scholarly journals Functional maturation of nasal mucosa: role of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA)

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Bellussi ◽  
Jacopo Cambi ◽  
Desiderio Passali
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Child ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Middle Turbinate ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Nasal Secretion ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Secretory IgA (SIgA) plays an important role in defending the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory airways from common infection. Studying and comparing the values and the daily variation of SIgA in nasal secretion could explain the largest number of upper respiratory infection, especially in children. Moreover, the ELISA dosage of SIgA in nasal secretion, sampled by cotton swabs positioned between septum and middle turbinate for 20 minutes every 4 hours 5 times in a day, can be easily performed and shows significant differences between the healthy child and the healthy adult. Nasal secretion SIgA mean value is lower in the healthy child than in the healthy adult. Circadian variation for healthy child showed the highest value at 7.00 a.m., while in adult the highest value was at 4.00 a.m. These knowledge on SIgA may help to explain the highest number of upper airway infection during childhood and clarify the physiological cycle of production. Thus, in performing a SIgA dosage the time of sample must be considered and preferably it should be made at a standardized time of the day.

Upper Airway Obstruction in Infectious Mononucleosis

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Wolfe ◽  
Lee D. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Lymphoid Hyperplasia ◽  
Unusual Complication ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Respiratory Obstruction ◽  
Swallowing Function ◽  
Bulbar Paralysis ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Life-threatening upper respiratory obstruction is an unusual complication of infectious mononucleosis. Although the majority of fatalities result from progressive bulbar paralysis or the Guillain-Barré syndrome, airway impairment primarily occurs as a result of pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia and associated faucial arch edema. Recent experience in a young child with infectious mononucleosis who exhibited progressive hypersomnolence, sleep apnea, and stridor during sleep is presented. In addition, a retrospective analysis of 72 cases of respiratory complications of infectious mononucleosis provides guidelines for specific airway management. Mild upper respiratory obstruction with persistent fever, severe odynophagia, and malaise is treated with parenteral corticosteroids. Immediate tonsillectomy using a halothane and oxygen induction technique is recommended for severe airway occlusion. Tracheotomy is currently reserved for those patients with progressive alveolar hypoventilation, hypercarbia, atelectasis, and bulbar paralysis. In general, tonsillectomy is well-tolerated, eliminating airway obstruction, improving swallowing function, and rapidly resolving pharyngeal discomfort.

scholarly journals Correlations between Antibody Immune Responses at Different Mucosal Effector Sites Are Controlled by Antigen Type and Dosage

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 3830-3839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dörthe Externest ◽  
Barbara Meckelein ◽  
M. Alexander Schmidt ◽  
Andreas Frey
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Routine Diagnostics ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin

ABSTRACT Monitoring specific secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses in the intestines after mucosal immunization or infection is impeded by the fact that sampling of small intestinal secretions requires invasive methods not feasible for routine diagnostics. Since IgA plasma cells generated after intragastric immunization are known to populate remote mucosal sites as well, secretory IgA responses at other mucosal surfaces may correlate to those in the intestines and could serve as proxy measures for IgA secretion in the gut. To evaluate the practicability of this approach, mice were immunized intragastrically with 0.2, 2, and 20 mg of ovalbumin plus 10 μg of cholera toxin, and the antigen-specific local secretory IgA responses in duodenal, ileal, jejunal, rectal, and vaginal secretions, saliva, urine, and feces, as well as serum IgG and IgA responses were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between serum IgG and IgA, urinary IgA, salivary IgA, and secretory IgA in duodenal, jejunal, ileal, and rectal secretions for the 0.2-mg but not for the 20-mg ovalbumin dose. Fecal samples were poor predictors for intestinal antiovalbumin IgA responses, and no correlations could be established for cholera toxin, neither between local anti-cholera toxin levels nor to the antiovalbumin responses. Thus, specific IgA in serum, saliva, or urine can serve as a predictor of the release of specific IgA at intestinal surfaces after intragastric immunization, but the lack of correlations for high ovalbumin doses and for cholera toxin indicates a strong dependency on antigen type and dosage for these relationships.

