scholarly journals Differences between groundwater fauna in shallow and in deep intergranular aquifers as an indication of different characteristics of habitats and hydraulic connections

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Brancelj ◽  
Uroš Žibrat ◽  
Brigita Jamnik
Keyword(s):  
High Capacity ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Groundwater Fauna ◽  
Hyporheic Zones ◽  
Fauna Composition ◽  
Deep Boreholes ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Different Parts

<p>The fauna in the hyporheic zones of rivers has been relatively well studied but that from the phreatic zone remains comparatively unknown and there are few investigations into deeper intergranular aquifers (over 30 m in depth) due to technical difficulties. Two shallow boreholes of 29 m depth and two deep boreholes of 100 m depth, both near Ljubljana (Slovenia), were sampled more than 30 times between 14 January 2008 and 3 March 2009.  On each occasion 14.4 to 18.0 m<sup>3</sup> of water were abstracted using a high-capacity pump, then filtered by means of a plankton net with a mesh size of 60 µm. Organisms larger than 2 mm were damaged by the pump rotors, but their identification was still possible, while smaller representatives of the Copepoda (Crustacea) passed the rotors without  damage. A near-by artesian borehole was sampled on 6 occasions. Water chemistry, physical properties and faunal composition analyses were carried out for each borehole. A total of 32 taxa, 24 of which were stygobites, were identified. Copepoda alone were represented by 16 species, 15 of which were stygobites. The shallow boreholes differ from the deep boreholes in their higher temperatures and higher concentrations of K<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> ions. The copepod communities in samples from the shallow boreholes differ sharply from those from the deep boreholes. There were also clear differences between shallow boreholes in two aquifers located a few kilometres apart, in physical and chemical characteristics as well as in fauna composition. Taxa with different ecological affinities, collected from groundwater, are indicators of hydraulic connections between different parts of an aquifer as well as of communication between surface and subsurface water bodies. The present study suggests that subterranean fauna, as well as epigean fauna, can provide effective support for classical dye/salt tracing experiments.</p>

scholarly journals Improved chromatic and sensory characteristics of Plavac Mali wines – efficiency of maceration enzymes

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 236-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
IVANA ALPEZA ◽  
KARIN KOVAČEVIĆ GANIĆ ◽  
ANDREJA VANZO ◽  
STANKA HERJAVEC
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Pectolytic Enzymes ◽  
Colour Parameters ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Red Grape ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Better Than

Two commercial enzyme preparations were used in the production of wine from the Croatian autochthonous red grape variety Plavac Mali in order to improve the extraction of polyphenolic components from grapes, chromatic parameters, and sensory quality. During two vintages, the conventional maceration without enzymes was compared with the maceration using products with different characteristics: pectinase with additional cellulase and hemicellulase activity and pectinase with inactive yeast cells. Both products affected polyphenolic extraction and colour parameters: intensity and hue, and ratio between the yellow, red, and blue colour in young wines (2 months after fermentation) and at the moment of bottling (9 months after fermentation). The correlation between anthocyanins and colour intensity was very strong. The expected reduction of quantitative chromatic parameters during aging was confirmed. Significantly better results were observed in wines produced with pectinase, in relation to all analysed physical and chemical parameters. The sensory analysis showed that wines produced with pure pectolytic enzymes were significantly better than those produced without the enzymes. A product of the combination of pectolytic enzymes and inactive yeast cells had a partial influence on the improvement of the phenolic and sensory quality. The overall quality was significantly more expressed in wines produced with pectolytic enzymes, especially in young wines.

scholarly journals Laju Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp Melalui Budidaya IMTA (Integrated Multi Trophic Aquaculture) di Pantai Geger, Nusa Dua, Kabupaten Badung, Bali

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Kadek Yudiastuti ◽  
I Gusti Bagus Sila Dharma ◽  
Ni Luh Putu Ria Puspitha
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Seaweed Cultivation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Chemical Water

Gracilaria sp is red alga which belong to class rhodophyceae. It can grow in shallow salt water with a general characteristic is having a cylindrical and branched thallus form. Seaweed cultivation can be performed through IMTA (Integrated Multi Trophic Aquaculture) method. The basic principle of cultivation through the IMTA method is utilizing service of the low thropic level species in marine ecosystems, such as shells and seaweed.  This method is believed to be able to overcome the environmental problems caused by cultivation activities, such as feces and uneaten feed. This research was perfomed 45 days, from February 25 to April 11, 2017. It was held at Geger Beach, Nusa Dua, Badung Regency, Bali, using a complete randomized design method that consist of three treatments and three repetition for each treatment. Treatment control (T1) consisted of 10 bunches of seaweed 100 grams without the abalone, treatement 2 (T2) consisted of 10 bunches of seaweed 100 grams and 20 abalones and treatement 3 (T3) consisted of 10 bunches of seaweed 100 grams and 40 abalones. The result showed that specific growth rate in Gracilaria sp.  was highest in treatment T1, compared to treatment T2 and T3. This was caused by the cage construction of abalone amd the present of small mesh size net to cover the seaweed  planting, which made the growth was not optimal.  However, the use of a nets system in seaweed cultivation could minimize the loss of thallus. It was proved by the survival rate of seaweed in first, second and third, that is averagely high, ranging from 90% to 100%. Physical and chemical water quality parameters are also measured, and It showed that the water quality was suitable for the cultivation of both, seaweed and abalone.

