scholarly journals Responses of serum electrolytes of goats to twelve hours of road transportation during the hot-dry season in Nigeria, and the effect of pretreatment with ascorbic acid

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.O. Ayo ◽  
N.S. Minka ◽  
A.K.B. Sackey ◽  
A.B. Adelaiye
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Serum Electrolytes ◽  
Serum Chloride ◽  
Hot Dry Season ◽  
And Control ◽  
Muscular Damage ◽  
Experimental Group

Twenty goats which served as the experimental group were administered ascorbic acid (AA) per os at a dosage rate of 100 mg/kg body mass, while 20 others served as controls and were given 10 mt each of sterile water. Forty minutes after the administration and loading, the goats were transported for 12 h. Handling and loading of the experimental and control groups of goats decreased (P < 0.05) the potassium and sodium serum concentrations. The concentration of serum chloride, sodium and calcium increased significantly (P< 0.05) immediately post-transportation, while potassium and magnesium decreased (P < 0.05) in the control goats. In AA-treated goats sodium and magnesium concentrations decreased abruptly (P< 0.05), while calcium increased significantly (P< 0.05) after transportation. Handling, loading and transportation adversely affected the electrolyte balance of the goats which suggested respiratory alkalosis, dehydration and muscular damage in the transported goats, and the administration of AA alleviated the adverse effects of road transportation stress on serum electrolytes.

scholarly journals Modulatory effect of ascorbic acid on physiological responses of transported ostrich chicks

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minka N. Salka ◽  
Ayo J. Olusegun
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Hot Dry Season ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

The aims of this study were to determine the modulating role of ascorbic acid (AA) on rectal temperature (RT), heterophil to lymphocyte (H to L) ratio and aberrant behaviours of ostrich chicks transported by road for 4 h during hot-dry conditions. Twenty ostrich chicks aged 2.5 months, of both sexes and belonging to the Red Neck breed, served as subjects of the study. The chicks were assigned randomly to AA-treated and control groups, consisting of 10 chicks each. The AA-treated group was administered orally with 100 mg/kg body weight of AA dissolved in 5 mL of sterile water 30 min before transportation, whilst the control group was given the equivalent of sterile water only. The thermal load (TL) experienced in the vehicle during transportation fluctuated between 31 °C and 89 °C, as calculated from the ambient temperature and relative humidity. Transportation induced hyperthermia, lymphopenia, heterophilia and aberrant behaviours of pecking, wing fluffing and panting, which were ameliorated by AA administration. The relationships between the TL, journey duration and physiological variables of RT, H to L ratio and aberrant behaviours recorded during transportation were significantly and positively correlated in the control group. In AA-treated group the relationships were not significantly correlated. In conclusion, the results showed for the first time that AA ameliorated the adverse effects of stress caused by road transportation on the aberrant behaviours, RT and H to L ratio of ostrich chicks during the hot-dry season.

scholarly journals Modulating Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Transport-Induced Immunosuppression in Goats

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndazo Salka Minka ◽  
Joseph Olusegun Ayo
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
High Ambient Temperature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Hot Dry Season ◽  
Transportation Stress ◽  
Group 1

The effect of 12 h road transportation on some basic blood cells and the modulating role of ascorbic acid were investigated in 40 adult Red Sokoto goats during the hot dry season. The animals were divided into two groups, GI (experimental; ) and GII (control; ). Group 1 was administered with ascorbic acid (AA) per os at a dosage rate of 100 mg/kg body weight, while GII was given 10 mL of sterile water per goat. Forty minutes after the administration and loading, the goats were transported for 12 h. The result obtained in GII goats showed that loading, transportation, high ambient temperature (AT), and relative humidity (RH) encountered during transportation induced lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and eosinopenia, which can cause immunosuppression. In GI goats, the administration of AA prior to loading and transportation ameliorated the adverse effects of loading and transportation stress on neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and eosinopenia of the goats.

scholarly journals Modulating Role of Vitamins C and E against Transport-Induced Stress in Pullets during the Hot-Dry Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Minka ◽  
J. O. Ayo
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Hot Dry Season ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Transportation Stress

