scholarly journals L’amore e la sessualità: valore e significato

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana Gotia

Alla luce dell’Enciclica di Papa Benedetto XVI , Deus Caritas est, l’articolo cerca di mostrare che il desiderio umano di essere amato per se stesso e di amare profondamente non è un’utopia, ma, se segue un cammino di armonizzazione e di guarigione, diventa veramente atto a rendere l’eros non solo forte nel tempo, ma anche bello, perché integro e pieno. Si tratta infatti di un cammino nel quale lo sguardo della persona diventa limpido e capace di vedere nella carne la persona dell’altro, in grado di unificare i vari vissuti destati nell’amore – l’attrazione sessuale, l’emozione, la scelta della volontà, il ragionamento – in un agire sempre rivolto al bene vero dell’altro. Se invece questi elementi preziosi immanenti dell’amore non custoditi congiunti, l’eros non è soltanto impoverito, ma è minacciato dalla disintegrazione morale. L’uomo ha bisogno di trovare quelle vie di unificazione, di armonizzazione del vissuto amoroso, che sono le virtù, soprattutto la virtù della castità. Le virtù umane sono veri serbatoi di quelle maestrie interne che ci aiutano a trovare la qualità nell’amore, a tendere alla sua pienezza ed eccellenza. Le virtù non ci rendono immuni o opachi al reale, non ci tolgono quella vulnerabilità ontologica rispetto al mondo e alle persone. Esse ci aiutano invece a sradicare quella malattia che ci disintegra moralmente e ci lascia soli con le nostre fragilità, che diventano poi ferite non guarite che ci immergono nel dramma dell’eros frammentato, che non potrà mai raggiungere ciò che promette. L’amore umano armonizzato è un eros toccato e rinato dall’Eterno, che abbraccia il tempo e trova in esso il modo prediletto di costruire un amore forte, genialmente creativo, giusto, senza negare la propria corporeità. L’agape non distrugge l’eros, ma lo custodisce e lo esalta, offrendoci dunque quella libertà autentica necessaria per amare: per amare nella differenza, rispondendo al dono con il dono di noi stessi e accogliendo la fecondità dell’amore vero che non è mai sterile. ---------- In the light of Pope Benedict the XVIth’s Deus Caritas est, the article seeks to show that man’s desire to be profoundly loved for himself and to love is not a utopian one; if it follows a path of healing and of harmonization with the other goals of human life, this desire becomes whole and complete, thus permeating and rendering human eros strong and beautiful. It is a path that leads and helps the person to achieve a limpid gaze, capable of seeing the person in the flesh of the beloved, unifying the various elements the make up the rich experience of love – sexual attraction, emotions, the will’s choice, reason – within an action that is ordered towards the true good of the other. If these precious elements are not kept together though, love is not just impoverished, but most importantly it is threatened to fall apart. Man needs therefore to find those ways of unification and harmonization of love, which are none other than the virtues, especially the virtue of chastity. Human virtues are true resources for acquiring the art of a qualitative love, which continues to seek its fullness and excellence. Thus the virtues do not render us “immune” or “opaque” towards reality, they do not do away with the ontological vulnerability to the world and to the other people. Instead, they help us to eradicate that malady which disintegrates us morally and which abandons us to our weaknesses, which then become wounds that can never heal; a fragmented eros make us drown in the tragedy of not being able to reach what eros promises. Human love thus harmonized is in fact an eros touched and reborn of Eternity, which embraces time – instead of escaping it – edifying a strong and genially creative love, a love which always affirming its bodily mediation. Agape does not destroy eros, but it cherishes and exalts it, offering man the necessary freedom to love: to love preserving the concept of difference involved in a relationship; to love responding to the gift with a gift of self; to love the fruitfulness that true love implies, since true love is never sterile.

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 56-86
Author(s):  
Jacek Neumann ◽  

Our life as the Christen in the community ecclesial is the announcement about God, which gives the people the gifts of love, freedom, friendship and truth. Through the forgiveness and the activity of the salvation of God, love and friendship in man’s life makes the human world more divine. This Jesus accents in His proclamation about the kingdom divine, specially in the parables, where He presents the model of the world based on love, hope, faith and freedom as the world of deeds based on God. Therefore, with the power of God’s Spirit, man has to make his life based on the norm of divine, because only in God, with God and through God exists for man the possibility to life now on earth, and afterwards in the future in heaven. In this situation, the answer of the man of faith has to be the motivation to take up the “deed” of the renovation of self-life and the imitation of God. This constitutes as the Christian thought that the central point of the theological interpretation of the value of salvation is realized – hic et nun – as the historical and existential value of the human life in the right of the kingdom divine. The proclamation of Jesus about the “new life”, presents to man the values of the divine existence in the spiritual of the Church. On one hand, it is the gift of freedom and the liberation from sin, where the love of God is absolutely necessary. On the other hand, the “new life” opens for man the space of liberty of life, where God forgives the human offences and the sins, both past and present. Well now the resume of the call to imitate God is the acceptance of the divine gift, which changes the man himself, and all the people, who seek the help and good councils to live the norm divine. These witnesses in the human mentality the consciousness of the existence based on the divine laws, which have in themselves the dimension eschatological.


