Examining the Relationship Between Social Support Satisfaction and Perceived Stress and Depression in Athletic Training Students

Context: Although social support has been reported to be a factor that increases retention of athletic trainers in their profession, there is a lack of literature examining the specific relationship of social support satisfaction and its predictive influence on stress and depression among athletic training students. Objective: To determine which sources of social support were perceived to be the most salient and ascertain whether social support satisfaction can predict stress and depression among athletic training students. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Nine Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education–accredited professional athletic training programs. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 204 athletic training students from Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education–accredited athletic training programs were included in this study. Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the Social Support Questionnaire. Results: Social Support Satisfaction significantly predicted overall perceived stress (P = .010) and depression (P < .001). Satisfaction of support from family (P = .043) and other athletic trainers (P = .011) were significant predictors of perceived stress, whereas satisfaction of support from family (P = .003), other athletic trainers (P = .002), and athletes (P = .038) significantly predicted depression. Conclusions: The current study suggests that having an increased satisfaction of social support may reduce stress perceptions and depression in athletic training students.

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Perceived Levels of Frustration During Clinical Situations in Athletic Training Students

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-48.6.12 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 68-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Scott Heinerichs ◽

Neil Curtis ◽

Alison Gardiner-Shires

Keyword(s):

Athletic Training ◽

Clinical Experience ◽

Clinical Education ◽

Training Programs ◽

Athletic Training Education ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Athletic Training Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Athletic Training Student ◽

Education Experience

Context: Athletic training students (ATSs) are involved in various situations during the clinical experience that may cause them to express levels of frustration. Understanding levels of frustration in ATSs is important because frustration can affect student learning, and the clinical experience is critical to their development as professionals. Objective: To explore perceived levels of frustration in ATSs during clinical situations and to determine if those perceptions differ based on sex. Design: Cross-sectional study with a survey instrument. Setting: A total of 14 of 19 professional, undergraduate athletic training programs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education in Pennsylvania. Patients or Other Participants: Of a possible 438 athletic training students, 318 (72.6%) completed the survey. Main Outcomes Measure(s): The Athletic Training Student Frustration Inventory was developed and administered. The survey gathered demographic information and included 24 Likert-scale items centering on situations associated with the clinical experience. Descriptive statistics were computed on all items. The Mann-Whitney U was used to evaluate differences between male and female students. Results: A higher level of frustration was perceived during the following clinical situations: lack of respect by student-athletes and coaching staffs, the demands of the clinical experience, inability of ATSs to perform or remember skills, and ATSs not having the opportunity to apply their skills daily. Higher levels of frustration were perceived in female than male ATSs in several areas. Conclusions: Understanding student frustration during clinical situations is important to better appreciate the clinical education experience. Low levels of this emotion are expected; however, when higher levels exist, learning can be affected. Whereas we cannot eliminate student frustrations, athletic training programs and preceptors need to be aware of this emotion in order to create an environment that is more conducive to learning.

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Effects of social support, hope and resilience on depressive symptoms within 18 months after diagnosis of prostate cancer

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes ◽

10.1186/s12955-020-01660-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xinxin Zhao ◽

Ming Sun ◽

Ye Yang

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Social Support ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Psychosocial Interventions ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Modifiable Factors

