scholarly journals The prevalent anxiety disorders among elementary students in Bandung, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanti Niman ◽  
Deo Kumala Dewa ◽  
Maria Yunita Indriarini
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
School Level ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Stage Of Development

Background: Anxiety constitutes one of the most prevalent childhood mental health problems. It affects social functions, academic functions and increases the risk of mental health problems at the next stage of development among elementary school children. Besides, psychopathologic disorders in teenagers appear in form of emotional symptoms. Early anxiety screening is important for elementary students as anxiety disorders incur huge financial treatment costs, meanwhile, related data are needed to provide early and adequate interventions. This study is expected to be the basis for developing mental health programs at the elementary school level. Furthermore, aims to identify types of anxiety disorders among grade 4 and 5 students at the elementary level. Design and Methods: The study was conducted using a quantitative method with a descriptive design. Meanwhile, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) model consisting of 41 questions was used, while the instrument’s Reliability and Validity was 0.81 and 0.67 respectively. A total of 135 students from the private elementary schools participated in this study.Results: Among the 135 elementary students aged 10 to 11, 48.9% were males while 51.1% were females, 79.3% had anxiety consisting of generalized anxiety 40%, panic disorder 48.1%, separation anxiety 40%, social anxiety 65.9%, while 28.9% experienced school avoidance.Conclusions: Based on the results, health workers, teachers and parents need to work together to manage anxiety in elementary students. In addition, nurses as health workers at community primary health need to work together with counselling and guidance teachers to provide preventive and promotive interventions through the school's mental health services.

Increasing Trends in Physical and Mental Health Problems among US Workers in Different Job Sectors During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-102
Author(s):  
Gopal K Singh ◽  
Hyunjung Lee ◽  
Romuladus E. Azuine
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
The Self ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Government

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial adverse impact on workers’ employment and physical and mental health. However, job losses, job-related household income shocks, and their related physical and mental health problems have not been well-documented. Using temporal, nationally representative data, this study examines inequalities in job-related income losses and their resultant health impact among US workers aged 18-64 years in different job sectors during the pandemic. Methods: Using April, August, and December 2020 rounds of the US Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey (N=56,156, 82,173, and 51,500), job-related income losses among workers in various job sectors and associated impacts on self-assessed health, depression, anxiety, worry, and lack of interest were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression. Results: In December 2020, 64.0% of self-employed and 66.3% of unemployed adults reported that they or someone in their household experienced a loss of employment income since the start of the pandemic in March 2020. This percentage was the lowest for the public sector (35.2%) and non-profit-sector (45.0%) workers. Job/income losses increased by 26% between April and December for workers in the private and non-profit sectors. Prevalence of fair/poor overall health, serious depression, serious anxiety, serious worry, and serious lack of interest increased substantially during the pandemic for workers in all sectors, with the self-employed, those in the family business, and the unemployed experiencing the highest risk and those in the government/public and non-profit sectors experiencing the lowest risk of poor physical and mental health. Workers in all sectors reporting job-related income losses experienced approximately 2-to-4-fold higher odds of poor overall health, serious depression, serious anxiety, serious worry, and serious lack of interest, compared to public-sector workers with no job/income losses, controlling for covariates. Conclusion and Implications for Translation: Job-related income losses and prevalence of poor overall health and mental health among workers in all sectors increased markedly during the pandemic, with the self-employed, family business, and unemployed workers being especially vulnerable to poor health, depression, anxiety, and stress.   Copyright © 2021 Singh, et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

scholarly journals Sustained Neglect in Mental Health during Nepal’s Crises

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Raj Mishra ◽  
Pratik Khanal ◽  
Vishnu Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Mental Health Policy ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Mental Health Training

Conflict in Nepal seems never resolving and the current generation has grown up in the environment of armed and political conflict characterized by indiscriminate killing, violent demonstration and widespread hostility. Adding to agony, the April 2015 earthquake left two million homeless and the 2015 Indo-Nepal economic blockade has created hostility among different community ethnic groups. With such background, this commentary highlights issues related to conflict, disaster and their relation to mental health. We also identify some gaps in existing health system, medical education and current focus on preventive approach to mental health. Mental health policy was endorsed in 1996; however, the policy has never been implemented in the fullest sense. Psychiatric services are provided by tertiary hospitals with no linkage to community-level primary health care services. Medical training still lacks mental health training at basic cadres of health workers and only small number of seats is allocated for post-graduate degree. Nepal continue to experience conflicts and disasters possibly leading to an increased burden of mental health problems and its health system is further distressed by the increasing gaps in provision of mental health service. With the devastating effect of the April 2015 earthquake, there is even higher need of serious effort to treat and prevent mental health problems with evidence-though limited depicting increase in burden of mental health problems. The state should stop putting half-hearted response to mental health problems and put more effort on long-term sustainable and culturally suitable solutions.Keywords: conflict, mental health, Nepal

scholarly journals Revising the self-report strengths and difficulties questionnaire for cross-country comparisons of adolescent mental health problems: the SDQ-R

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Duinhof ◽  
K. M. Lek ◽  
M. E. de Looze ◽  
A. Cosma ◽  
J. Mazur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Cross Country

