specific parameters of quality and inner content due to irrigation. We studied the dry matter content, the starch content, the under-water mass, the amount of reducing sugars, the colour index of frying and the element contents of tubers.Summing up, it can be stated that among the agrotechnical year effect, variety and irrigation factors have considerable impact on potato yield quality and quantity. On the basis of our results, it can be stated that in potato production variety should be chosen in accordance with the aim of production and technology should be adapted to that specific variety.

Considerations of the technological quality assessment of sugarbeet

2011 ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Pezzi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Interesting Correlation ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
Thick Juice

No real improvement in the technological quality of beet has been recorded over the last 15 years in Northern Italy. Among the possible explanations for the quality stagnation is that the traditional formulae cannot correctly differentiate between sugarbeet varieties which produce thick juice of very high purity. This seems to be connected with the role of potassium. The use of a standard purification procedure gives reliable and accurate data which is immediately comparable with the factory data. Research projects on medium/long term storage are currently being performed by Co.Pro.B., Italy, in cooperation with Syngenta and Beta. Up to now the results have shown that storage of sugarbeet in autumn time in northern Italy is possible provided that suitable varieties and proper handling of the roots are employed. Results obtained in the storage trials are reported. Correlations have been found between quality parameters (purity, color and lime salts) of the purified juice with the glucose content of the raw juice. An interesting correlation is reported between purified juice purity and raw juice purity.

scholarly journals Environment characterization and genomic prediction for end‐use quality traits in soft white winter wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meriem Aoun ◽  
Arron Carter ◽  
Yvonne A. Thompson ◽  
Brian Ward ◽  
Craig F. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
End Use

Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions from monoculture and rotational cropping of corn, soybean and winter wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
C F Drury ◽  
X M Yang ◽  
W D Reynolds ◽  
N B McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Previous Crop

It is well established that nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from agricultural land are influenced by the type of crop grown, the form and amount of nitrogen (N) applied, and the soil and climatic conditions under which the crop is grown. Crop rotation adds another dimension that is often overlooked, however, as the crop residue being decomposed and supplying soluble carbon to soil biota is usually from a different crop than the crop that is currently growing. Hence, the objective of this study was to compare the influence of both the crop grown and the residues from the preceding crop on N2O and CO2 emissions from soil. In particular, N2O and CO2 emissions from monoculture cropping of corn, soybean and winter wheat were compared with 2 -yr and 3-yr crop rotations (corn-soybean or corn-soybean-winter wheat). Each phase of the rotation was measured each year. Averaged over three growing seasons (from April to October), annual N2O emissions were about 3.1 to 5.1 times greater in monoculture corn (2.62 kg N ha-1) compared with either monoculture soybean (0.84 kg N ha-1) or monoculture winter wheat (0.51 kg N ha-1). This was due in part to the higher inorganic N levels in the soil resulting from the higher N application rate with corn (170 kg N ha-1) than winter wheat (83 kg N ha-1) or soybean (no N applied). Further, the previous crop also influenced the extent of N2O emissions in the current crop year. When corn followed corn, the average N2O emissions (2.62 kg N ha-1) were about twice as high as when corn followed soybean (1.34 kg N ha-1) and about 60% greater than when corn followed winter wheat (1.64 kg N ha-1). Monoculture winter wheat had about 45% greater CO2 emissions than monoculture corn or 51% greater emissions than monoculture soybean. In the corn phase, CO2 emissions were greater when the previous crop was winter wheat (5.03 t C ha-1) than when it was soybean (4.20 t C ha-1) or corn (3.91 t C ha-1). Hence, N2O and CO2 emissions from agricultural fields are influenced by both the current crop and the previous crop, and this should be accounted for in both estimates and forecasts of the emissions of these important greenhouse gases. Key words: Denitrification, soil respiration, rotation, crop residue

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