scholarly journals Global West, American Frontier

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Wrobel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
The West ◽  
American Frontier ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Travel Writings ◽  
The Common ◽  
Travel Writers

This article questions the common assumption that nineteenth-century audiences in America and around the world viewed the American western frontier as an exceptional place, like no other place on earth. Through examination of travel writings by Americans and Europeans who placed the West into a broader global context of developing regions and conquered colonies, we see that nineteenth-century audiences were commonly presented with a globally contextualized West. The article also seeks to broaden the emphasis in post-colonial scholarship on travel writers as agents of empire who commodified, exoticized, and objectified the colonized peoples and places they visited, by suggesting that travel writers were also often among the most virulent critics of empire and its consequences for the colonized.

scholarly journals Revising Stanley’s footsteps: encountering the ‘other’ in Darkest England (1996) by Christopher Hope

Literator ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
H. Roos
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Black Africa ◽  
Colonial Texts ◽  
Travel Writings

As has now become a familiar image in Hope’s writings, once again ttie idea of looking at a society from the position of an outsider and an exile forms the central theme of Darkest England (1996). In this satirical novel, the tradition of nineteenth-century travel writings set in a colonial context is reversed, undermined, and then remarkably recreated to portray the present-day manifestation of encounters and relations between (black) Africa and the (white) West. Presenting the (fictional) journals of a Khoisan leader, David Mungo Booi, within a dynamic frame of reference to classical colonial texts by, among others, Livingstone and Stanley. Hope writes a new travel report. This essay discusses how, by the reversal of point of view, a change in time and space, and creating a satirical mood, the colonizer and the colonized are interchanged and the original texts are evoked to be rewritten. The notions of Self/Other, colonial /(post-)colonial and primitive/civilized are placed in new and disturbing contexts, adding to the complex structure of this fascinating text.

scholarly journals Cultural Aspect of Regional Patriotism Fostered in the Nineteenth-Century Literature of Autochthon Upper Silesians

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-140
Author(s):  
Krystyna Kossakowska-Jarosz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Awareness ◽  
National Minority ◽  
Upper Silesia ◽  
Nineteenth Century Literature ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Century Literature

This text is part of the author’s research on the literary culture of the nineteenth-century UpperSilesia. The author shows that at the forefront of modern Europe (at the beginning of industrializationand urbanization of the continent) the autochthon writers of Upper Silesia undertook actionsaimed at fostering cultural awareness amongst their compatriots, who were considered to belong toa national minority, in order to instil patriotic feelings in them. In the current post-colonial discoursetheir struggles are recognized as the “voice of the periphery”. Striving to achieve civic maturity intheir Polish ecumene, these writers demonstrated considerable knowledge of their own Polish rootsas the inhabitants of this region. They assumed they must be aware of their distinctness from thedominant society in the Prussian state. The messages conveyed to their compatriots consisted inemphasizing the common history of Silesians and Poles and remembering the glorious past of thelatter. These were the foundations for shaping the sense of identity as well as for creating strongties with their own land. The development of such an emotional attitude towards the place and itspast among the readers allowed for effective building of patriotic attitudes, which was confirmed bycontemporary observers of the writers’ efforts. They continued coming to Upper Silesia from otherregions of the former Polish Republic to learn about ways of writing “for people.”

scholarly journals The Emergence of Modern Shi‘ism

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-161
Author(s):  
Liyakat Takim
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The West ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Islamic Reform ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Twelver Shi'ism

This is the first comprehensive work on the origins, development, and sociopoliticalramifications of the Usuli movement within Twelver Shi‘ism. Giventhat Wahid Bihbahani (1709-91), the founder and catalyst for Usuli revivalismduring the nineteenth century, is barely known in the West, it is a welcome additionto the growing Western literature on medieval and modern Shi‘ism. Thisongoing movement is the most powerful force in Twelver Shi‘ism.Using a wide range of primary and secondary sources, Heern highlightsthe emergence of modern Usulism during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.While locating its genesis within a global context, he outlines its ideologicalroots, historical background, and development. His central argument isthat Usulism was a response to the ummah’s changing sociopolitical conditionsand part of a wider trend of Islamic reform and revivalist movements that beganin the eighteenth century. He maintains that its emergence enabled the Shi‘iclerical establishment to attain sociopolitical and economic ascendancy in Iranand Iraq, and that the movement survived without government patronage bycultivating transnational links with the Shi‘i laity. For him, Shi‘i Islam’s recentascendancy is the result of the neo-Usuli movement ...

The Early Yeats and the Pattern of History

PMLA ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-328
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The West ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Common ◽  
Historical Sketch

In 1926, coming upon Spengler's Decline of the West, Yeats was amazed and delighted. “Here is a very strange thing,” he wrote to Sturge Moore, “which will show you what I meant when I wrote of individual man not being shut up in a bottle.” While he had been drawing his diagrams for the historical sketch in A Vision, Spengler's first edition had been going through the press. Had there been some occult communication? “I can almost say… that there is no difference in our interpretation of history (an interpretation that had never occurred to anybody before) that is not accounted for by his great and my slight erudition.” Though Yeats exaggerated, the similarities are substantial; but the means of communication are more various than he wished to allow. Many of Spengler's views were far from novel; and Yeats's early acquaintance with philosophies of history was much broader than his disclaimers of erudition imply. In fact, by 1895 his own historical symbolism was taking clear form; and like Spengler's system, it was amply nourished by the common thought of nineteenth-century Europe.