2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-756
Author(s):  
Jon Adams ◽  
Edmund Ramsden

Nestled among E. M. Forster's careful studies of Edwardian social mores is a short story called “The Machine Stops.” Set many years in the future, it is a work of science fiction that imagines all humanity housed in giant high-density cities buried deep below a lifeless surface. With each citizen cocooned in an identical private chamber, all interaction is mediated through the workings of “the Machine,” a totalizing social system that controls every aspect of human life. Cultural variety has ceded to rigorous organization: everywhere is the same, everyone lives the same life. So hopelessly reliant is humanity upon the efficient operation of the Machine, that when the system begins to fail there is little the people can do, and so tightly ordered is the system that the failure spreads. At the story's conclusion, the collapse is total, and Forster's closing image offers a condemnation of the world they had built, and a hopeful glimpse of the world that might, in their absence, return: “The whole city was broken like a honeycomb. […] For a moment they saw the nations of the dead, and, before they joined them, scraps of the untainted sky” (2001: 123). In physically breaking apart the city, there is an extent to which Forster is literalizing the device of the broken society, but it is also the case that the infrastructure of the Machine is so inseparable from its social structure that the failure of one causes the failure of the other. The city has—in the vocabulary of present-day engineers—“failed badly.”


2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-207
Author(s):  
AN Ras Try Astuti ◽  
Andi Faisal

Capitalism as an economic system that is implemented by most countries in the world today, in fact it gave birth to injustice and social inequalityare increasingly out of control. Social and economic inequalities are felt both between countries (developed and developing countries) as well as insociety itself (the rich minority and the poor majority). The condition is born from the practice of departing from faulty assumptions about the man. In capitalism the individual to own property released uncontrollably, causing a social imbalance. On the other hand, Islam never given a state model that guarantees fair distribution of ownership for all members of society, ie at the time of the Prophet Muhammad established the Islamic government in Medina. In Islam, the private ownership of property was also recognized but not absolute like capitalism. Islam also recognizes the forms of joint ownership for the benefit of society and acknowledges the ownership of the state that aims to create a balance and social justice.


REFLEXE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (60) ◽  
pp. 29-63
Author(s):  
Martin Rabas

The present article has two objectives. One is to elucidate the philosophical approach presented in the so-called Strahov Systematic Manuscripts of Jan Patočka in terms of consciousness and nature. The other is to compare this philosophical approach with Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s theses on nature, as elaborated in 1956–1961, and to point out some advantages and limitations of both approaches. In our opinion, Patočka’s philosophical approach consists, on the one hand, in a descriptive analysis of human experience, which he understands as a pre-reflective self-relationship pointing towards the consciousness of the world. On the other hand, on the basis of this descriptive analysis Patočka consequently explicates all non-human life, inorganic matter, and finally the whole of nature as life in its own right, the essence of which is also a certain self-relation with a tendency towards consciousness. The article then briefly presents Merleau-Ponty’s theses on nature, and finally compares them with Patočka’s overall theses on nature. The advantage of Patočka’s notion of nature as against Merleau-Ponty’s is that, in Patočka’s view, nature encompasses both the principle of unity and individuality. On the other hand, the advantage of Merleau-Ponty’s understanding of nature as against Patočka’s lies in the consistent interconnectedness of the infinite life of nature and the finite life of individual beings.


1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
James O. Bennett

One trend in contemporary discussions of the topic, ‘the meaning of life.’ is to emphasize what might be termed its subjective dimension. That is, it is widely recognized that ‘the meaning of life’ is not something that simply could be presented to an individual, regardless of how he/she felt about it. Thus, for example, Karl Britton has written that we could imagine ‘a featureless god who set before men some goal and somehow drove them to pursue it'; while this would constitute a purpose for human life, it would hardly be sufficient to render life meaningful. ‘The goal would seem arbitrary, senseless: and its pursuit burdensome, souldestroying.’ Similarly, R. W. Hepburn has stated that meaningfulness must indispensably involve value judgment. Any set of conditions presented to us, whether by God, nature, or our fellow humans, constitutes a fact about how the world is; what provides meaningfulness to our lives, on the other hand, must be something which we affirm - something we feel ought to be the case.


