scholarly journals TERRASAR-X DINSAR FOR LAND DEFORMATION DETECTION IN JAKARTA URBAN AREA, INDONESIA

2013 ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratih Fitria Putri ◽  
Luhur Bayuaji ◽  
Josaphat Tetuko Sri Sumantyo ◽  
Hiroaki Kuze
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Geological Structures ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Differential Interferometry ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
X Band ◽  
Land Deformation ◽  
The City

The X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) onboard the TerraSAR-X satellite is useful for land subsidence detection and monitoring, since the sensor provides high spatial resolution data with a relatively short repetition cycle of 11 days. Jakarta is one of the largest cities in the world with population more 10 million as of 2011. The area has been suffering from significant effects of land subsidence that causes damages to public facilities, buildings, and other public and private properties. In this work, we exploit the capability of TerraSAR-X for detecting land subsidence in Jakarta during a four year period between 2010 and 2013 using differential interferometry SAR (DInSAR) technique. Our analysis reveals that two northern areas in the city exhibit clear indications of land subsidence varying from 8.5 to 17.5 cm/year, mostly caused by intensive human activities in addition to the vulnerability due to geological structures of these areas.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing X-Band SAR Data for Land Subsidence and Pavement Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadra Karimzadeh ◽  
Masashi Matsuoka
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Sar Images ◽  
Nw Iran ◽  
Traffic Jams ◽  
X Band ◽  
Pavement Monitoring ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Small Baseline ◽  
Sbas Insar ◽  
The City

In this study, we monitor pavement and land subsidence in Tabriz city in NW Iran using X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensor of Cosmo-SkyMed (CSK) satellites (2017–2018). Fifteen CSK images with a revisit interval of ~30 days have been used. Because of traffic jams, usually cars on streets do not allow pure backscattering measurements of pavements. Thus, the major paved areas (e.g., streets, etc.) of the city are extracted from a minimum-based stacking model of high resolution (HR) SAR images. The technique can be used profitably to reduce the negative impacts of the presence of traffic jams and estimate the possible quality of pavement in the HR SAR images in which the results can be compared by in-situ road roughness measurements. In addition, a time series small baseline subset (SBAS) interferometric SAR (InSAR) analysis is applied for the acquired HR CSK images. The SBAS InSAR results show land subsidence in some parts of the city. The mean rate of line-of-sight (LOS) subsidence is 20 mm/year in district two of the city, which was confirmed by field surveying and mean vertical velocity of Sentinel-1 dataset. The SBAS InSAR results also show that 1.4 km2 of buildings and 65 km of pavement are at an immediate risk of land subsidence.

scholarly journals Regional and local land subsidence at the Venice coastland by TerraSAR-X PSI

2015 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tosi ◽  
T. Strozzi ◽  
C. Da Lio ◽  
P. Teatini
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽  
Large Structures ◽  
Persistent Scatterer ◽  
X Band ◽  
High Image Resolution ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
The City

Abstract. Land subsidence occurred at the Venice coastland over the 2008–2011 period has been investigated by Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) using a stack of 90 TerraSAR-X stripmap images with a 3 m resolution and a 11-day revisiting time. The regular X-band SAR acquisitions over more than three years coupled with the very-high image resolution has significantly improved the monitoring of ground displacements at regional and local scales, e.g., the entire lagoon, especially the historical palaces, the MoSE large structures under construction at the lagoon inlets to disconnect the lagoon from the Adriatic Sea during high tides, and single small structures scattered within the lagoon environments. Our results show that subsidence is characterized by a certain variability at the regional scale with superimposed important local displacements. The movements range from a gentle uplift to subsidence rates of up to 35 mm yr−1. For instance, settlements of 30–35 mm yr−1 have been detected at the three lagoon inlets in correspondence of the MoSE works, and local sinking bowls up to 10 mm yr−1 connected with the construction of new large buildings or restoration works have been measured in the Venice and Chioggia historical centers. Focusing on the city of Venice, the mean subsidence of 1.1 ± 1.0 mm yr−1 confirms the general stability of the historical center.

The Comparison of Land Subsidence between East and West Side of Bangkok, Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Angkana Pumpuang ◽  
Anuphao Aobpaet
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Industrial Estates ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Land Deformation ◽  
Extensive Farming ◽  
Chao Phraya River ◽  
Set Up

