scholarly journals Feline transfusion practice in South Africa : current status and practical solutions : continuing education

1999 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Dippenaar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Transfusion Practice ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Transfusion Rate ◽  
Transfusion Therapy ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Disease Free

Blood transfusion therapy is often under-utilised in feline practice in South Africa. However, it is a technique that can be safely and effectively introduced in practice. Cats have naturally occurring allo-antibodies against the blood type that they lack, which makes blood typing, or alternatively cross-matching, essential before transfusions. Feline blood donors must be carefully selected, be disease free and should be sedated before blood collection. The preferred anticoagulant for feline blood collection is citrate-phosphatedextrose-adenine. Blood can either be administered intravenously or into the medullary cavity, with the transfusion rate depending on the cat's hydration status and cardiac function. Transfusion reactions can be immediate or delayed and they are classified as immunological or non-immunological. Indications, methods and techniques to do feline blood transfusions in a safe and economical way are highlighted.

scholarly journals 2021 ISFM Consensus Guidelines on the Collection and Administration of Blood and Blood Products in Cats

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 410-432
Author(s):  
Samantha Taylor ◽  
Eva Spada ◽  
Mary Beth Callan ◽  
Rachel Korman ◽  
Ellie Leister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autologous Blood ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Cross Matching ◽  
Recipient Selection

Practical relevance: Blood and blood products are increasingly available for practitioners to use in the management of haematological conditions, and can be lifesaving and therapeutically useful for patients with anaemia and/or coagulopathies. It is important for feline healthcare that donors are selected appropriately, and transfusions of blood or blood products are given to recipients that will benefit from them. Complications can occur, but can be largely avoided with careful donor management and recipient selection, understanding of blood type compatibility, and transfusion monitoring. Clinical challenges: Feline blood transfusion, while potentially a lifesaving procedure, can also be detrimental to donor and recipient without precautions. Cats have naturally occurring alloantibodies to red cell antigens and severe reactions can occur with type-mismatched transfusions. Blood transfusions can also transmit infectious agents to the recipient, so donor testing is essential. Finally, donors must be in good health, and sedated as appropriate, with blood collected in a safe and sterile fashion to optimise the benefit to recipients. Transfusion reactions are possible and can be mild to severe in nature. Autologous blood transfusions and xenotransfusions may be considered in certain situations. Evidence base: These Guidelines have been created by a panel of authors convened by the International Society of Feline Medicine (ISFM), based on available literature. They are aimed at general practitioners to provide a practical guide to blood typing, cross-matching, and blood collection and administration.

Current status and intervention of South Africa chicken production – A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
P. Ayodeji Idowu ◽  
Oliver Zishiri ◽  
K. Agree Nephawe ◽  
Bohani Mtileni
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Current Status

scholarly journals Improving transfusion practice in transfusion dependent thalassaemia patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chathupa Wickremaarachchi ◽  
Elizabeth McGill ◽  
Annmarie Bosco ◽  
Giselee Kidson-Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Fluid Overload ◽  
Transfusion Practice ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Transfusion Rate ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Medical Review ◽  
Transfusion Reaction ◽  
Change In Practice