Author(s):  
W. Kim Rogers

I dispute the claim that the disclosure of the life-world by phenomenology is an accomplishment of 'permanent' significance. By briefly reviewing the meaning of the "world" and "life-world" in the writings of Husserl, Gurwitsch, Schutz-Luckmann, Ortega, Heidegger, Jonas, Straus, Sartre and Merleau-Ponty, I show that they all treat the world, or rather the affairs which comprise it, as passively present whether viewed as a mental acquisition or as the "Other." But the meaning of the world-as that wherein are met physical demands upon us which must be satisfied if we are to continue living-cannot be considered either as a mental acquisition or as something that is "other" and over against us. A living being as living cannot fail to attend to the agency of the affairs of which the life-world consists, as well as one's own exploring and coping actions. If we are to really speak of life, then we must acknowledge the mutual and reciprocal activities of living beings and world.


Author(s):  
Alexander Noyon ◽  
Thomas Heidenreich

This chapter introduces five central concepts of existential philosophy in order to deduce ethical principles for psychotherapy: phenomenology, authenticity, paradoxes, isolation, and freedom vs. destiny. Phenomenological perspectives are useful as a guideline for how to encounter and understand patients in terms of individuality and uniqueness. Existential communication as a means to search and face the truth of one’s existence is considered as a valid basis for an authentic life. Paradoxes that cannot be solved are characteristic for human existence and should be dealt with to turn resignation into active choices. Isolation is one of the “existentials” characterizing human life between two paradox poles: On the one hand we are deeply in need of relationships to other human beings; on the other hand we are thrown into the world alone and will always stay like this, no matter how close we get to another person. Further, addressing freedom and destiny as two extremes of one dimension can serve as a basis for orientation in life and also for dealing with the separation between responsibility and guilt.


2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 39-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hirsch

Melanesian ethnography has been a substantial and enduring presence in Strathern’s comparative project of anthropology. The cornerstone of this project was The Gender of the Gift, where a model was established for demonstrating the analogies between Melanesian societies based on a system of common differences. The comparisons created in this work were centred on a real and radical divide between Melanesia and the West. Strathern’s subsequent comparative work has examined the debates surrounding new social and technological forms in the West (e.g. new genetic and reproductive technologies) through drawing analogies with Melanesian social forms; she has simultaneously highlighted the limits of these comparisons. Her intention in this comparative project has been to expand the range of concepts and language used to understand western social and technological innovations that potentially affect the world at large, so that debate is not simply circumscribed by western preoccupations and concerns. As mediated through the analysis of Strathern and the other Melanesian anthropologists she draws on, the voices and interests of non-westerners can potentially inform and even reform the grounds of such deliberations.


1913 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 174-183
Author(s):  
S. Arthur Strong

The reliefs of the column of Trajan lie before the world in the two sumptuous publications of Fröhner and Cichorius, where they are reproduced with all the accuracy of modern technical process; but, in an age when historical composition is out of favour, they fail to awaken interest outside the immediate circle of antiquaries and historians. In the Early and Middle Renaissance, on the other hand, when the only view of the column was obtained either from the neighbouring houses, or by means of scaffolds or other perilous devices, artists discovered in its sculptures a treasury of form and expression, whence they freely transferred to their own compositions single motives, and even whole scenes. The six dated sheets reproducing reliefs of the Trajan column now published on plates XXXVI., XXXVII., XXXVIII. afford an unexpected proof of the interest awakened by the column as early as the year 1467. They belong to the rich collection of Italian drawings at Chatsworth, and are reproduced by the kind permission of His Grace the Duke of Devonshire.


Author(s):  
Є. І. Мулярчук

The task of the research is to determine the possibilities of interpretation of the theme of calling on the basis of the ideas of the ethics of E. Levinas and his criticism of Heideggerian fundamental ontology. Following the main positions of Levinasian philosophy the author of the article proves the relevance of the understanding of calling as a common to mankind direction and requirement of holiness and awakening from interestedness in oneself to concern for the other people’s welfare and good. On the basis of Levinasian ideas of infinity and transcendence the purpose of calling reveals itself in devotion of person’s aims and values to over-personal aims and values. The phenomenon of call reveals itself not as the claim of authenticity of self-being and towards the truth of being as a whole, but as a need to answer to the Other. Not a Heideggerian fear and resoluteness of finiteness found the values in human life, but the infinity of living for the other people. The study follows the thought of Levinas that infinity reveals itself in the person and makes the person able to overcome anxiety of own death and overcome the limits of living towards it. The study examines the criticism by Levinas of phenomenological attitude to rely upon the self-certainty of subjectivity and his positioning of the certainty of ethical obligation based on the intersubjective experience and the requirement of responsibility towards the other people. The research determines the necessity of the search of the ways for harmonization in the concept of calling of the positions of ontology and ethics. Therefore the author foresees the possibility for solution of practical problems concerning ethical motivation of personality, of general understanding of the conditions for forming of personal virtues, of answering the various calls of living in the world, and of solving the collisions revealed in the realization of personal understanding of calling.


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