Depletion of gut secretory immunoglobulin A coated Lactobacillus reuteri is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus-related intestinal mucosal barrier damage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haowen Zhang ◽  
Ce Qi ◽  
Yuning Zhao ◽  
Mengyao Lu ◽  
Xinyue Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may be related to intestinal mucosal damage and inflammation-induced dysbiosis of secretory IgA (SIgA) coated microbiota. SIgA coated L. reuteri can reduce the level of inflammation of GDM in vitro.

scholarly journals Potential of Immunoglobulin A to Prevent Allergic Asthma

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk K. Gloudemans ◽  
Bart N. Lambrecht ◽  
Hermelijn H. Smits
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Allergic Airway Disease ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Lower Airway

Allergic asthma is characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness, a defective barrier function, and eosinophilic lower airway inflammation in response to allergens. The inflammation is dominated by Th2 cells and IgE molecules and supplemented with Th17 cells in severe asthma. In contrast, in healthy individuals, allergen-specific IgA and IgG4 molecules are found but no IgE, and their T cells fail to proliferate in response to allergens, probably because of the development of regulatory processes that actively suppress responses to allergens. The presence of allergen-specific secretory IgA has drawn little attention so far, although a few epidemiological studies point at a reverse association between IgA levels and the incidence of allergic airway disease. This review highlights the latest literature on the role of mucosal IgA in protection against allergic airway disease, the mechanisms described to induce secretory IgA, and the role of (mucosal) dendritic cells in this process. Finally, we discuss how this information can be used to translate into the development of new therapies for allergic diseases based on, or supplemented with, IgA boosting strategies.

scholarly journals Tracheal perforation managed by temporary tracheostomy in a horse : clinical communication

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.N. Saulez ◽  
N.M. Slovis ◽  
A.T. Louden
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Local Anaesthesia ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Respiratory Obstruction ◽  
Clinical Communication ◽  
Severe Emphysema ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Tracheal trauma with resultant rupture is uncommonly reported in veterinary literature. We report the case of a 16-year-old Thoroughbred gelding that sustained a 1 cm longitudinal perforation of the dorsal tracheal membrane in the proximal cervical region. The horse subsequently developed dyspnoea due to acute upper respiratory obstruction secondary to severe emphysema of the guttural pouches. A temporary tracheostomy caudal to the site of tracheal perforation was performed under local anaesthesia. This procedure helped relieve the upper airway obstruction and aided resolution of the injury by diverting air away from the site of tracheal perforation. After conservative management, the gelding recovered completely.

LOCAL IMMUNE STATUS AND ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN PARATONSILLITIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
T.V. Zolotova ◽  
◽  
A.G. Volkov ◽  
P.A. Kondrashov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Immunomodulatory Agents ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Streptolysin O ◽  
Bacterial Lysates ◽  
Antigenic Load

Paratonsillitis is one of the most common purulent inflammatory diseases, considered as a manifestation of chronic tonsillitis. The aim of the work is to study the state of local immunity by the level of immunoglobulin A in saliva in patients with paratonsillitis and its changes in the treatment process, to determine the level of antistreptolysin-O in serum, as well as to study the etiological factors of paratonsillites in the microbiological assessment of the species composition of flora in smears from the cavity of paratonsillar abscess. Under our observation there were 152: 32 healthy people and 120 patients with paratonsillitis under abecedarian or abscess stage. It was found that in patients with paratonsillitis there is a significant (p<0.001) decrease in the level of secretory immunoglobulin A in saliva, which indicates a violation of local immunity and requires correction. The level of antibodies to streptolysin-O in the serum of patients with paratonsillitis was significantly - 10.25 times higher than in healthy individuals in the control group, which confirms the high streptococcal antigenic load. The results of microbiological examination of smears from the abscess cavity indicated the release of the most frequent pathogens of paratonsillites - Streptococcus β-haemolythicus, Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Staphylococcus Aureus, with bacterial associations prevailing (63.5%). After a course of antimicrobial therapy, supplemented with immunomodulatory agents in the form of bacterial lysates, there was an increase in the level of secretory IgA in saliva in 10-30 days in 3.3-4.5 times. At the same time, the level of antistreptolysin-O significantly decreased. In patients receiving immunomodulatory therapy in the form of bacterial lysates in the complex treatment of paratonsillitis, for the period of observation of 6 months, there was a decrease in the frequency of relapses of the disease by 2 times.