scholarly journals Environmental quality evaluation of lakes in the Rio Grande do Sul coastal plain

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina da Silva Pedrozo ◽  
Odete Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Physical And Chemical Variables ◽  
Environmental Element ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Town

The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the environmental quality of Marcelino, Pinguela, Peixoto, Palmital, Malvas and Do Passo lakes, interconnected by canals and located in the district of Osório, RS. In this context, 29 physical and chemical variables were analyzed with sampling carried out in January, May, July and October 1997 to verify the environmental quality of the system and the existence of a gradient of quality. Canonical Analysis was applied to the data of all environmental variables measured, and showed that the lakes had different characteristics as a consequence of the organic pollution received. Marcelino lake received continuous input of organic matter from the sewage treatment works in the town of Osório, whereas Peixoto, Pinguela, Palmital, Malvas and Do Passo lakes resembled other water bodies described in the region, not showing, so far, signs of degradation caused by the input of effluents. Principal Component Analysis selected environmental element were directly linked to organic pollution, that reflected sequential non-recent effects of contamination.

scholarly journals Screening of Epiphytic Algae on the Aquatic Plant Phragmites australis inhabiting Tigris River in Al-Jadria Site, Baghdad, Iraq

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
New Records ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Epiphytic Algae ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Different Parts

The present work included qualitative study of epiphytic algae on dead and living stems, leaves of the aquatic plant Phragmitesaustralis Trin ex Stand, in Tigris River in AL- Jadria Site in Baghdad during Autumn 2014, Winter 2015, Spring 2015, and Summer 2015. The physical and chemical parameters of River’s water were studied (water temperature, pH, electric conductivity, Salinity, TSS, TDS, turbidity, light intensity, dissolve oxygen, BOD5, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium and plant nutrient). A total of 142 isolates of epiphytic algae were identified. Diatoms were dominant by 117 isolates followed by Cyanobacteria (13isolates), Chlorophyta (11 isolates) and Rhodophyta (1 isolate), Variations in the isolates number were recorded on different parts of macrophyte host as well as, indifferent seasons. Eight new algal isolates (Achnanthesexigue var. heterovalvata Krasske, Navicula exilissima Grunow, Navicula falaisiensis var lanceola Grunow, Navicula microcephalo Grunow, Pleurosigma obscurum W. Smith, Stauroneis amphioxys var. amphioxys Gregory, Stenopterobia intermedia Lewis and Audouinella hermannii Roth).were identified as new records.

The Atmosphere: A Very Short Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul I. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Different Parts

The atmosphere is the thin, diffuse fluid that envelops the Earth’s surface. Despite its apparent fragility, the existence of this fluid is vital for human and other life on Earth. The Atmosphere: A Very Short Introduction describes the physical and chemical characteristics of different layers in the atmosphere, and shows how the atmosphere’s interactions with land, ocean, and ice affect these properties. It also looks at how movement in the atmosphere, driven by heat from the Sun, transports heat from lower latitudes to higher latitudes. Finally, it presents an overview of the types of measurements used to understand different parts of the atmosphere, and identifies future challenges in the light of climate change.

scholarly journals Identification and Development of Indicators and Tools to Measure Various kinds of Impacts of Tourism

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 3168-3175
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Multiple Impacts ◽  
Comparative Result ◽  
Tourism Impacts ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Different Parts

Tourism activity is a worldwide phenomenon. It has experienced continued growth over the decades. It has become one of the fastest-developing economic segments. The initiatives of tourism development have an impact on people, local businesses, and the environment. Along with its innumerable positive impacts, it also poses various threats to the local communities. Impacts of tourism have been reviewed from literature and categorized into different categories in this study. Measurement of these impacts helps the planners to manage tourism optimally. It can be done with the aid of indicators. In order to measure these impacts, various tools have evolved from time to time in different parts of the world. The present study explores the potential measuring tools and techniques for different tourism developments, which will enable planners to prepare a framework for the measurement of the impacts of tourism. The purpose and applications of various tools are also identified. The research concludes that different types of tourism have different characteristics. Although it is a challenge to measure qualitative and multiple impacts, there are means to measure these impacts for its comparison. Likert scale is one of the useful tools to measure and compare qualitative as well as quantitative impacts of tourism together. A comparative result is helpful for planners and policymakers to prepare regulatory provisions to intensify tourism impacts positively on the local community.

