The impact of surface-water demand for irrigation on water availability in Chongwe catchment

Since the 1990s, under the pressure of socio-economic growth in the Ho Chi Minh City and nearby provinces, the heavy-extraction of groundwater of this area has dramatically increased to meet high water demand for domestic and industrial purposes. Although the groundwater – Saigon River interaction significantly contributes to groundwater reserves, researchers have been less attentive to fully describe and understand the river recharge. This study attempts to explore the impact of groundwater-river interaction to aquifer system due to pumping increase via field seepage and (O18, H2) isotopic measurements in the Saigon River Basin, South East of Vietnam. The analysis showed that river bed conductance at 0 km, 30 km, 60 km, 80 km, and 120 km were 4.5 m2/day/m, 4.2 m2/day/m, 2.5 m2/day/m, 1.7 m2/day/m, and 0.25 m2/day/m respectively. The riverbed conductance relies on the sand percentage of sediment. The composition δO18 in groundwater, river, and precipitation indicates that river recharge to groundwater exists mainly in the lower part of the basin. In contrast to downstream, the composition of δO18 was signified that the river primarily gains water from groundwater upstream. Under pressure of developing economies, the groundwater pumping in the Saigon river basin increased from 175,000 m3/day in 1995 to 880,000 m3/day in 2017. As a consequence of the increased pumping rate, the groundwater discharge to the river decreases from 1.6 to 0.7 times of groundwater pumping in upstream, while the amount of Saigon river recharge increases by 33% to 50% of the total groundwater pumping downstream. Under the exceedance pumping rate, the aquifers in the Saigon River Basin release less water to the Saigon river and it tends to gain more water through the river - groundwater interaction process. Therefore, groundwater management in downstream aquifers needs better joint planning with surface water development plans, particularly for surface water supply utilities which still struggle to satisfy the water demand of the development plan.

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Assessment of impacts of climate change on surface water availability using coupled SWAT and WEAP models: case of upper Pangani River Basin, Tanzania

Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences ◽

10.5194/piahs-378-23-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 378 ◽

pp. 23-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Peter Kishiwa ◽

Joel Nobert ◽

Victor Kongo ◽

Preksedis Ndomba

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Surface Water ◽

River Basin ◽

Water Use ◽

Water Availability ◽

Swat Model ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Peak Flows ◽

Global Circulation Models ◽

The Impact

Abstract. This study was designed to investigate the dynamics of current and future surface water availability for different water users in the upper Pangani River Basin under changing climate. A multi-tier modeling technique was used in the study, by coupling the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) models, to simulate streamflows under climate change and assess scenarios of future water availability to different socio-economic activities by year 2060. Six common Global Circulation Models (GCMs) from WCRP-CMIP3 with emissions Scenario A2 were selected. These are HadCM3, HadGEM1, ECHAM5, MIROC3.2MED, GFDLCM2.1 and CSIROMK3. They were downscaled by using LARS-WG to station scale. The SWAT model was calibrated with observed data and utilized the LARS-WG outputs to generate future streamflows before being used as input to WEAP model to assess future water availability to different socio-economic activities. GCMs results show future rainfall increase in upper Pangani River Basin between 16–18 % in 2050s relative to 1980–1999 periods. Temperature is projected to increase by an average of 2 ∘C in 2050s, relative to baseline period. Long-term mean streamflows is expected to increase by approximately 10 %. However, future peak flows are estimated to be lower than the prevailing average peak flows. Nevertheless, the overall annual water demand in Pangani basin will increase from 1879.73 Mm3 at present (2011) to 3249.69 Mm3 in the future (2060s), resulting to unmet demand of 1673.8 Mm3 (51.5 %). The impact of future shortage will be more severe in irrigation where 71.12 % of its future demand will be unmet. Future water demands of Hydropower and Livestock will be unmet by 27.47 and 1.41 % respectively. However, future domestic water use will have no shortage. This calls for planning of current and future surface water use in the upper Pangani River Basin.

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Analisis Neraca Air Permukaan Sub DAS Krueng Khee Kabupaten Aceh Besar

Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian ◽

10.17969/jimfp.v1i1.1183 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1002-1008

Author(s):

Arini Putri ◽

Susi Chairani ◽

Ichwana Ichwana

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Water Balance ◽

Water Potential ◽

Water Availability ◽

Water Demand ◽

Research Area ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Input Surface ◽

