scholarly journals Revising Stanley’s footsteps: encountering the ‘other’ in Darkest England (1996) by Christopher Hope

Literator ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
H. Roos
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Black Africa ◽  
Colonial Texts ◽  
Travel Writings

As has now become a familiar image in Hope’s writings, once again ttie idea of looking at a society from the position of an outsider and an exile forms the central theme of Darkest England (1996). In this satirical novel, the tradition of nineteenth-century travel writings set in a colonial context is reversed, undermined, and then remarkably recreated to portray the present-day manifestation of encounters and relations between (black) Africa and the (white) West. Presenting the (fictional) journals of a Khoisan leader, David Mungo Booi, within a dynamic frame of reference to classical colonial texts by, among others, Livingstone and Stanley. Hope writes a new travel report. This essay discusses how, by the reversal of point of view, a change in time and space, and creating a satirical mood, the colonizer and the colonized are interchanged and the original texts are evoked to be rewritten. The notions of Self/Other, colonial /(post-)colonial and primitive/civilized are placed in new and disturbing contexts, adding to the complex structure of this fascinating text.

scholarly journals From Baranowski to Baranauskas, from James to Ngũgĩ: Post-Colonial Aspects of Linguistic Switch

2020 ◽  
pp. 219-245
Author(s):  
Paweł Bukowiec
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
World Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contemporary Fiction ◽  
Post Colonial

The article attempts to perform a comparative study of the phenomenon of the so-called linguistic switch, i.e., a change of languages in which the writer creates his/her works. One side of the analysis focuses on nineteenth-century Lithuanian poets, represented mainly by Antanas Baranauskas, and the other on the contemporary Kenyan prose writer Ngu˜g˜ wa Thiong’o. The juxtaposition of ı such extremely distant authors: 1. allows a better understanding of the specificity of multilingualism in both eighteenth-century Lithuanian literature and contemporary fiction; 2. proves once again the universality of postcolonial sensitivity; 3. constitutes an attempt at comparative thinking in the context of world literature.

Ancient Malagasy Dynastic Succession; The Merina Example

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 247-292
Author(s):  
Paul Ottino
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pedagogical Model ◽  
Arthurian Romance ◽  
Dynastic Succession

My paper dealing with the Andriambahoaka universal sovereigns and the Indonesian heritage that they embodied brought out the eminently religious character of the Malagasy marvelous tales, disarticulated fragments from a Malay myth of origin. As Françoise Raison has noted, the religious value of Ibonia was still perfectly felt in Imerina during the first half of the nineteenth century. I do not hark back to the possibilities offered by the notion of Hikayat--or in Malagasy the Tantara--at once narration and imitation--“semblance,” as it was called in the Arthurian Romance of the Grail. These notions refer to these Shiʿite syntheses, sometimes with gnostic and dualist ideas borrowed from neo-platonism and the ancient Babylonian philosophies of Lights which, introduced into Madagascar by an Indonesian relay, conceived the descendants of Andriambahoaka in the image of that of the imāms descended from Muḥammad through his daughter Fāṭima and her husband ʿAlī--prototype of Ramini, ancestor of the ZafiRaminia and fourth Caliph, but more importantly the first imām, initiator, after the cycle of revelation that Muḥammad closed, of the cycle of explanation, of initiation, of the “return,”, that is, of walayāt.We are far from this “pedagogical model” that I evoked previously with regard to the other celestial line of the knights seeking the Grail. Far, too, from the unsatisfactory notions of ideology or the “imaginary” such as Georges Duby uses in his recent work, even though his chapter on “L'exemplarité celeste” returns to an infinitely richer universe, very near that which Henry Corbin describes. Can one truly explain from an agnostic point of view facts that are essentially perceived and experienced as religious? In any event going from Ibonia and the marvelous tales of the Andriambahoaka to the historical legends and genealogies in the first chapter of the Tantara ny Andriana of Callet, translated as Histoire des rois, we pass on to something entirely different.

scholarly journals Global West, American Frontier

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Wrobel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
The West ◽  
American Frontier ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Travel Writings ◽  
The Common ◽  
Travel Writers

This article questions the common assumption that nineteenth-century audiences in America and around the world viewed the American western frontier as an exceptional place, like no other place on earth. Through examination of travel writings by Americans and Europeans who placed the West into a broader global context of developing regions and conquered colonies, we see that nineteenth-century audiences were commonly presented with a globally contextualized West. The article also seeks to broaden the emphasis in post-colonial scholarship on travel writers as agents of empire who commodified, exoticized, and objectified the colonized peoples and places they visited, by suggesting that travel writers were also often among the most virulent critics of empire and its consequences for the colonized.