Abstract Background The prevalence of depression symptoms and related modifiable factors in prostate cancer (PCa) are not well evaluated. We aimed to assess the effects of perceived social support, hope and resilience on depressive symptoms within 18 months after diagnosis of PCa, and to evaluate the role of hope and resilience as mediators of that relationship. Method A cross-sectional study was analyzed in consecutive inpatients with PCa during the months of January 2018 and August 2019. A total of 667 patients eligible for this study completed questionnaires on demographic and clinic variables, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Adult Hope Scale, and Resilience Scale (14 items). All registered patients were all volunteers and anonymous. Depressive symptoms, perceived social support, hope and resilience were measured anonymously. Out of 667 patients, a total of 564 effective respondents (< 30% missing data) became our subjects. Hierarchical linear regression was used to identify the factors associated with depressive symptoms. Asymptotic and resampling strategies were used to conduct the mediating effects of hope and resilience. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 65.9% in PCa patients. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that perceived social support, hope, and resilience together accounted for 27.5% variance of depressive symptoms. Support from family, hope, and resilience significantly associated with depressive symptoms, respectively. Hope (a*b = − 0.0783, BCa95% CI: − 0.134 to − 0.0319, p < 0.05), and resilience (a*b = − 0.1315, BCa95% CI: − 0.1894 to − 0.0783, p < 0.05) significantly mediated the association between perceived social support and depressive symptoms. Conclusions The high prevalence of depressive symptoms among PCa patients should receive more attention. Perceived social support, hope and resilience could be positive resources for combating depressive symptoms, and hope and resilience mediated the association between perceived social support and depressive symptoms. Enhancing social support, particularly the support form family, and improving patients’ outlook and resilience may be potential targets for future psychosocial interventions aimed at reducing depressive symptoms.

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Association between depressive symptoms and psychosocial factors and perception of maternal self-efficacy in teenage mothers

Salud Mental ◽

10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2017.026 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 201-208

Author(s):

Ma Asunción Lara ◽

◽

Pamela Patiño ◽

Laura Navarrete ◽

Zaira Hernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Adolescent Mothers ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Teenage Pregnancy ◽

Post Partum ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction. Teenage pregnancy is a national health priority. Having to deal with pregnancy during adolescence can cause the mother, at an already vulnerable age, to doubt her maternal capacity to cope with a challenge of this magnitude. The teenage mother’s assessment of her maternal self-efficacy is associated with her performance, in other words, the way she relates and responds to the needs of her infant, which has major implications for the latter’s development. Objective. To study the association between personal (depressive symptoms, self-esteem) and environmental characteristics (social support, partner satisfaction) and those of the infant (problems with infant care, the infants’s temperament) and the perception of maternal self-efficacy (PME) in adolescent mothers. Method. Cross-sectional study. The following instruments were applied: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Post-partum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised (PDPI-R), and Maternal Efficacy Questionnaire to 120 mothers under 20 during the first six months postpartum. Bivariate lineal regression and hierarchical linear regression analyses were used for the data analysis. Results. When adjusting for other variables, symptoms of depression and difficult infant temperament were associated with lower PME. Social support was only associated with increased PME in the bivariate analysis. Discussion and conclusion. These findings contribute to the limited literature on the subject and provide elements for designing strategies to improve adolescent mothers’ PME to encourage behaviors that are more relevant and sensitive to infants’ physical and emotional needs.

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Considerations for the Use of the Observation Experience to Aid in Early Socialization and Retention of Athletic Training Students

Athletic Training Education Journal ◽

10.4085/090254 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 54-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Stephanie M. Mazerolle ◽

Thomas Dodge

Keyword(s):

Athletic Training ◽

Training Programs ◽

Athletic Trainers ◽

Athletic Trainer ◽

Positive Interactions ◽

Clinical Experiences ◽

Athletic Training Students ◽

Initial Exposure ◽

Observation Period ◽

Early Socialization

Context Retention of quality students in athletic training programs (ATPs) is important. Many factors contribute to retention of students, including their motivation level, peer support, positive interactions with instructors, clinical integration, and mentorship. Objective Highlight the use of the observation period for preparatory athletic training students as a means to promote retention. Background Many ATPs require a period of observation as part of or as a precursor to application for admission. The experience gives students initial exposure to the profession while allowing the ATP to evaluate the student's potential for admission and success within the program and as a young professional. The roles of an athletic trainer are complex and challenging; therefore, ATPs need to ensure they are preparing their students for professional practice. Synthesis A review of the retention literature was conducted and specific applications suggested based upon the authors' professional experiences. Results Early socialization into the profession is helpful for understanding an athletic trainer's role. Diversity during the observation period can facilitate a student's understanding, plausibly improving persistence. Recommendations Athletic training programs are encouraged to provide the preparatory student with structured, required observations of athletic trainers. Specifically, students should be exposed to diverse clinical employment settings and the different domains of clinical practice for the athletic trainer. This exposure could plausibly facilitate retention. Conclusions It is important to identify strategies to help retain quality students in order to promote and advance the professional stature of athletic training. Focusing on clinical experiences, rather than quantity of hours, may benefit students who are evaluating their futures as athletic trainers.