Balance Analysis ◽

Surface Water Storage

Pengetahuan mengenai ketersediaan air dan kebutuhan air sangat penting untuk mengetahui keseimbangan air. Perhitungan neraca air permukaan dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan ketersediaan air permukaan pada Sub DAS Krueng Khee untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air domestik dan irigasi. Data klimatologi dan sosial pada tahun 2014 yang digunakan pada penelitian. Berdasarkan penelitian ini diketahui potensi air permukaan Sub DAS Krueng Khee berasal dari air sungai dan curah hujan efektif. Jumlah potensi air dari air sungai pada tahun 2014 adalah 16.891.372,8/tahun. Ketersediaan air yang berasal dari curah hujan efektif digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kebutuhan air irigasi. Kebutuhan air yang terdapat di Sub DAS Krueng Khee meliputi: kebutuhan air domestik, irigasi, peternakan, dan industri. Analisis neraca air permukaan dilaksanakan dengan mengurangkan input air permukaan dengan output air pada daerah penelitian. Keseimbangan air permukaan (surface water balance) yang dicapai untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air di Sub DAS Krueng Khee pada tahun 2014 adalah: Perubahan simpanan air permukaan ( maksimum yaitu 4.279.181,10 /bulan pada bulan Januari (surplus), rata-rata yaitu 1.255.403,945 /bulan dan minimum yaitu 383.486,90/bulan pada bulan Oktober. Sepanjang tahun 2014 tidak terjadi kekurangan ketersediaan air untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air total Sub DAS Krueng Khee.Knowledge about water availability and water demand is significant to water balance awareness. Accounting surface water balance is to find out capability of surface water availability in Sub Watershed Krueng Khee in order to fulfill domestic and irigation water demand. Chilmatology and social data in year 2014 were used in this research. Based on the result the source of surface water potential in Sub Watershed Krueng Khee source are river water and effective rainfall. The amount of water potential from the river in year 2014 was 16.891.372,8/year. The water availability from effective ranfall used to fulfill irigation. Water demand in Sub wathershed Krueng Khee divers from domestic water demand, irigation, livestock and industry. Surface water balance analysis perfomed by subtracting input surface water with the water output in the research area. Surface water balance achieved to fulfill water demand in Sub Watershed Krueng Khee in 2014: surface water storage ( maximum was 4.279.181,10 /month in January (surplus), average was 1.255.403,945 / month and minimum was 383.486,90/month in October. Throughout the year 2014 there was no shortage of water availability to fulfill the water demand in Sub Wathershed Krueng Khee

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Evaluating integrated water management strategies to inform hydrological drought mitigation

Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ◽

10.5194/nhess-21-3113-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

pp. 3113-3139

Author(s):

Doris E. Wendt ◽

John P. Bloomfield ◽

Anne F. Van Loon ◽

Margaret Garcia ◽

Benedikt Heudorfer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Water Resources ◽

Water Supply ◽

Water Use ◽

Water Demand ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Drought Management ◽

Groundwater Storage ◽

The Impact ◽

Hydrological Droughts

Abstract. Managing water–human systems during water shortages or droughts is key to avoid the overexploitation of water resources and, in particular, groundwater. Groundwater is a crucial water resource during droughts as it sustains both environmental and anthropogenic water demand. Drought management is often guided by drought policies, to avoid crisis management, and actively introduced management strategies. However, the impact of drought management strategies on hydrological droughts is rarely assessed. In this study, we present a newly developed socio-hydrological model, simulating the relation between water availability and managed water use over 3 decades. Thereby, we aim to assess the impact of drought policies on both baseflow and groundwater droughts. We tested this model in an idealised virtual catchment based on climate data, water resource management practices and drought policies in England. The model includes surface water storage (reservoir), groundwater storage for a range of hydrogeological conditions and optional imported surface water or groundwater. These modelled water sources can all be used to satisfy anthropogenic and environmental water demand. We tested the following four aspects of drought management strategies: (1) increased water supply, (2) restricted water demand, (3) conjunctive water use and (4) maintained environmental flow requirements by restricting groundwater abstractions. These four strategies were evaluated in separate and combined scenarios. Results show mitigated droughts for both baseflow and groundwater droughts in scenarios applying conjunctive use, particularly in systems with small groundwater storage. In systems with large groundwater storage, maintaining environmental flows reduces hydrological droughts most. Scenarios increasing water supply or restricting water demand have an opposing effect on hydrological droughts, although these scenarios are in balance when combined at the same time. Most combined scenarios reduce the severity and occurrence of hydrological droughts, given an incremental dependency on imported water that satisfies up to a third of the total anthropogenic water demand. The necessity for importing water shows the considerable pressure on water resources, and the delicate balance of water–human systems during droughts calls for short-term and long-term sustainability targets within drought policies.