IV. Gladstone and the Composition of the Final Court in Ecclesiastical Causes, 1850–73

1966 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Privy Council ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Legal Questions ◽  
Main Criticism ◽  
Court Of Appeal ◽  
The Church

The ‘Final Court’ of Appeal in causes ecclesiastical in this period was the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council as amended by 3 and 4 Viet. c. 86, s. 16, whereby every archbishop or bishop who was a Privy Councillor was made a full member of the Committee for Ecclesiastical Appeals, and one at least of them had to sit. The function of the Judicial Committee as the final arbiter of legal questions which might involve Anglican doctrine and usage was much criticized by churchmen throughout the nineteenth century. Criticism was directed mainly along two channels. It was argued that the Church's freedom to mould her own spiritual life could not be absolute while the Crown, through the Judicial Committee, might, by accident or intention, interfere in questions of doctrine. This argument aimed at removing the Church from all external judicial supervision and implied the eventual dis-solution of the constitutional bond between Church and State—a prospect which a few extreme High Churchmen regarded with equanimity. The other main criticism was that the Judicial Committee, as amended by 3 and 4 Viet, c. 86, was neither a truly civil nor a truly ecclesiastical court, but merely, as Gladstone described it in 1850, ‘pseudo-ecclesiastical’. Of this point of view, Bishop Wilberforce was the most consistent and the most powerful representative.

Can the ‘Subaltern’ Ride? A Reply to O'Hanlon and Washbrook

1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyan Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Third World ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
The Third ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Mode Of Production

The problem with Prakash, O'Hanlon and Washbrook conclude, is that he tries to ride two horses at once—one Marxist, the other poststructuralist deconstructionist. ‘But one of these may not be a horse that brooks inconstant riders. …’ So, they say we must choose only one to ride on, not both because the two, in their view, have opposing trajectories. One advances historical understanding and progressive change, the other denies history and perpetuates a retrogressive status quo. Posed in this manner, the choices involve more than a dispute over which paradigm provides a better understanding of the histories of the third world and India. At stake is the writing of history as political practice, and the only safe bet, from their point of view, is Marxism (of their kind), not the endless deferral and nihilism of deconstruction and postmodernism. Having set up this opposition, O'Hanlon and Washbrook's either/or logic has no place for the productive tension that the combination of Marxist and deconstructive approaches generates. They are uncomfortable with those recent writings that employ Marxist categories to analyze patterns of inequalities and exploitation while also using deconstructive approaches to contend that Marxism is part of the history that institutionalized capitalist dominance—approaches which argue that although Marxism can rightfully claim that it historicizes the emergence of capitalism as a world force, it cannot disavow its history as a nineteenth-century European discourse that universalized the mode-of-production narrative.

scholarly journals Modes of pointing to existing spaces and the use of frames of reference

Gesture ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Le Guen
Keyword(s):  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
External Cues ◽  
The Status ◽  
Systematic Framework

This paper aims at providing a systematic framework for investigating differences in how people point to existing spaces. Pointing is considered according to two conditions: (1) A non-transposed condition where the body of the speaker always constitutes the origo and where the various types of pointing are differentiated by the status of the target and (2) a transposed condition where both the distant figure and the distant ground are identified and their relation specified according to two frames of reference (FoRs): the egocentric FoR (where spatial relationships are coded with respect to the speaker’s point of view) and the geocentric FoR (where spatial relationships are coded in relation to external cues in the environment). The preference for one or the other frame of reference not only has consequences for pointing to real spaces but has some resonance in other domains, constraining the production of gesture in these related domains.

