scholarly journals Identification and Development of Indicators and Tools to Measure Various kinds of Impacts of Tourism

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 3168-3175
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Multiple Impacts ◽  
Comparative Result ◽  
Tourism Impacts ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Different Parts

Tourism activity is a worldwide phenomenon. It has experienced continued growth over the decades. It has become one of the fastest-developing economic segments. The initiatives of tourism development have an impact on people, local businesses, and the environment. Along with its innumerable positive impacts, it also poses various threats to the local communities. Impacts of tourism have been reviewed from literature and categorized into different categories in this study. Measurement of these impacts helps the planners to manage tourism optimally. It can be done with the aid of indicators. In order to measure these impacts, various tools have evolved from time to time in different parts of the world. The present study explores the potential measuring tools and techniques for different tourism developments, which will enable planners to prepare a framework for the measurement of the impacts of tourism. The purpose and applications of various tools are also identified. The research concludes that different types of tourism have different characteristics. Although it is a challenge to measure qualitative and multiple impacts, there are means to measure these impacts for its comparison. Likert scale is one of the useful tools to measure and compare qualitative as well as quantitative impacts of tourism together. A comparative result is helpful for planners and policymakers to prepare regulatory provisions to intensify tourism impacts positively on the local community.

scholarly journals Rurality and education relations: Metro-centricity and local values in rural communities and rural schools

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Beach ◽  
Monica Johansson ◽  
Elisabet Öhrn ◽  
Maria Rönnlund ◽  
Rosvall Per-Åke
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Educational Implications ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Residual Space ◽  
Rural Context ◽  
Different Parts

Based on ethnographic fieldwork in six different types of rural area and their schools in different parts of Sweden, this article identifies how rural schools relate to the local place and discusses some of the educational implications from this. Recurrent references to the local community were present in some schools and people there explicitly positioned themselves in the local rural context and valorised rurality positively in education exchanges, content and interactions, with positive effects on young people’s experiences of participation and inclusion. These factors tended to occur in sparsely populated areas. An emphasis on nature and its value as materially vital in people’s lives was present as was a critique of middle-class metrocentricity. Such values and critique seemed to be absent in other areas, where rurality was instead often represented along the metrocentric lines of a residual space in modernizing societies.

The Perceived Impacts of Sport Tourism: An Urban Host Community Perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Hritz ◽  
Craig Ross
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Sport Tourism ◽  
Tourism Impacts ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Perceived Impacts ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Social Environmental

Sport tourism is one of the fastest growing market segments in the tourism industry and is receiving increased attention for its social, environmental, and economic impacts upon destinations. Prior research in tourism impacts has tended to focus exclusively on tourism as a whole and does not differentiate among the different types of tourism that may be present in a destination. The purpose of this study was to examine how residents of Indianapolis, Indiana perceived the impacts sport tourism has upon their city. A total of 347 surveys were returned in a mailed questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a four factor structure of social benefits, environmental benefits, economic benefits, and general negative impacts. Social and economic benefits were strong predictors for support for further sport tourism development revealing a strong identification with the advantages of sport tourism in their city such as an increased cultural identity and social interaction opportunities.

Ground Transport for an Air Organisation

1928 ◽  
Vol 32 (211) ◽  
pp. 596-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. H. Allen
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Similar Magnitude ◽  
Ground Vehicles ◽  
Royal Air Force ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Aerial Transport ◽  
Different Parts

Probably few realise that a self–contained organisation for maintaining an air fleet would need many more different types of ground vehicles than aircraft. This is true in the case of the Royal Air Force even if all vehicles of a purely military nature are excluded. It is highly probable that a civilian air organisation of similar magnitude would have fewer types of aircraft, but if it were to be self–contained and operate in different parts of the globe, it could not do with many less types of ground vehicles than the R.A.F. finds necessary.Obviously this depends on the interpretation of the term “self–contained.” Most of the small aerial transport companies have their own ground transport organisations, but they are far from being self–contained in the sense in which the author wishes to use the term to–night. We would all like to see a vast civilian air organisation operating in and between all the different units which comprise the British Empire. Nothing would do more to knit us and the Dominions and Colonies into one impregnable whole.

scholarly journals Die Gattung Erratencrinurus Krueger, 1971 (Trilobita; Ordovizium) aus baltoskandischen Geschieben