The land deformation in line of sight (LOS) direction can be measured using time series InSAR. InSAR can successfully measure land subsidence based on LOS in many big cities, including the eastern and western regions of Bangkok which is separated by Chao Phraya River. There are differences in prosperity between both sides due to human activities, land use, and land cover. This study focuses on the land subsidence difference between the western and eastern regions of Bangkok and the most possible cause affecting the land subsidence rates. The Radarsat-2 single look complex (SLC) was used to set up the time series data for long term monitoring. To generate interferograms, StaMPS for Time Series InSAR processing was applied by using the PSI algorithm in DORIS software. It was found that the subsidence was more to the eastern regions of Bangkok where the vertical displacements were +0.461 millimetres and -0.919 millimetres on the western and the eastern side respectively. The districts of Nong Chok, Lat Krabang, and Khlong Samwa have the most extensive farming area in eastern Bangkok. Besides, there were also three major industrial estates located in eastern Bangkok like Lat Krabang, Anya Thani and Bang Chan Industrial Estate. By the assumption of water demand, there were forty-eight wells and three wells found in the eastern and western part respectively. The number of groundwater wells shows that eastern Bangkok has the demand for water over the west, and the pumping of groundwater is a significant factor that causes land subsidence in the area.Keywords: Subsidence, InSAR, Radarsat-2, Bangkok

Auditing, Attestation, and Financial Reporting for an Early American Charity

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
Michael Braswell ◽  
Roger B. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Agency Costs ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Early American ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT Our study examines assurance and attestation practices of the Charleston Orphan House from 1790 to 1825 and represents a response to Alchian and Demsetz's (1972) call for research into the nature of stewardship and agency costs among nonprofits by providing evidence of the largely unexplored early American practices (Moussalli 2008; Sargiacomo and Gomes 2011). We document the origins of the assurance and attestation techniques used to legitimize the Charleston Orphan House and to minimize the agency costs faced by its public and private funders. We find that assurance and attestation practices were reflected in the routine publication of the Committee on Accounts reports that served as vital elements of a governance structure that enabled the municipality and philanthropists to monitor the financial condition of the institution. These oversight efforts helped minimize agency costs that naturally arose between the Orphan House and resource providers, making it possible for the City of Charleston and private funders to efficiently allocate limited resources to mitigate social costs of managing the post-revolutionary orphan problem. Our findings provide new insights into early assurance and attestation practices and support Alchian and Demsetz's (1972) conjecture that nonprofits face similar economic motivations for utilizing financial reporting, auditing, and attestation as monitoring mechanisms as do their profit-seeking counterparts.

scholarly journals Urban Policies and Large Projects in Central City Areas: The Example of Madrid (Spain)

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Dolores Brandis García
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central City ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Urban Policies ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The City

Since the late 20th century major, European cities have exhibited large projects driven by neoliberal urban planning policies whose aim is to enhance their position on the global market. By locating these projects in central city areas, they also heighten and reinforce their privileged situation within the city as a whole, thus contributing to deepening the centre–periphery rift. The starting point for this study is the significance and scope of large projects in metropolitan cities’ urban planning agendas since the final decade of the 20th century. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the correlation between the various opposing conservative and progressive urban policies, and the projects put forward, for the city of Madrid. A study of documentary sources and the strategies deployed by public and private agents are interpreted in the light of a process during which the city has had a succession of alternating governments defending opposing urban development models. This analysis allows us to conclude that the predominant large-scale projects proposed under conservative policies have contributed to deepening the centre–periphery rift appreciated in the city.

scholarly journals An Ecosystem Innovation Framework: Assessing Mobility as a Service in Budapest

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3753
Author(s):  
Athena Roumboutsos ◽  
Ioanna Pagoni ◽  
Athena Tsirimpa ◽  
Amalia Polydoropoulou
Keyword(s):  
Urban Transport ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Document Collection ◽  
Smart Mobility ◽  
The City

Smart Mobility and the introduction of innovation in the complex and dynamic actor ecosystem of urban transport is faced with the need to manage change in order to secure sustainability and protect against negative externalities. The present contribution provides decision-makers with a tool to assess innovation strategies and monitor change over time. The proposed EcoSystem Innovation Framework (ESIF) is applied to a flagship innovation: Mobility as a Service (MaaS). The application concerns the City of Budapest, a location with highly-utilized resources and low car ownership, in contrast to other locations where MaaS is implemented. The ESIF is constructed through qualitative research (stakeholder workshops, interviews, document collection and analysis) for three (3) points in time: Summer 2018; Summer 2019 and end of 2020 (first year of the COVID-19 pandemic). The ESIF analysis was able to guide decision-makers and highlight potential future trends demonstrating the potential of the ESIF framework. For the City of Budapest, the ESIF highlighted the delicate balance in the promotion of MaaS, as the dichotomy between public and private on-demand mobility may trigger a negative modal shift. The COVID-19 pandemic has enhanced this potential. Despite public sector efforts, market opportunity has surfaced leading to contrasting interests in the ecosystem.

scholarly journals A Dynamic Information-Based Parking Guidance for Megacities considering Both Public and Private Parking

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Ho Shin ◽  
Namhun Kim ◽  
Hong-bae Jun ◽  
Duck Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Simulation Test ◽  
Dynamic Information ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Parking Management ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Spatial Resources ◽  
The City ◽  
Infant Stage