scholarly journals Soil Layers Properties of a Profile Developed on the Past Depositional Series on Merbabu Volcano Central Java Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nurcholis ◽  
Susila Herlambang ◽  
Sri Aminah Suwartikaningsih ◽  
Dian Fiantis ◽  
Dwi Fitri Yudiantoro
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Black Color

A wide and deep soil profile (around 1200 cm) was observed at Ketep Park West Slope of Merbabu volcano Central Java, Indonesia to identify the soil morphology, physical and, chemical and mineralogical properties.  Results showed that several soil development processes occurred in each volcanic deposits with different characteristics.  Most soil layers met some of andic soil properties criteria such bulk density <0.9 g.cm-3, P retention of >85%, and (Alo + ½ Feo) >2.0%.  A thin melanic material showing black color layer was found at the lower part of the soil profile, i.e. in depth from 726 to 798 cm.  The dominant material in most soil layers is an allophane.  Minerals in the sand fraction were dominated by labradorite and augite, with some layers were hypersthene and green hornblende.

scholarly journals Immobilization of laccase from Trametes versicolor on Lifetechtm supports for applications in degradation of industrial dyes

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-209
Author(s):  
Jelena Bebic ◽  
Katarina Banjanac ◽  
Marija Corovic ◽  
Ana Milivojevic ◽  
Milica Simovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Enzyme Degradation ◽  
Spacer Arm ◽  
Primary Amino ◽  
Different Characteristics

In this study, immobilization of laccase from Trametes versicolor on eight Lifetech? supports, with different characteristics (pore size, length of the spacer arm and functional groups), was studied and optimized for intended use in bioremediation for decolorization of industrial wastewaters. Out of six tested amino-functionalized supports, the most promising carrier was proved to be porous Lifetech? ECR8309F with primary amino groups and a C2 spacer arm. Onto this support, laccase is attached by forming electrostatic interactions so that the most active preparation has shown the activity of 66876 U/g support. On the other hand, during immobilization of laccase on epoxy-functionalized Lifetech? ECR8285F, via hydrophobic interactions and covalent bonding confirmed by a desorption assay, immobilization yield of 60 % and the activity of 118929 U/g were accomplished. Furthermore, immobilized enzyme on this support showed high capacity for decolorization of dyes (Lanaset? Violet B, Lanaset? Blue 2R, bromothymol blue and bromocresol green), by combination of both adsorption and enzyme degradation. Decolorization was in the range of 88 to 96 % after 4 h, with more than 80 % achieved after only 45 min. Also, this preparation demonstrated high operational stability during seven consecutive reuses in all examined dye reaction systems.

Design and Application of Secondary High-Capacity Support to Large-Section Tunnel Excavated in High-Stress Condition with Fractured Surrounding Rock

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 1777-1784
Author(s):  
Xin Ming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Lateral Pressure ◽  
High Stress ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Surrounding Rock ◽  
Large Section ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
High Stress Condition

Aimed at the support problem of the deep large-section tunnel excavated in high-stress condition with fractured surrounding rock, the different characteristics of the stresses and displacements of the surrounding rock of the tunnel with different section supports and lateral pressure coefficients were analyzed using numerical simulation and theoretical calculation, so was the effect of the height of the double-layered I-section beam on the bearing capacity. Arched with bottom arch superimposed and fully-closed I-section beam suitable for large-section tunnel excavated in high-stress condition with fractured surrounding rock was developed. This support applies fully-closed and horse-shoe shaped structure with I-section beam overlapped and welded and its bearing capacity is 2.5 times higher than frequently-used I-section beam. Underground field testing showed that the deformation of the surrounding rock could be effectively controlled when the secondary arched with bottom arch superimposed and fully-closed I-section beam of high bearing capacity was used.

METHODS TO FIND COORDINATES OF OIL WELLS – CONTAMINATORS OF THE ENVIRONMENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Ya. M. Semchuk ◽  
H. D. Lialiuk-Viter ◽  
G. M. Kryvenko
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Oil Wells ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Natural Flow ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
And Chemical Properties

We have analyzed methods that are used to locate oil wells which pollute subsurface water. The main method to find coordinates is to run indicators in a well. It has been found out that a substance which would be absent in natural water should be selected among the range of chemical indicators. The selection of certain dyes is determined by physical and chemical properties of aquifers in order to eliminate sorption and dispersion processes. Two types of field research are recommended. The first scheme involves putting of the indicator into the well under conditions of natural flow, and the second scheme is the injection of substance into the well. The article points out the drawbacks of this method. It has also examined hydro chemical method to determine the coordinates which is based on the chemical analysis of samples taken from wells. We have also analyzed the method which uses hydrodynamic research to determine sources of contamination of aquifers. That is to disturb static equilibrium in the aquifer by intensive sample taking from the well which is the contamination source.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document