Abstract Aims The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) has been used in many epidemiological studies to assess adolescent mental health problems, but cross-country comparisons of the self-report SDQ are scarce and so far failed to find a good-fitting, common, invariant measurement model across countries. The present study aims to evaluate and establish a version of the self-report SDQ that allows for a valid cross-country comparison of adolescent self-reported mental health problems. Methods Using the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, the measurement model and measurement invariance of the 20 items of the self-report SDQ measuring adolescent mental health problems were evaluated. Nationally representative samples of 11-, 13- and 15-year old adolescents (n = 33 233) from seven countries of different regions in Europe (Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovenia) were used. Results In order to establish a good-fitting and common measurement model, the five reverse worded items of the self-report SDQ had to be removed. Using this revised version of the self-report SDQ, the SDQ-R, partial measurement invariance was established, indicating that latent factor means assessing conduct problems, emotional symptoms, peer relationships problems and hyperactivity-inattention problems could be validly compared across the countries in this study. Results showed that adolescents in Greece scored relatively low on almost all problem subscales, whereas adolescents in Poland scored relatively high on almost all problem subscales. Adolescents in the Netherlands reported the most divergent profile of mental health problems with the lowest levels of conduct problems, low levels of emotional symptoms and peer relationship problems, but the highest levels of hyperactivity-inattention problems. Conclusions With six factor loadings being non-invariant, partial measurement invariance was established, indicating that the 15-item SDQ-R could be used in our cross-country comparison of adolescent mental health problems. To move the field of internationally comparative research on adolescent mental health forward, studies should test the applicability of the SDQ-R in other countries in- and outside Europe, continue to develop the SDQ-R as a cross-country invariant measure of adolescent mental health, and examine explanations for the found country differences in adolescent mental health problems.

scholarly journals The social gradient in adolescent mental health: mediated or moderated by belief in a just world?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dom Weinberg ◽  
gonneke stevens ◽  
Margot Peeters ◽  
Kirsten Visser ◽  
Jet Tigchelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Social Gradient ◽  
Just World ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Peer Problems ◽  
Family Wealth ◽  
The Social

Purpose. A social gradient in adolescent mental health exists: adolescents with higher so-cioeconomic status (SES) have fewer mental health problems than their peers with lower SES. Little is known about whether adolescents’ societal beliefs play a role in this social gradient. Belief in a just world (BJW) may be a mediator or moderator of the social gradient in adolescent mental health.Methods. Using data from 1,130 adolescents (Mage = 17) in the Netherlands, path analyses examined whether two indicators of BJW (general and personal) mediated or moderated the associations between two indicators of SES (family affluence and perceived family wealth), and four indicators of adolescent mental health problems (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity and peer problems).Results. Adolescents with lower perceived family wealth reported more emotional symp-toms and peer problems, and these associations were partly mediated by lower personal and general BJW. Furthermore, higher personal BJW amplified the negative association be-tween SES and peer problems.Conclusion. This study suggests BJW may both mediate and amplify the social gradient in adolescent mental health. Adolescents’ beliefs about society may be important to include in research aimed at understanding this social gradient.

Health worker confidence in diagnosing and treating mental health problems in Papua New Guinea

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty E. Koka ◽  
Frank P. Deane ◽  
Gordon Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Mental Health Training

Confidence in identifying different diagnostic categories of mental disorders by general health workers who provide the bulk of Papua New Guinea's (PNG) mental health care is vital for the country's provision of mental health care. Making a psychiatric diagnosis is complicated by PNG's diverse culture and estimated 800 distinct languages. These cultural-linguistic factors influence help-seeking behaviour and continued use of traditional treatment despite the introduction of western approaches to mental health care. The aim of this study was to determine the confidence of health workers in identifying and diagnosing different categories of mental health problems in this complex environment. A sample of 209 Papua New Guinea health workers from four geographic regions completed a questionnaire that assessed background levels of training and confidence in diagnosing a range of modern and culture specific diagnoses. Overall, respondents reported relatively little prior mental health training. Consistent with this were the relatively low levels of confidence for culture specific diagnoses (e.g. sorcery), but significantly higher levels of confidence with modern diagnoses (e.g. depression). The implications of the findings for training and provision of mental health care are discussed.

Psychosocial and Mental Health Problems of Older People in Postearthquake Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh P. Adhikari ◽  
Nawaraj Upadhaya ◽  
Sasmita Paudel ◽  
Ruja Pokhrel ◽  
Nagendra Bhandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older People ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Mental Health Programs

Objective: To identify community perceptions on psychosocial and mental health problems of older people in postearthquake situation in Nepal. Method: A qualitative methodology was adopted to explore the experience and opinions of older people, social workers, school teachers, health workers, and nongovernmental organization workers on the psychosocial and mental health problems of older people in Nepal, using key informant interviews. Results: Major local vocabulary for older peoples’ psychosocial and mental health problems were “bichalan” (variation in mood and feeling), “ekohoro” (becoming single minded), “athmabiswasko kami” (low self-esteem), and “bina karan rune” (crying without any reason). The major causes attributed to older people’s problems were physical injury, disability, family conflict, and economic problems. Forgetfulness, tiredness, loss of concentration, restlessness, and isolation were observed in older people since the 2015 earthquake. Discussion: The findings suggest that earthquake had negative impact on older people’s psychosocial well-being; however, little support or treatment options have been made available to these individuals. The tailor-made community-based psychosocial and mental health programs for older people are needed.

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