Colonized through Language: The Case of Early Childhood Education

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhika Viruru
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
Natural Way

In this article, the privilege accorded to language as the ‘natural’ way of human expression and communication is problematized. Drawing upon multiple post-colonial sources, the author suggests that this is yet another of the ways in which dominant Western ways of viewing the world are imposed upon diverse groups of people, including young children. Questions are asked about whose interests are best served when language is privileged over other modes of communication. Acquiring language is often perceived as a crucial tool in the growth of young children; however, the question is rarely asked, what is lost when language is gained. The article also provides examples from an ethnographic study done in India that suggests that children can engage in complex forms of communication that do not involve language. Finally, the article addresses the common assumption that using language mostly means using one language. Dominant Western discourses about language are almost overwhelmingly unilingual; however, most of the world's children use and live in multilingual environments.

scholarly journals On the Origin of the Pastorals' Authenticity Criticism: A ‘New’ Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
Jermo Van Nes
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Common ◽  
New Perspective

It is generally agreed among contemporary scholars that the modern critique of the authorship claim of the New Testament letters addressed to Timothy and Titus originated in early nineteenth-century Germany with the studies of Schmidt and Schleiermacher on 1 Timothy. However, a late eighteenth-century study by the British clergyman Edward Evanson challenges this consensus as it proves Titus to have been suspect of pseudonymity before. This ‘new’ perspective found in Evanson's neglected source also nuances the common assumption that from its very beginnings the critical campaign against the letters' authenticity was mainly driven by linguistic considerations.

The Borders of Colonial Encounter: The Case of Israel’s Wall

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Ahmad H. Sa’di
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
West Bank ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The West ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Common Experience ◽  
The Common ◽  
Colonial Encounter ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

AbstractAlthough Israel’s constructed wall in the West Bank has been discussed in a voluminous literature, some basic questions have largely remained unanswered. This paper tackles two such questions: Firstly, what is the relationship between Zionism and the conception of the wall? This question follows an assumption that the wall’s idea is neither new, nor was it solely triggered by immediate security considerations. Secondly, why do European countries (in addition to the U.S.) oppose the imposition of sanctions against Israel for breaching international law by building the wall? A post-colonial perspective has been employed to discuss the role that borders (particularly hard ones) have assumed in the colonial encounter in the stages of expansive and contraction colonialism. Moreover, through this perspective, the common experience of Israel and the European colonial heritage with regard boundaries is considered.

scholarly journals Imaginary travellers: Identity conceptualisations of the audience among travel journalists

Journalism ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1030-1048
Author(s):  
Andrew Duffy ◽  
Shrutika Mangharam
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Travel Writing ◽  
Foreign Country ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
The West ◽  
Power Dynamic ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Travel Writers ◽  
Tourist Behaviour

Travel journalists cannot know each traveller for whom they write, so they must imagine what a reader wants. The subsequent journalism influences how tourists travel and engage with a foreign country and its inhabitants. This article uses an independent/connected framework of tourist behaviour to identify how travel journalists imagine their readers’ interests. Through content analysis of texts in newspapers from Asia and the West, we find that the reader is more often imagined as independent and adventurous than connected and concerned with tourist sights. However, the latter were more common in Asia, which suggests that travel writers across the globe imagine readers differently. It suggests that in an increasingly globalised world, the post-colonial power dynamic that has been a stalwart of scholarly thought on travel writing may be outdated and could be more usefully replaced by one that considers the financial privilege of tourism, seen in texts from both hemispheres.

Neuerscheinungen zu Nietzsches Ästhetik

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 346-352
Author(s):  
Uwe Rauschelbach
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
The Self ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Language And Music ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
The Common

AbstractContent and formal structures are inextricably linked in Nietzsche’s texts. Formal qualities convey meaning, for example, by indicating whether an expressed thought should be understood as an assertion, or rather subverted and ultimately negated. The following recent publications explore intermediality and performativity in Nietzsche’s language from different perspectives. Federico Celestini and Rüdiger Görner each examine the musicality of Nietzsche’s language against the grain of the common assumption of the language-like character of music. However, the two authors arrive at different conclusions about the correspondence between language and music in Nietzsche’s work. A volume edited by Christian Benne and Dieter Burdorf draws connections between Nietzsche and the philologist Rudolf Borchardt in terms of their concept of language. While Nietzsche and Borchardt exhibit parallels with regard to language skepticism and the self-creative process of writing, they fundamentally disagree in their conception of art. Finally, Diemo Landgraf sees Nietzsche’s work as the culmination of nineteenth-century decadent literature, grounding his critique of Nietzsche’s unique approach, which arises out of a music philosophical perspective, by labelling it as nihilistic.

Contents of Western Sociology of Religion as a Science and Educational Discipline

2002 ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Liudmyla O. Fylypovych
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
International Society ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Sociology of religion in the West is a field of knowledge with at least 100 years of history. As a science and as a discipline, the sociology of religion has been developing in most Western universities since the late nineteenth century, having established traditions, forming well-known schools, areas related to the names of famous scholars. The total number of researchers of religion abroad has never been counted, but there are more than a thousand different centers, universities, colleges where religion is taught and studied. If we assume that each of them has an average of 10 religious scholars, theologians, then the army of scholars of religion is amazing. Most of them are united in representative associations of researchers of religion, which have a clear sociological color. Among them are the most famous International Society for the Sociology of Religion (ISSR) and the Society for Scientific Study of Religion (SSSR).

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