scholarly journals Are electrically induced muscle cramps able to increase the cramp threshold frequency, when induced once a week?

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Behringer ◽  
Tobias Walter Link ◽  
Johannes Caspar Konrad Montag ◽  
Molly Leigh McCourt ◽  
Joachim Mester
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Muscle Cramps ◽  
Threshold Frequency ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cramp Threshold

The cramp threshold frequency (CTF) is known to be positively correlated with the individual cramp susceptibility. Here we assessed CTF changes after two bouts of electrically induced muscle cramps (EIMCs). The EIMCs (6×5 sec) were unilaterally induced twice (separated by one week) in the gastrocnemius of an intervention group (n=8), while 5 participants served as control. The CTF increased from 25.1±4.6 Hz at baseline to 31.4±9.0 Hz and 31.7±8.5 Hz 24 h after bout 1 and 2 (P<0.05). Thereafter, the CTF declined following both bouts to reach values of 28.0±6.7 Hz and 29.1±7.7 Hz after 72 h after bout 1 and 2. Creatine kinase (CK) activity and perceived discomfort during cramps was lower after bout 2 (P<0.05). CTF, CK, and discomfort did not change in CG. That is, a single bout of EIMCs induces a 24 h CTF increment and a second bout sustains this effect, while perceived discomfort and muscle damage decreases. This short term effect may help athletes to reduce the cramp susceptibility for an important match.

scholarly journals The individual empowerment program improves glycemic and lipid controls in admitted type 2 DM patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Ampornpan Theeranut ◽  
Nonglak Methakanjanasak ◽  
Pattama Surit ◽  
Wasana Ruaisungnoen ◽  
Kittisak Sawanyawisuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Diabetes Patients ◽  
Empowerment Program

Aim. To evaluate the short-term effects of the empowerment program on glycemic and lipid profiles in an inpatient setting for DM type 2 patients. Materials and methods. This was a quasi-experimental study conducted between October 2013 and June 2015. We enrolled diabetes patients admitted to the hospital, age over 35 years, and HbA1c 7%. During the admission, the intervention group received the empowerment course three times prior to discharge, the control group received standard diabetes and nursing care. All patients body weight, HbA1c, HDL-c, and LDL levels were evaluated at three and six months after discharge. All outcomes were compared between the control and intervention group. Results. A total of 57 diabetes patients participated in the study, with 27 in the intervention group and 30 in the control group. The intervention group had significantly higher HbA1c levels than the control group (10.3% vs 8.0%; p value 0.001). After discharge, the mean HbA1c and LDL-c levels of the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the control group at three and six months, while the mean HDL-c level of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group at six months (1.54 vs 1.29 mmol/L; p value 0.001). The average body mass index of the intervention group was also significantly lower than that of the control group at six months (22.74 vs 25.54 kg/m2; p value = 0.016). Conclusion. The individual empowerment program improved short-term glycemic and lipid outcomes in admitted diabetes mellitus patients.

scholarly journals Acute Passive Static Stretching and Cramp Threshold Frequency

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 918-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino Panza ◽  
Justin Stadler ◽  
Donal Murray ◽  
Nicholas Lerma ◽  
Tomas Barrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Static Stretch ◽  
Muscle Cramps ◽  
Threshold Frequency ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Exercise Associated Muscle Cramps ◽  
Cramp Threshold ◽  
Common Clinical Problem

Context:  Exercise-associated muscle cramps are a common clinical problem for athletes. Objective:  To determine whether acute passive static stretching altered cramp threshold frequency (CTF) of electrically induced muscle cramps. Design:  Crossover study. Setting:  Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants:  Seventeen healthy college-aged individuals. Intervention(s):  Stretching or no stretching. Main Outcome Measure(s):  The independent variable was the static stretch versus the no-stretch condition, and the dependent variable was the CTF. Results:  The CTF increased in both the control (pretest: 18.12 ± 6.46 Hz, posttest: 19.65 ± 7.25 Hz; P = .033) and stretching (pretest: 18.94 ± 5.96 Hz, posttest: 20.47 ± 7.12 Hz; P = .049) groups. No difference between the groups was found (t15 = 0.035, P = .97). Conclusions:  Acute passive static stretching did not seem to increase the CTF.

scholarly journals Effect of Immersion in Cold Water on Creatine Kinase and Myoglobin Levels in Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
Fernanda Bortolo Pesenti-Tofalini ◽  
Eduardo Rossi Spartalis ◽  
Alessandra Miyuki Okino ◽  
Danielle Venturini ◽  
Ariobaldo Frisseli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Athletic Injuries ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
And Control