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The prevalence and correlates of burnout among Chinese preschool teachers

10.21203/rs.2.17814/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Shen Li ◽

Yibo Li ◽

Hao Lv ◽

Rui Jiang ◽

Peng Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Perceived Stress ◽

Preschool Teachers ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Chinese Version ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type Of School ◽

Income Satisfaction

Abstract Background: A series of studies have suggested that teachers are likely to experience professional burnout in various regions around the world. To date, no known research has been conducted to investigate the prevalence and correlates of burnout among preschool teachers in China. Objective: This study examined the level of self-reported burnout and correlates of burnout among Chinese preschool teachers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among1795 preschool teachers in Tianjin, China, during August 2018- October 2018. The validated Chinese version of the 15-item Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to assess burnout. A self-administered questionnaire collected the sociodemographic factors. The psychological factors were collected by the Chinese version of the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Perceived Stress Scale-14. Results: The prevalence of burnout in Chinese preschool teachers was 53.2% ( 95% CI：51%─56%). Burnout rate was significantly decreased in overweight (P=0.001, OR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.42-0.79) and obesity (P=0.048, OR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.56-1.00) teachers compared with teachers with normal weight. The type of school (P=0.007, OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.11-1.91), income satisfaction (P=0.001, OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.53-0.86), depression (P<0.001, OR=3.08, 95% CI: 2.34-4.05) and perceived stress (P<0.001, OR=1.15, 95%CI: 1.13-1.18) were significantly associated with burnout. Conclusions: The prevalence of burnout among preschool teachers in Tianjin, China, is high. Burnout was significantly associated with BMI, the type of school, income satisfaction, depression and perceived stress among Chinese preschool teachers. Keywords: Burnout, Stress, Preschool teachers, Depression

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Athletic Training Students Demonstrate Airway Management Skill Decay, but Retain Knowledge over 6 Months

Athletic Training Education Journal ◽

10.4085/1104173 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 173-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jennifer K. Popp ◽

David C. Berry

Keyword(s):

Airway Management ◽

Athletic Training ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Training Programs ◽

Clinical Skills ◽

Athletic Training Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Knowledge And Skills ◽

Main Effect ◽

Review Session

Context: Airway management (AM) knowledge and skills are taught in all athletic training programs; however, research suggests that skill decay occurs with acute care skills as length of nonpractice increases. Objective: Evaluate retention of AM knowledge and skills, specifically oropharyngeal airway (OPA) and nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) use, in athletic training students. Design: Cross-sectional study. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-five students (8 males, 17 females; age = 21.12 ± 1.42 years) enrolled in Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education–accredited professional athletic training programs. Intervention(s): Participants' AM knowledge and skills were assessed 5 times (baseline–T4). The baseline assessment was followed by an educational review session. Participants were reassessed (T1) before being randomly assigned to 2 groups. The experimental group's AM knowledge and skills were reevaluated at 1 month (T2), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T4), and the control group's at 6 months (T4). Main Outcome Measure(s): Dependent variables of AM knowledge and skills scores. Groups served as the independent variable. Repeated-measures analysis of variance with between-participants and within-participants effects assessed changes in knowledge skills scores. Results: Testing revealed no significant differences between the groups on knowledge (F2.00,46.00 = 0.37, P = .70) and overall clinical skills (F1.57,36.17 = 0.09, P = .87). A significant main effect for time on knowledge (F2.00,46.00 = 28.44, P < .001) found baseline scores were different from scores at T1 and T4. A significant main effect for time on OPA skills (F1.50,34.60 = 65.02, P < .001) and NPA skills (F1.62,37.31 = 106.46, P < .001) found baseline scores were different from scores at T1 and T4 and T1 score was different from T4 score. Conclusions: Both groups retained AM knowledge over a 6-month period, whereas OPA and NPA skills decayed from review session to 6-month follow-up. The lack of significant differences between the groups suggests that subsequent testing may not affect retention of AM knowledge and skills.