Fossil Record ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-132
Author(s):  
H.-H. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Late Ordovician ◽  
Middle Ordovician ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Single Spine ◽  
Pore Canals ◽  
Different Parts

Aus der mittel- bis oberordovizischen Trilobitenfamilie Encrinuridae, die in Baltoskandia durch die Untergattungen <i>Erratencrinurus</i> und <i>Celtencrinurus</i> repräsentiert wird, werden achtzehn Arten beschrieben, darunter die vier neuen Arten <i>Erratencrinurus (E.) sellinensis, E. (E.) heinrichi, E. (E.) praecapricornu</i> und <i>E. (E.) rhebergeni</i>. Das überwiegende Material stammt aus dem schwer zu präparierenden Ostseekalk. Die Tripp'sche Tuberkelformel wurde der <i>Erratencrinurus</i>-Gruppe angepasst; innerhalb der <i>Erratencrinurus</i>-Gruppe können drei verschiedene Schilder-Typen des scutum rostrale nachgewiesen werden. Unterschiedliche Tuberkeltypen bis hin zu extremen Stacheln wurden beschrieben. Außerdem kann eine Reduzierung von drei Thoraxialstacheln im Mittelordovizium zu einem im oberen Oberordovizium festgestellt werden. Verschiedene Regionen des Panzers von <i>Erratencrinurus (E.) sellinensis</i>, die Porenkanäle besitzen, werden dargestellt. Ein neuer Häutungstyp kann an Panzerhemden von <i>Erratencrinurus (E.) seebachi</i> beschrieben werden. <br><br> In Baltoscandia the Middle to Late Ordovician trilobite family <i>Encrinurida</i> is represented by the two subgenera <i>Erratencrinurus</i> and <i>Celtencrinurus</i>. Out of these 18 species, four new species are described herein. Most of the material comes from the Ostseekalk which is an extremely hard rock and thus difficult to preparate. The tubercle formula after Tripp is applied to the <i>Erratencrinurus</i> group and led to the distinction of three different types of scutum rostrale shields. Various types of tubercles which may even pass into extreme spines are described. The number of thoracic spines becomes reduced from three spines in Middle Ordovician taxa to a single spine in youngest Ordovician species. Different parts of the carapace of <i>Erratencrinurus sellinensis</i> with pore canals are illustrated and a new moulting type of E. <i>seebachi</i> is introduced. New species are <i>E. sellinensis. E. heinrichi, E. praecapricornu and E. (E.) rhebergeni.</i> <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.20040070106" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.20040070106</a>

Analysis of Computer Malware and Common Attacks

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Andreea-Ioana FRĂȚILĂ
Keyword(s):  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Security Organizations

Technological evolution comes the progress of cybercrime, which continually develops new attack types, tools and techniques that allow attackers to penetrate more complex or well-controlled environments and produce increased damage and even remain untraceable. This paper provides in two different chapters an overview of techniques for analyzing, classifying the malware and different attack types and presents measures that each company must implement in order to ensure security. Organizations need to understand and protect themselves from many different types of threat actors, so it is valuable to know a little about them, their attributes, and the types of attacks they are likely to launch.

Zingen over branden, scheepsrampen en grote buitenlandse catastrofes, 1755-1918

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-293
Author(s):  
Lotte Jensen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Local Community ◽  
National Level ◽  
International Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Solidarity ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Singing about fires, ship wrecks and major international catastrophes between 1755 and 1918 Local, national and international solidarity This article focuses on Dutch songs about three different kind of disasters in the period 1755-1918: fires (which occurred in Dutch villages and cities), ship wrecks (both in the Netherlands and abroad) and other foreign catastrophes, such as the earthquake on Martinique (1839) or the floods in Mexico (1888). This popular genre is an important source to understand how people coped with disasters in the past. They were not only used to spread the news, but also to make sense of the events by offering moral and religious lessons. This article investigates how these different types of disaster songs could shape a shared sense of community on the local, national and international level. While songs about fires were often directed at the local community, ballads about shipwrecks appealed to the imagined Dutch community. Songs about big disasters in foreign places, sometimes aimed at raising international solidarity, but they were more often used to strengthen communal feelings at the national level.