Stridor

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Sean Donovan ◽  
Heidi Cordi
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Mucosal Edema ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Nebulized Epinephrine ◽  
Short Time

This case illustrates acute respiratory distress in pediatric patient populations. More specifically, it highlights signs of upper airway obstruction, including stridor. This type of presentation most frequently occurs with croup, also known as laryngotracheobronchitis, but can also occur in other pathologic conditions, which are briefly discussed. Croup is a viral infection that causes upper respiratory tract symptoms, including a harsh “seal-like” barking cough, secondary to mucosal edema in the upper airway. Significant swelling can cause respiratory distress with development of stridor, prompting treatment with nebulized epinephrine. In addition, steroid medication is often administered for longer term symptom control. Most children recover well in a relatively short time period.

Secretory Immunoglobulin a in Oral and Respiratory Passages in Man

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (20_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goro Mogi
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Secretory Component ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Antigenic Relationship ◽  
Serum Iga ◽  
Human Colostrum ◽  
Specific Antisera ◽  
Antigenic Relationships ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin

Secretory IgA (SIgA) is the predominant immunoglobulin in certain external secretions and may have an important role in immunological mucosal resistance. SIgA differs in chemical and immunological properties from serum IgA. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antigenic relationship between SIgA, free secretory component (FSC) and serum IgA and the localization of SIgA as well as other immunological classes in tissues of oral and respiratory passages by use of immunofluorescence technique. SIgA and FSC were highly purified from human colostrum and rabbit anti-SIgA and anti-SC antisera were prepared. On the basis of antigenic relationships between SIgA, FSC and serum IgA, it was emphasized that individual specific antisera for SC and IgA and/or SIgA should be used in immunochemical or immunohistological investigations for SIgA. The present study failed to detect SC determinants in palatine and lingual tonsils. However, it was evident that cells present in the pharyngeal tonsillar epithelium contain SC determinants. SC molecules may be synthesized in certain secretory cells of mucous membrane and glandular epithelium and the combining of SC with IgA could occur in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells, the intercellular spaces and/or in the lumens of glandular acini and ductules.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the tonsillar microbiota in IgA nephropathy and other glomerular diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji In Park ◽  
Tae-Yoon Kim ◽  
Bumjo Oh ◽  
Hyunjeong Cho ◽  
Ji Eun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Glomerular Diseases ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Airway Infections ◽  
Repeated Events

Abstract Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) involves repeated events of gross haematuria with concurrent upper airway infections. The mucosal immune system, especially the tonsil, is considered the initial site of inflammation, although the role of the tonsillar microbiota has not been established in IgAN. In this study, we compared the tonsillar microbiota of patients with IgAN (n = 21) and other glomerular diseases (n = 36) as well as, healthy controls (n = 23) from three medical centres in Korea. The microbiota was analysed from tonsil swabs using the Illumina MiSeq system based on 16S rRNA gene. Tonsillar bacterial diversity was higher in IgAN than in other glomerular diseases, although it did not differ from that of healthy controls. Principal coordinates analysis revealed differences between the tonsillar microbiota of IgAN and both healthy and disease controls. The proportions of Rahnella, Ruminococcus_g2, and Clostridium_g21 were significantly higher in patients with IgAN than in healthy controls (corrected p < 0.05). The relative abundances of several taxa were correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate, blood urea nitrogen, haemoglobin, and serum albumin levels. Based on our findings, tonsillar microbiota may be associated with clinical features and possible immunologic pathogenesis of IgAN.

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