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Effects of social support, hope and resilience on depressive symptoms within 18 months after diagnosis of prostate cancer

10.21203/rs.2.20543/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xinxin Zhao ◽

Ming Sun ◽

Ye Yang

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Social Support ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Psychosocial Interventions ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Modifiable Factors

Abstract Background The prevalence of depression symptoms and related modifiable factors in prostate cancer (PCa) are not well evaluated. We aimed to assess the effects of perceived social support, hope and resilience on depressive symptoms within 18 months after diagnosis of PCa, and to evaluate the role of hope and resilience as mediators of that relationship.Method A cross-sectional study was analyzed in consecutive inpatients with PCa during the months of January 2018 and August 2019. A total of 667 patients eligible for this study completed questionnaires on demographic and clinic variables, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Adult Hope Scale, and Resilience Scale (14 items). All registered patients were all volunteers and anonymous. Depressive symptoms, perceived social support, hope and resilience were measured anonymously. Out of 667 patients, a total of 564 effective respondents (< 30% missing data) became our subjects. Hierarchical linear regression was used to identify the factors associated with depressive symptoms. Asymptotic and resampling strategies were used to conduct the mediating effects of hope and resilienceResults The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 65.9% in PCa patients. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that perceived social support, hope, and resilience together accounted for 27.5% variance of depressive symptoms. Support from family, hope, and resilience significantly associated with depressive symptoms, respectively. Hope (a*b = -0.0783, BCa95% CI:-0.134 to -0.0319, p < 0.05), and resilience (a*b = -0.1315, BCa95% CI:-0.1894 to -0.0783, p < 0.05) significantly mediated the association between perceived social support and depressive symptoms.Conclusions The high prevalence of depressive symptoms among PCa patients should receive more attention. Perceived social support, hope and resilience could be positive resources for combating depressive symptoms, and hope and resilience mediated the association between perceived social support and depressive symptoms. Enhancing social support, particularly the support form family, and improving patients’ outlook and resilience may be potential targets for future psychosocial interventions aimed at reducing depressive symptoms.

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Accuracy and Reliability of Peer Assessment of Athletic Training Psychomotor Laboratory Skills

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-45.6.609 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 609-614 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Melissa C. Marty ◽

Jolene M. Henning ◽

John T. Willse

Keyword(s):

Athletic Training ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Peer Assessment ◽

Generalizability Theory ◽

Athletic Training Education ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Psychomotor Skills ◽

Athletic Training Students ◽

Manual Muscle Test ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Context: Peer assessment is defined as students judging the level or quality of a fellow student's understanding. No researchers have yet demonstrated the accuracy or reliability of peer assessment in athletic training education. Objective: To determine the accuracy and reliability of peer assessment of athletic training students' psychomotor skills. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Entry-level master's athletic training education program. Patients or Other Participants: First-year (n = 5) and second-year (n = 8) students. Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants evaluated 10 videos of a peer performing 3 psychomotor skills (middle deltoid manual muscle test, Faber test, and Slocum drawer test) on 2 separate occasions using a valid assessment tool. Accuracy of each peer-assessment score was examined through percentage correct scores. We used a generalizability study to determine how reliable athletic training students were in assessing a peer performing the aforementioned skills. Decision studies using generalizability theory demonstrated how the peer-assessment scores were affected by the number of participants and number of occasions. Results: Participants had a high percentage of correct scores: 96.84% for the middle deltoid manual muscle test, 94.83% for the Faber test, and 97.13% for the Slocum drawer test. They were not able to reliably assess a peer performing any of the psychomotor skills on only 1 occasion. However, the ϕ increased (exceeding the 0.70 minimal standard) when 2 participants assessed the skill on 3 occasions (ϕ = 0.79) for the Faber test, with 1 participant on 2 occasions (ϕ = 0.76) for the Slocum drawer test, and with 3 participants on 2 occasions for the middle deltoid manual muscle test (ϕ = 0.72). Conclusions: Although students did not detect all errors, they assessed their peers with an average of 96% accuracy. Having only 1 student assess a peer performing certain psychomotor skills was less reliable than having more than 1 student assess those skills on more than 1 occasion. Peer assessment of psychomotor skills could be an important part of the learning process and a tool to supplement instructor assessment.