The aim of this study was to improve current transfusion practice in transfusiondependent thalassaemia patients by determining whether safe transition from triplewashed red cells (TWRC) to leucodepleted red cells (LDRC), increasing transfusion rates, reducing the use of frusemide and creating uniform practice across patients is possible. In patients receiving regular transfusions (50), triple-washed red blood cells were changed to LDRC, transfusion rates were increased to 5 mL/kg/h (in line with the Cooley’s Foundation guidelines) to a maximum of 300 mL/h and frusemide was ceased. Medical review occurred at completion of the transfusion. Of the 20 patients on TWRC, 18 were transitioned to leucodepleted red cells (90%). Recurrent allergic reactions in 2 patients required re-institution of TWRC. 7 of the 8 patients on regular frusemide ceased this practice with no documented transfusion-related fluid overload. One patient refused. Of the eligible 50 patients, 20 patients (40%) were increased to the maximum transfusion rate of 300 mLs/h; 6 (12%) increased rate but refused to go to the maximum; 9 (18%) refused a change in practice and 15 (30%) were already at the maximum rate. There was only one documented transfusion reaction (palpitations) however this patient was able to tolerate a higher transfusion rate on subsequent transfusions. Thalassemia patients on TWRC were safely transitioned to LDRC. Transfusion rates were safely increased, with a calculated reduction in day-stay bed time of 17.45 h per month. This confirms a guideline of 5 mL/kg/h for transfusion-dependant thalassaemia patients with preserved cardiac function is well tolerated and may be translated to other centres worldwide. 本研究的目的是通过确定是否有可能进行从三洗红细胞（TWRC）到去白细胞红细胞（LDRC）的安全过渡，提高输血速率，减少速尿的使用，并在患者中实施统一规则，从而改进输血依赖型地中海贫血患者中现有的输血实践。在接受定期输血的患者（50例）中，将三洗红细胞改为 LDRC，输血速率提高至5 mL/kg/h（符合库利氏贫血基金会的指引），最高可达到300 mL/h，并停止使用速尿。输血完成后进行体检。在使用TWRC的20例患者中，18例转为去白细胞红细胞（90%）。2例患者产生的复发性过敏反应需要重新输以TWRC。8名定期使用速尿的患者中，7名中止了使用该药物，并且没有输血相关液体超负荷的相关记录。一名病人拒绝。在符合条件的50例患者中，20例（40%）增加至300 mL/h的最大输血速率；6例（12%）输血速率提高但拒绝增加至最大；9例（18%）拒绝做出改变，15例（30%）已经达到了最大速率。只产生一例有记录的输血反应（心悸），但是该患者在随后的输血中能够耐受更高的输血速率。使用TWRC的地中海贫血患者安全转用LDRC。输血速率安全地得到提高，计算出减少的白天卧床时间为每月17.45小时。这证实了5 mL/kg/h的指引在心功能得到保护的输血依赖型地中海贫血患者中有良好的耐受性，可以推广至全球其他中心。

scholarly journals Narrative review of EHDI in South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selvarani Moodley ◽  
Claudine Storbeck
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Screening ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Newborn Hearing ◽  
Made In

Background: With 17 babies born with hearing loss every day in South Africa, there is a pressing need for systematic Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) services. Progress is being made in offering newborn hearing screening and studies have been conducted to document these processes within South Africa. However, due to the lack of a national and holistic overview of EHDI services to date, an accurate picture of the current status of EHDI within the South African context is required. Objective: To document and profile what has been published within the field of EHDI in South Africa over the last two decades (Jan 1995–Sept 2014) in order to gain a comprehensive overview of the current status and practice of screening and diagnosis in the field of paediatric hearing loss. Method: A narrative review of peer-reviewed articles related to EHDI in South Africa was conducted by searching the EBSCOHOST, SCOPUS and JSTOR databases for the period January 1995 to September 2014. Results: Results indicate that over the last two decades research and publications in the field of EHDI have increased considerably. These publications have revealed extensive knowledge related to paediatric hearing screening and intervention services in South Africa; however, this knowledge seems to be limited primarily to the provinces of Gauteng and the Western Cape. Furthermore, studies pertaining to diagnosis have revealed that, although much has been written on the scientific aspects on tools for diagnosis of hearing loss, there is a lack of comprehensive information on diagnostic protocols and procedures. Conclusion: Despite the clear progress being made in South Africa in the field of early hearing detection and intervention, there is a need for comprehensive studies on protocols and procedures in diagnosing paediatric hearing loss. Finally, the narrative review revealed a clear need to ensure that development and growth in the field of EHDI is a national priority and extends beyond the two provinces currently showing growth.

The Invasive Vespidae in South Africa: Potential Management Strategies and Current Status

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. van Zyl ◽  
P. Addison ◽  
R. Veldtman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Current Status

scholarly journals Radioactive nuclides in phosphogypsum from the lowveld region of South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol Volume 112 (Number 1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xolani Msila ◽  
Frans Labuschagne ◽  
Werner Barnard ◽  
David G. Billing ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Radioactive Nuclides ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Activity Concentration Index