Formation of Part Families for Shared Setups Generation in Sheet Metal Bending

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyandra K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Setup Planning ◽  
Planning Techniques ◽  
Individual Part ◽  
Part Families ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sheet Metal Bending ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract Sheet metal bending press-brakes can be setup to produce more than one type of parts without requiring a setup change. To exploit this flexibility, we need setup planning techniques to generate press-brake setups that can be shared among many different parts. In this paper, we describe an algorithm which partitions a given set of parts into setup compatible part families which can be produced on the same setup. Our algorithm is based on a two step approach. The first step is to identify setup constraints for each individual part. The second step is to form setup-compatible part families based on the compatibility of setup constraints. We expect that by producing many different types of parts on the same setup, we can significantly reduce the required number of setups and enable cost effective small batch manufacturing.

Characterization of microneedles and microchannels for enhanced transdermal drug delivery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashana Puri ◽  
Hiep X Nguyen ◽  
Akeemat O Tijani ◽  
Ajay K Banga
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Tools And Techniques

Microneedle (MN)-based technologies are currently one of the most innovative approaches that are being extensively investigated for transdermal delivery of low molecular weight drugs, biotherapeutic agents and vaccines. Extensive research reports, describing the fabrication and applications of different types of MNs, can be readily found in the literature. Effective characterization tools to evaluate the quality and performance of the MNs as well as for determination of the dimensional and kinetic properties of the microchannels created in the skin, are an essential and critical part of MN-based research. This review paper provides a comprehensive account of all such tools and techniques.

scholarly journals Floral Consumption Values for Consumer Groups with Different Purchase Choices for Flowers

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Chun Huang ◽  
Tzu-Fang Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Evaluative Judgments ◽  
Consumption Values ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Commercial Communication ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship

Consumption values are theoretically believed to be the antecedents of the outcomes of consumer purchase choice. In the floral market, even though the context of floral consumption values has been explored, the relationship between floral consumption values and consumer's purchase choice regarding floral products remains unknown. This study, however, seeks to address this deficiency by attempting to evaluate the differences in floral consumption values across consumer groups that have different purchase choices for floral products. After collecting data from a consumer survey, which yielded 615 valid questionnaires, the statistical results indicated that consumers who revealed different purchase choices in regard to flowers had different floral consumption values. In descending order, showing care to others, emotion conditioning, and sensory hedonics were the floral consumption values most strongly recognized by the majority of the consumers. However, heavy users of flowers revealed different characteristics in that they more strongly recognized the psychological value of emotion conditioning rather than the social value of showing care to others. The main difference across consumer groups that had purchased flowers with different frequencies or that preferred to buy different types of flowers had to do with the epistemic value (i.e., curiosity fulfillment). The results of this study imply that consumers who have different choice behavior toward flowers possess different evaluative judgments in regard to floral products. Such differences not only lead consumers to have different purchase choices in regard to flowers, but are also very likely to influence the consumer's behavior in regard to information search and variety seeking in the floral market, which in turn, impacts the effectiveness of commercial communication in the floral market.

Post-Disruption Performance Recovery to Enhance Resilience of Interconnected Network Systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Wu ◽  
Pingfeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Disruption Management ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
Performance Recovery ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Failure Restoration ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Disruption Recovery

Abstract Mitigating the effect of potential disruptive events at the operating phase of an engineered system therefore improving the system’s failure resilience is an importance yet challenging task in system operation. For complex networked system, different stakeholders complicate the analysis process by introducing different characteristics, such as different types of material flow, storage, response time, and flexibility. With different types of systems, the resilience can be improved by enhancing the failure restoration capability of the systems with appropriate performance recovery strategies. These methods include but not limit to, rerouting paths, optimal repair sequence and distributed resource centers. Considering different characteristics of disruptive events, effective recovery strategies for the failure restoration must be selected correspondingly. However, the challenge is to develop a generally applicable framework to optimally coordinate different recovery strategies and thus lead to desirable failure restoration performances. This paper presents a post-disruption recovery decision-making framework for networked systems, to help decision-makers optimize recovery strategies, in which the overall recovery task is formulated as an optimization problem to achieve maximum resilience. A case study of an electricity distribution system is used to demonstrate the feasibility of the developed framework and the comparison of several recovery strategies for disruption management.

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