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The prevalence and correlates of burnout among Chinese preschool teachers

10.21203/rs.2.17814/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shen Li ◽

Yibo Li ◽

Hao Lv ◽

Rui Jiang ◽

Peng Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Perceived Stress ◽

Preschool Teachers ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Chinese Version ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type Of School ◽

Income Satisfaction

Abstract Background: A series of studies have suggested that teachers are likely to experience professional burnout in various regions around the world. To date, no known research has been conducted to investigate the prevalence and correlates of burnout among preschool teachers in China. Objective: This study examined the level of self-reported burnout and correlates of burnout among Chinese preschool teachers. Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted among1795 preschool teachers in Tianjin, China, during August 2018- October 2018. The validated Chinese version of the 15-item Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to assess burnout. A self-administered questionnaire collected the sociodemographic factors. The psychological factors were collected by the Chinese version of the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Perceived Stress Scale-14. Results : The prevalence of burnout in Chinese preschool teachers was 53.2% ( 95% CI：51%─56%). Burnout rate was significantly decreased in overweight ( P =0.001, OR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.42-0.79) and obesity ( P =0.048, OR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.56-1.00) teachers compared with teachers with normal weight. The type of school ( P =0.007, OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.11-1.91), income satisfaction ( P =0.001, OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.53-0.86), depression ( P <0.001, OR=3.08, 95% CI: 2.34-4.05) and perceived stress ( P <0.001, OR=1.15, 95%CI: 1.13-1.18) were significantly associated with burnout. Conclusions : The prevalence of burnout among preschool teachers in Tianjin, China, is high. Burnout was significantly associated with BMI, the type of school, income satisfaction, depression and perceived stress among Chinese preschool teachers. Keywords: Burnout, Stress, Preschool teachers, Depression

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The Progress and Promise of Interprofessional Education in Athletic Training Programs

Athletic Training Education Journal ◽

10.4085/130157 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 57-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Anthony P. Breitbach ◽

Kathrin Eliot ◽

Micki Cuppett ◽

Mardell Wilson ◽

Maria Chushak

Keyword(s):

Athletic Training ◽

Professional Education ◽

Interprofessional Education ◽

Training Programs ◽

Athletic Training Education ◽

Health Science ◽

Program Participation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Professional Programs ◽

Institutional Infrastructure

Context: Interprofessional education (IPE), an emerging theme in health professional education programs, intends to prepare students for collaborative practice in order to improve patient outcomes. In 2012, the profession of athletic training strategically began to increase program participation in IPE. Objective: This article compares 2 studies that examined the presence of IPE in athletic training. Design: Cross-sectional design utilizing similar surveys regarding athletic training program participation in, and readiness for, IPE initiatives were administered via Qualtrics in 2012 and 2015. Patients and Other Participants: Program directors of Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education–accredited athletic training programs were surveyed in 2012 and 2015 using the “Interprofessional Education Assessment and Planning Instrument for Academic Institutions” in addition to program demographic information and IPE participation. Data Collection and Analysis: The participants involved included 160 of 367 surveyed (43.6%) in 2012 and 162 of 380 surveyed (42.6%) in 2015. Results: Data were analyzed, and χ2 analysis revealed a significant relationship between level of accreditation and academic unit housing the program in both studies. Significant change was also shown in program participation in IPE from 2012 to 2015. However, institutional readiness and infrastructure for IPE was low in nearly all categories. Conclusions: Interprofessional education has a greater presence in Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education professional programs that reside in health science–related academic units and are accredited at the master's level. However, less than 50% of the programs participate in IPE. There is also a need for greater institutional infrastructure and readiness for IPE.

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