The Letter concerning Enmities as a Polemical Source for Monastic Relations of the Mid-Sixteenth Century

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Ostrowski
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
The One

The Letter concerning Enmities between the Kirillov and Iosifov Monasteries has been used since the middle of the nineteenth century as a major source for monastic relations of the early sixteenth century. It is a mid-sixteenth-century composition extant in a single copy. Most likely composed in the Volokolamsk Monastery by Vassian Koshka (d. 1568), the former archimandrite of the Vozmitsk Monastery, the Letter describes disagreements between Nil Sorskii and his follower Vassian Patrikeev, on the one hand, and Iosif Volotskii and his followers Dionisii Zvenigorodskii and Nil Polev, on the other. It is a polemical source intended to convince the reader that Nil Sorskii and Vassian Patrikeev provoked these disagreements. Containing inaccuracies, inexactitudes, and unconfirmable assertions, the testimony of the Letter differs from early sixteenth-century sources. It is not a reliable source of evidence for the early sixteenth century, but the point of view of its author is better understood within the context of Church-State and internal monastic relations of the post-Stoglav middle of the sixteenth century.

Afterword

Good Form ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
Jesse Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Victorian Literature ◽  
Victorian Novel ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Realism ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Moral Thought ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand

This afterword explores how the arguments in this book relate to the question of literary periodization. This is, without question, a book on Victorian literature, written in the context of Victorian moral thought. From that point of view, it is very much rooted to a specific time and place. On the other hand, many of the arguments and theoretical ideas in this book rely on a certain concept of realism that would seem to extend beyond Britain and beyond the nineteenth century. The closing thoughts of this chapter consider just how much of the book's argument is portable to a larger discussion of literary realism. In so doing, the afterword hopes to elaborate the ways in which the Victorian novel, and the moral thought that attached to it, has continued to influence people's larger sense of how works from the past can seem to be, in some odd way, about them.

Creative Misreading: Why We Talk Past Each Other

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Analytic Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Analytic Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Working Through ◽  
Integrated Theory ◽  
Psychoanalytic Theories

A close look at Gedo's recent paper on working through reveals a number of devices used in the development of competing psychoanalytic theories, devices which result in analysts talking past each other. Starting with the notion that all theorists “misread” their predecessors, the author examines how different views of the past create confusion in the dialogue between Gedo and his commentators. He then takes up the issue of how data emerging from the neurosciences can be used to support many different psychoanalytic theories and suggests that there will always be a “metaphorical leap” from one frame of reference to the other. Finally, he examines how the drawing of sharp dichotomies both within a theory and between one theory and another misrepresents analytic work and exaggerates differences between one point of view and another. Thus, various devices that are used to buttress one version of analytic theory make it more difficult to develop a more integrated theory and to correlate psychoanalytic data with those emerging from the neurosciences.

scholarly journals Film as an Artefact

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
Lencer Achieng’ Ndede, ◽  
Simon Peter Otieno ◽  
Miriam Musonye
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Class Group ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Economic Issues

Films are important sites to access materials about a community's history and heritage. This paper, from an Afrocentric point of view and guided by post-colonial literary criticism, interrogates the two films; Nairobi Half Life and The Kitchen Toto with a view to establish the extent to which filmic representations can reflect the society. It looks at how the forces that were /are present in colonial and post-colonial Kenya have been developed in the two films. The paper, specifically looks at the issues of governance and identity in  the Kenyan society and focuses on how the forces present in the colonial and post-colonial Kenyan government divided people in terms of ‘us’ and the ‘other’ (colonizer-colonized in The Kitchen Toto and haves and have-nots in Nairobi Half Life) with the process of ‘othering’ resulting into alienation and loss of identity. It traces the protagonists’ conscious struggle and move to relocate themselves from the strictures and imprisoning experiences of ‘othering’, appraising the protagonist’s denial of this alienation in his acceptance of homecoming. Thus the issue the study tackles is that of Kenyans loss, the subsequent alienation from their culture and their own selves and the struggle to reclaim these selves once the realization of that loss is made. The paper lays bare social issues such as how socio-economic issues can contribute to one becoming a criminal; in Nairobi Half Life, and how a specific class/group of people in the society can be ‘criminalized’ in The Kitchen Toto. The conclusion reveals that the protagonists find their identity and fulfilment in the totality of their religions, culture ancestral heritage and a sense of belonging. The paper is based on the argument that films mirror the society.

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