Abstract We evaluated the suitability of phosphogypsum from the Lowveld region of South Africa (LSA), for the manufacturing of building materials, with reference to (1) the National Nuclear Regulator Act 47 of 1999 and (2) the radioactivity associated risks as quantified in terms of the external and internal hazard indices, the activity concentration index and the radium equivalent. The distribution of radioactive nuclides in the LSA phosphogypsum was also examined. Analyses of 19 samples of the phosphogypsum show that phosphogypsum contains lower activity concentrations of naturally occurring radioactive nuclides of uranium and thorium and their progeny than the 500 Bg/kg limit set for regulation in South Africa. The potassium-40 (40K) activity concentration was below the minimum detectable amount of 100 Bq/kg. The values obtained for external and internal hazard indices and the activity concentration index were: 2.12 0.59, 3.44 0.64 and 2.65 0.76 respectively. The calculated radium equivalent Raeq was 513 76Bq/kg. The final decision regarding phosphogypsum’s suitability for use as a building material should consider scenarios of use.

scholarly journals International Real Estate Review

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-104
Author(s):  
Robert A. Simons ◽  
◽  
Jesse Saginor ◽  
Aly H. Karam ◽  
Hlengani Baloyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Bidder Behavior ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Residential Properties

This study reports the results of a contingent valuation (CV) survey that was carried out in Johannesburg, South Africa. Students at Wits University conducted more than 300 face-to-face interviews with Africans living and/or working in Soweto, an African township located on the outskirts of Johannesburg, and nearby areas. The questions they asked were designed to determine the perceptions of risk regarding airborne mine dust and radon, a naturally occurring gas, and the effect that these perceptions had on the valuation of residential properties impacted by these substances. A probit model was used to evaluate the determinants of bidder behavior, using respondent demographics and other characteristics as independent variables. Residential property discounts for potentially contaminated housing sites by marginal bidders at the top of the market varied from -24% to -50%. Research issues in developing countries were addressed. Contingent valuation results in South Africa were compared to published results in the United States.

scholarly journals ​Erythrocyte Parameters as a Diagnostic Tool in Canine Medicine: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Yadav ◽  
N. Ahmed ◽  
A.J. Nath ◽  
P.K. Boro
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Parameters Estimation ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Health Practitioner ◽  
Blood Transport ◽  
Haematological Analysis ◽  
The Individual

The haematological analysis is one of the essential diagnostic and prognostic tools for the health practitioner. Routine hematology consists of erythrocyte, leucocyte and platelet parameters estimation. Erythrocyte parameters (RBC, RDW, haemoglobin, haematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC) estimation plays a crucial role in identifying anemia and several other acute and chronic conditions. Accurate and precise haematology results depend on correct blood collection procedures, suitable anticoagulants, proper storage and effective blood transport. The individual reference value variance can be due to age, sex, stress, diet, body condition, hydration status and reproductive status. Automatic haeamtology analyzer can yield quick and accurate results provided the sample is free from any artifacts. In conclusion, the accuracy of the result of automatic haematology analyzer in canine medicine is impeded by the lack of precise and rapid comparison procedure, instability and complexity of blood cells. Therefore the findings of the automatic haemotolyzer should always be corroborated with the clinical findings and another laboratory test.

scholarly journals Anatomy Of The Southern African Customs Union: Structure And Revenue Volatility

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Harold P. E. Ngalawa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Business Cycles ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Trading Bloc ◽  
Revenue Volatility ◽  
Union Structure

This paper studies the evolution of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), tracing it from its inception in 1889 as the Customs Union Convention, the worlds first customs union, to its current status. While the union has operated under different agreements, which have been negotiated and renegotiated with changing circumstances, the study identifies the agreements of 1889, 1910, 1969 and 2002 as key to the unions transformation. It is observed that SACU has evolved from a geopolitical organisation with a repressive colonial foundation to a well-integrated regional trading bloc that is perceived as a possible springboard for larger regional trading blocs in Africa. The study further explores evidence of declining SACU revenue and investigates its implications on government expenditures in the small members of the union; namely, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland (BLNS countries). It is found that among the members of the union, Lesotho and Swaziland are the most dependent on SACU transfers and, consequently, the most vulnerable to the current downward trend in SACU revenue. While Namibia has traditionally relied on diamond exports, it has also been receiving large SACU transfers relative to its GDP. In addition, the study observes that the present SACU revenue sharing formula adopted in 2002 exposes the BLNS countries to instabilities arising from global business cycles more than it does South Africa.

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