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Integrated Evaluation of Changing Water Resources in an Active Ecotourism Area: The Case of Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13094826 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 4826

Author(s):

Mark Ace Dela Cruz ◽

Shinichiro Nakamura ◽

Naota Hanasaki ◽

Julien Boulange

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Water Availability ◽

Water Demand ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Demand Forecasting ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Climate Risks ◽

Groundwater Supply ◽

Seasonal Droughts ◽

Water Sufficiency

Rapid urbanization, tourism, and climate change (CC) threaten water resource management in developing countries. Conventional water-planning tools cannot account for the changing effects of water disparity, climate risks, and environmental flow (EF) requirements. This paper proposes an alternative approach that applies stylized water-demand forecasting and predicting water availability from the perspectives of CC, changing society, and EF, thereby providing managers with future scenarios of surface water sufficiency/deficiency in an active ecotourism area, namely, Puerto Princesa City, Philippines. We considered (1) scenarios of seasonal droughts to prepare for climate risks in the future and (2) scenarios of water availability that do not depend on groundwater supply, in which the projected water deficiency is frequent both annually and seasonally. The results of this case study showed that an additional water supply from the Montible Watershed to the city was projected to secure sufficient amounts of water to achieve surface-water sufficiency, which is consistent with the goals of both the municipality and the water company to reduce the dependency on groundwater. Moreover, significant infrastructure investment costs must be anticipated in Scenario 3. Our approach proves efficient in modeling water demand in regions with active tourism and hydrology and therefore has the potential for further analyses and application.

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A critical review of the Ganges Water Sharing arrangement

Water Policy ◽

10.2166/wp.2019.164 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 259-276

Author(s):

Kazi Saidur Rahman ◽

Zahidul Islam ◽

Umme Kulsum Navera ◽

Fulco Ludwig

Keyword(s):

Water Availability ◽

Water Demand ◽

Regional Cooperation ◽

High Water ◽

Low Flow ◽

Critical Periods ◽

Water Sharing ◽

Water Abstraction ◽

The Ganges ◽

The Impact

Abstract The 1996 Ganges Water Sharing Treaty was an important breakthrough in solving disputes over sharing Ganges water between India and Bangladesh. This study evaluates cooperation reflected in the Treaty by performing a quantitative analysis on available water sharing data. The study recognized that inaccurate projection of future flow and the obligation of allocating guaranteed 991 m3/s flows perpetuate the ongoing water sharing conflicts. The provision of guaranteed minimal flow alternately to India and Bangladesh during critical periods leads to frequent occurrences of low-flow events. Results indicated that the Treaty underestimated the impact of climate variability and possibly increasing upstream water abstraction. Statistical analysis of the post-Treaty data (1997–2016) also indicated that 65% of the time Bangladesh did not receive its guaranteed share during critical dry periods with high water demand. It is advised to project the reliable water availability using a combination of modelling and improved observation of river flows. In addition, the condition of minimum guaranteed share should be removed to reduce the frequency of low-flow events in future. Although our analyses show a number of weaknesses, the Treaty could still enhance the future regional cooperation if some adjustments are made to the current terms and conditions.

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Analisis Ketersediaan Air Permukaan dan Proyeksi Kebutuhan Air DAS Bodri Tahun 2040

Majalah Geografi Indonesia ◽

10.22146/mgi.62382 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 84

Author(s):

Chafda Larasati ◽

Aji Wijaya Abadi ◽

M Galih Prakoso ◽

Novanna Dwi S ◽

Venny Vivid F ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Water Resources ◽

Water Balance ◽

Water Availability ◽

Water Demand ◽

Total Water ◽

Landuse Change ◽

Calculation Of Parameters ◽

Surface Water Resources ◽

Total Water Demand

Abstrak Sumberdaya air penting untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan semua makhluk hidup termasuk manusia. DAS Bodri menyediakan suplai air permukaan melalui sungai-sungai yang ada dalam DAS, yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh penduduk sekitar. Seiring berjalannya waktu, DAS Bodri mengalami perubahan penggunaan lahan yang menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan kebutuhan air dan terjadi ketidakseimbangan antara kebutuhan dan ketersediaan air permukaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, yaitu mengetahui keseimbangan antara kebutuhan air di masa yang akan datang dengan ketersediaan air permukaan di DAS Bodri tahun 2040. Perhitungan keseimbangan antara kebutuhan dan ketersediaan air permukaan dilakukan dengan membandingkan antara kebutuhan air total dan ketersediaan air permukaan. Parameter kebutuhan air total terdiri dari kebutuhan air domestik, fasilitas kesehatan, fasilitas pendidikan, fasilitas peribadatan, perkantoran, industri, pertokoan dan pasar, warung makan, peternakan, irigasi, dan tambak. Kebutuhan air di tahun mendatang diketahui melalui proyeksi secara eksponensial dan tetap dari data jumlah dalam perhitungan parameter. Kebutuhan air untuk aktivitas domestik dan nondomestik diestimasikan mencapai 2,44 miliar m3 pada tahun 2040. Hasil analisis neraca air menunjukkan bahwa status neraca air DAS Bodri tahun 2010-2019 mengalami defisiensi. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa potensi sumberdaya air permukaan masih belum mencukupi untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan air di DAS Bodri hingga tahun 2040. Abstract Water resources play an important role in meeting the needs of all living things, including humans. The Bodri watershed provides surface water supply through rivers on the watershed, which the local residents can use and utilize. Over time, the Bodri watershed underwent landuse change, which led to an increase in water demand, resulting in an imbalance between water demand and surface water availability. Calculation of the balance between demand and surface water availability is done by comparing the total water demand and the surface water availability. This study aims to determine the balance between future water demand and surface water availability in the Bodri watershed in 2040. The parameters used to determine total water demand consist of water needs of the following sectors; domestic, health facilities, educational facilities, religious facilities, offices, industry, shops and markets, food stalls, livestock, irrigation, and ponds. In the coming year, water demand is known through projections exponentially and permanently from the amount of data in the calculation of parameters. Water demand for domestic and non-domestic activities is estimated to reach 2.44 billion m3 in 2040. The water balance analysis results show that the status of the Bodri watershed water balance in 2010-2019 is deficient. The potential for surface water resources is still insufficient to meet the water needs in the Bodri watershed until 2040.