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of body immersion in cold water on creatine kinase and myoglobin levels in soccer athletes. For this, 10 soccer players aged between 16 and 18 years old, submitted to 5 blood samples, were analyzed: fasting, post-match, after 24, 48 and 72 hours. At the end of the match they were randomized into intervention group (GI) and control (CG). GI immersion in cold water, water plate at the level of the iliac crests, 10 ° C, for 10 minutes and the GC immersed in water at room temperature at the same height and for the same period of time. The levels of creatine kinase did not change in the analyzed groups and moments. Myoglobin levels increased significantly after the match and returned to baseline after 24 and 72 hours, with a peak in 48 hours. There was no difference between the intervention groups at all the evaluated moments. It was concluded that immersion in cold water did not alter the creatine kinase and myoglobin levels in relation to the control group in soccer athletes, indicating that for this population immersion in cold water was not able to reduce muscle damage after exercise. Keywords: Athletic Injuries. Myalgia. Fatigue. Cryotherapy. Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito da imersão corporal em água fria nos níveis de creatinoquinase e mioglobina em atletas de futebol. Para isto, foram analisados 10 atletas de futebol com idade entre 16 e 18 anos, submetidos à 5 coletas sanguíneas: em jejum, após jogo, após 24, 48 e 72 horas. Ao término do jogo foram aleatorizados em grupo intervenção (GI) e controle (GC). O GI realizou imersão em água fria, lâmina da água à altura das cristas ilíacas, 10ºC, por 10 minutos e o GC realizou imersão em água à temperatura ambiente à mesma altura e durante o mesmo período de tempo. Os níveis de creatinoquinase não apresentaram alteração nos grupos e momentos analisados. Já os níveis de mioglobina aumentaram significativamente após o jogo e retornaram aos valores basais após 24 e 72 horas, com pico em 48 horas. Não houve diferença entre os grupos de intervenção em todos os momentos avaliados. Conclui-se então que a imersão em água fria não alterou os níveis de creatinoquinase e mioglobina em relação ao grupo controle em atletas de futebol, indicando que para esta população a imersão em água fria não foi capaz de reduzir o dano muscular após exercício. Palavras-chave: Traumatismos em Atletas. Mialgia. Fadiga. Crioterapia.

Investigation of Muscle Cramps in Patients With Cirrhosis Using Electrical Stimulation Cramp Threshold Frequency

2018 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S577-S579
Author(s):  
Rishi Bolla ◽  
Cynthia Bodkin ◽  
Marwan Ghabril ◽  
Naga Chalasani ◽  
Raj Vuppalanchi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Cramps ◽  
Threshold Frequency ◽  
Cramp Threshold

Acetaminophen: Macula densa hypersecretory activity by induced hepatotoxicity

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 934-935
Author(s):  
S.S. Poolsawat ◽  
C.A. Huerta ◽  
S.TY. Lae ◽  
G.A. Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Experimental Induction ◽  
Tissue Alterations ◽  
Toxic Responses

Introduction. Experimental induction of altered histology by chemical toxins is of particular importance if its outcome resembles histopathological phenomena. Hepatotoxic drugs and chemicals are agents that can be converted by the liver into various metabolites which consequently evoke toxic responses. Very often, these drugs are intentionally administered to resolve an illness unrelated to liver function. Because of hepatic detoxification, the resulting metabolites are suggested to be integrated into the macromolecular processes of liver function and cause an array of cellular and tissue alterations, such as increased cytoplasmic lysis, centrilobular and localized necroses, chronic inflammation and “foam cell” proliferation of the hepatic sinusoids (1-4).Most experimentally drug-induced toxicity studies have concentrated primarily on the hepatic response, frequently overlooking other physiological phenomena which are directly related to liver function. Categorically, many studies have been short-term effect investigations which seldom have followed up the complications to other tissues and organs when the liver has failed to function normally.

A Newspaper’s Effect on the Strength of Automatic Associations in Memory

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Automatic Associations ◽  
Foreign Nationality ◽  
The Impact

A test was done to see if reading a newspaper which consistently overrepresents foreigners as criminals strengthens the automatic association between foreign country and criminal in memory (i.e., implicit cultivation). Further, an investigation was done to find out if reading articles from the same newspaper produces a short-term effect on the same measure and if (1) emotionalization of the newspaper texts, (2) emotional reactions of the reader (indicated by arousal), and (3) attributed text credibility moderate the short-term treatment effect. Eighty-five participants were assigned to one of three experimental conditions. Participants in the control group received short factual crime texts, where the nationality of the offender was not mentioned. Participants in the factual treatment group received the same texts, but the foreign nationality was mentioned. Participants in the emotionalized treatment group received emotionalized articles (i.e., texts which are high in vividness and frequency) covering the same crimes, with the foreign nationality mentioned. Supporting empirical evidence for implicit cultivation and a short-term effect was found. However, only emotionalized articles produced a short-term effect on the strength of the automatic association, indicating that newspaper texts must have a minimum of stimulus intensity to overcome an effect threshold. There were no moderating effects of arousal or credibility pertaining to the impact on the implicit measure. However, credibility moderated the short-term effect on a first-order judgment (i.e., estimated frequency of foreigners of all criminals). This indicates that a newspaper’s effect on the strength of automatic associations is relatively independent from processes of propositional reasoning.

Is money the creation of the state or the market? (On the “modern monetary theory” as described in the textbook by W. Mitchell, L. R. Wray and M. Watts “Macroeconomics”)

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
S. A. Andryushin
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Monetary Theory ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stimulation Of

In 2019, a textbook “Macroeconomics” was published in London, on the pages of which the authors presented a new monetary doctrine — Modern Monetary Theory, MMT, — an unorthodox concept based on the postulates of Post-Keynesianism, New Institutionalism, and the theory of Marxism. The attitude to this scientific concept in the scientific community is ambiguous. A smaller part of scientists actively support this doctrine, which is directly related to state monetary and fiscal stimulation of full employment, public debt servicing and economic growth. Others, the majority of economists, on the contrary, strongly criticize MMT, arguing that the new theory hides simple left-wing populism, designed for a temporary and short-term effect. This article considers the origins and the main provisions of MMT, its discussions with the mainstream, criticism of the basic tenets of MMT, and also assesses possible prospects for the development of MMT in the medium term.

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