The constantly increasing number of cars in the megacities is causing severe parking problems. To resolve this problem, many cities adopt parking guidance system as a part of intelligent transportation system (ITS). However, the current parking guidance system stays in its infant stage since the obtainable information is limited. To enhance parking management in the megacity and to provide better parking guidance to drivers, this study introduces an intelligent parking guidance system and proposes a new methodology to operate it. The introduced system considers both public parking and private parking so that it is designed to maximize the use of spatial resources of the city. The proposed methodology is based on the dynamic information related parking in the city and suggests the best parking space to each driver. To do this, two kinds of utility functions which assess parking spaces are developed. Using the proposed methodology, different types of parking management policies are tested through the simulation. According to the experimental test, it is shown that the centrally managed parking guidance can give better results than individually preferred parking guidance. The simulation test proves that both a driver’s benefits and parking management of a city from various points of view can be improved by using the proposed methodology.

scholarly journals The role of the nurse in the neonatal intensive care unit: between the ideal, the real and the possible

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liciane Langona Montanholi ◽  
Miriam Aparecida Barbosa Merighi ◽  
Maria Cristina Pinto de Jesus
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public And Private Hospitals ◽  
The City ◽  
Social Phenomenology ◽  
The Ideal

The nurse is one of the professionals responsible for the care directed toward the physical, mental and social development of newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. This study aimed to comprehend the experience of nurses working in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Data collection was performed in 2008, through interviews with 12 nurses working in public and private hospitals of the city of São Paulo. The units of meaning identified were grouped into three categories: Developing actions; Perceiving their actions and Expectations. The analysis was based on social phenomenology. It was concluded that the overload of activities, the reduced number of staff, the lack of materials, equipment and the need for professional improvement are the reality of the work of the nurse in this sector. To supervise the care is the possible; integral care of the newborn, involving the parents, is the ideal desired.

scholarly journals Land deformation associated with exploitation of groundwater in Changzhou City measured by COSMO-SkyMed and Sentinel-1A SAR data

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 678-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deliang Chen ◽  
Yanyan Lu ◽  
Dongzhen Jia
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Groundwater Exploration ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Land Deformation ◽  
Small Baseline ◽  
Groundwater Rebound ◽  
Sbas Insar

Abstract The Urban Agglomeration in Yangtze River Delta is one of the most important economic and industrial regions in China. The City of Changzhou is one of the most important industrial citys in Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration. Activities here include groundwater exploration. Groundwater overexploitation has contributed to the major land deformation in this city. The severity and magnitude of land deformation over time were investigated in Changzhou City. A Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) technology, provides a useful tool in measuring urban land deformation. In this study, a time series of COSMO-SkyMed and Sentinel-1A SAR images covering Changzhou City were acquired. SBAS-InSAR imaging technique was used to survey the extent and severity of land deformation associated with the exploitation of groundwater in Changzhou City. Leveling data was used to validate the SBAR-InSAR productions, the error of SBAR-InSAR annual subsidence results was within 2 mm. The results showed that three main land subsidence zones were detected at Xinbei, Tianning and Wujin District. Four subsidence points were selected to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of land subsidence. The subsidence rate of P1 to P4 was −2.48 mm/year, −12.78 mm/year, −18.09 mm/year, and −12.69 mm/year respectively. Land subsidence over Changzhou showed a trend of slowing down from 2011 to 2017, especially in Wujin District. SBAR-InSAR derived land deformation that correlates with the water level change in six groundwater stations. Indicated that with groundwater rebound, the land rebound obviously, and the maximum rebound vale reached 9.13 mm.

scholarly journals On What Do the Homeless Base Their Happiness?

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1512
Author(s):  
Yaiza Cano-González ◽  
Carmen Portillo-Sotelo ◽  
María del Mar Rodríguez-del-Águila ◽  
María Paz García-Caro ◽  
Ana M. Núñez-Negrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Homeless Persons ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Support Strategies ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Objective: To determine the relationship between the characteristics and experiences of homeless persons and their state of happiness as a basis for designing appropriate social support strategies. Design: Exploratory observational study with an analytical and descriptive qualitative design. Setting: Participants were contacted, administered with questionnaires, and interviewed in the street (central and northern areas of the city) or at the “Asociación Calor y Café” center in Granada (Spain) between April 2017 and February 2018. Participants: Selected by intentional sampling, 25 participants completed questionnaires in the first study and 14 of these were administered with questionnaires and interviewed in the second study. Method: General and specific questionnaires were administered to determine the state of happiness and other variables. Descriptive statistics were followed by an analysis of the relationships between variables and the content analysis of semi-structured interviews. Results: A feeling of happiness was described by 64% of participants and confirmed by a happiness scale score of 50%. Participants who felt satisfied with their life were 4.5-fold more likely to feel happy (p = 0.021). Expectations for the future were not associated with happiness or satisfaction with life. Content analysis of interviews revealed three main themes: conditions for happiness, own happiness/unhappiness, and self-esteem. Conclusions: Many homeless people describe themselves as feeling happy and satisfied with their life. Material aspects, affective situations, daily life concerns, and self-esteem predominate in their discourse on happiness.

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