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Demonstrating the impact of integrated drought policies on hydrological droughts

10.5194/nhess-2021-129 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Doris E. Wendt ◽

John P. Bloomfield ◽

Anne F. Van Loon ◽

Margaret Garcia ◽

Benedikt Heudorfer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Water Resources ◽

Water Use ◽

Water Demand ◽

Storage Systems ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Drought Management ◽

Groundwater Storage ◽

The Impact ◽

Hydrological Droughts

Abstract. Managing water-human systems in times of water shortage and droughts is key to avoid overexploitation of water resources, particularly for groundwater, which is a crucial water resource during droughts sustaining both environmental and anthropogenic water demand. Drought management is often guided by drought policies to avoid crisis management and to actively introduce management strategies during droughts. However, the impact of drought management strategies on hydrological droughts is rarely assessed. In this study, we present a newly developed socio-hydrological model, simulating feedbacks between water availability and managed water use over three decades. Thereby, we aim to assess the impact of drought policies on both surface water and groundwater droughts. We tested this model in an idealised catchment based on climate data, water resource management practices, and drought policies in England. The model includes surface water storage (reservoir), groundwater storage for a range of hydrogeological conditions and optional imported surface water or groundwater. These modelled water sources can all be used to satisfy anthropogenic and environmental water demand. We tested four aspects of drought management strategies: 1) increased water supply, 2) restricted water demand, 3) conjunctive water use, and 4) maintained environmental flow requirements by restricting groundwater abstractions. These four strategies were evaluated in separate and combined scenarios. Results show mitigated droughts for both streamflow and groundwater droughts in scenarios applying conjunctive use, particularly in low groundwater storage systems. In high groundwater storage systems, maintaining environmental flows reduces hydrological droughts most. Scenarios increasing or restricting water demand have an opposing effect on droughts, although these scenarios are in balance when combined at the same time. Most combined scenarios reduce the severity and occurrence of hydrological droughts given an incremental dependency on imported water that satisfies up to a third of the total anthropogenic water demand. The necessity for importing water shows the considerable pressure on water resources and the delicate balance of water-human systems during droughts that calls for short-term and long-term sustainability targets within drought policies.

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Impact of an extreme dry and hot summer on water supply security in an alpine region

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2009.887 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 469-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

D. Vanham ◽

E. Fleischhacker ◽

W. Rauch

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Supply ◽

Water Availability ◽

Water Demand ◽

Change Scenario ◽

Drought Risk ◽

Hydrogeological Characteristics ◽

Ground Water Recharge ◽

Normal Period ◽

The Impact

Climate change will induce an increasing drought risk in western and southern Europe and a resulting increase in water stress. This paper investigates the impact of both the extreme hot and dry summer of 2003 and the PRUDENCE CHRM climate change scenario summer for 2071–2100 on the monthly water balance (available water resources versus water demand) within the Kitzbueheler Region in the Austrian Alps. As a baseline period the climate normal period from 1961 to 1990 was chosen. In both summer scenarios total flow and ground water recharge decrease substantially, due to the decrease in precipitation and increase in evapotranspiration However, regional water availability is still sufficient to serve all water demand stakeholders. As a result of decreased snow cover duration, flow seasonality changes within the CHRM scenario. Especially springs are very vulnerable to these climatological conditions; average local groundwater recharge is reduced by 20% up to 70% within both scenarios. Due to the hydrogeological characteristics of the case study area and the typical small structured alpine water supply infrastructure, local deficits can occur. But also groundwater aquifers in the valleys show a decrease in water availability. These results are supported by observations made in 2003 throughout Austria and Switzerland.

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