The modulating effects of ascorbic acid (AA), vitamin E (E), and a combination of AA and E () against eight-hour road transportation stress were investigated in 120 pullets during the hot-dry season. The result obtained showed that handling, loading and transportation induced lymphopenia, neutrophilia, liveweight loss, and mortality, which was alleviated by oral administration of AA, E, and at doses of 60 mg, 30 mg, and  mg per kg bodyweight, respectively, 30 minutes before being loaded and transported. The meteorological conditions recorded during the study period were higher () than the thermoneutral values established for chickens in the zone. In conclusion, the administration of vitamins AA, E, and , especially AA, ameliorated the risk of adverse effects of handling, loading, transportation, and thermal stress in pullets during the hot-dry season.

scholarly journals Effects of road transportation on excitability scores of pigs administered with ascorbic acid during the hot-dry season

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 906-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwafemi Asala Olayinka ◽  
Olusegun Ayo Joseph ◽  
Yahaya Adenkola Adeshina ◽  
Salka Minka Ndazo
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Hot Dry Season

The Effect of Applying POSSE (Predict- Organize-Search-Summarize-Evaluate) on the Students’ Reading Comprehension

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Rejeki Maha ◽  
Berlin Sibarani
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multiple Choice Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was aimed at finding out The Effect of Applying POSSE (Predict-Organize-Search-Summarize-Evaluate) Strategy on the Students’ Reading Comprehension. This study used the experimental design. The population of this study was the students of SMA Negeri 2 Medan. There were sixty students taken as the sample of the research. This study was conducted with two randomized groups namely experimental and control group. The experimental group was taught by applying POSSE strategy while control group was taught without applying POSSE strategy. The instrument of collecting the data was multiple choice test which consists of 40 items. To obtain the reliability of the test, the researcher used Kuder-Richardson (KR-21). The calculation shows the reliability was 0.81(high). The data were analyzed by using t-test. The calculation shows that t-observed (4.76) is higher than t-table (2.00) at the level of significance (α) 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 58. Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. It means that there was a significant effect of applying POSSE strategy on the students’ reading comprehension. Keywords: POSSE Strategy, Reading Comprehension.

The Effect of Applying Learning Together Method on the Students’ Reading Comprehension

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haryato Siregar ◽  
Elia Masa Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
Multiple Choice Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Learning Together

This study was aimed at finding out the effect of applying Learning Together Method on the students’ reading comprehension. This study used the experimental design. The population of this study was the students of SMP Negeri 1 Muara. There were sixty students of eighth class as the sample of the research. This study was conducted with two randomized groups namely experimental and control group. The experimental group was taught by applying Learning Together Method while control group was taught without applying Learning Together Method. The instrument of collecting the data was multiple choice test which consists of 20 items. To obtain the reliability of the test, the researcher used Kuder-Richardson (KR-21) formula. The calculation shows the reliability was 0.82(high). The data were analyzed by using t-test. The calculation shows that t-observed (4.9) is higher than t-table (2.00) at the level of significance (α) 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 58. Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. It means that teaching reading comprehension by applying Learning Together Method significantly affect reading comprehension. Keywords: Learning Together Method, Reading Comprehension

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING ANIMAL CARTOON PICTURES ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasanul Arifin Zul And Masitowarni Siregar
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Narrative Text ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Writing Achievement ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Written Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This thesis is focused on the investigation of the effect of applying animal cartoon pictures on students’ achievement in writing narrative text. This study aims to find whether applying animal cartoon pictures significantly affect the students’ writing achievement or not. The data in this study were obtained by administering a written test. The population was the 2015/2016 first year (grade XI) of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam and 66 students were taken as the sample by using random sampling. The sample was divided into two groups, experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught by applying animal cartoon pictures while the control group without animal cartoon pictures (x = lecturing). The data were taken the scores from the pre-test and post-test to both experimental and control groups. These data were analyzed by using t-test. The result of computing the t-test obviously showed that t-observed is higher than t-table (5.21 >1,67) with the degree of freedom 64 (df =N-2) at the level significance 0,05 one tail test. It showed that the application of animal cartoon pictures significantly affected the students of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam achievement in writing narrative text.

THE EFFECT OF PEER REVIEW STRATEGY ON THE STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Agus Murniasih And I Wayan Dirgeyasa
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
And Control ◽  
Essay Test ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was conducted to know the effect of applying Peer Review Strategy on the students’ achievement in writing descriptive paragraph. It was conducted by using experimental research method. This research design was conducted pre-test, post test in experimental and control group. The population of this research was the eight (VIII) grade students of SMP IT IQRA’ Medan. The sample of this research was taken by lottery technique. They were in class VIII-1 by experimental group and the class VIII-2 by control group. The experimental group was taught by using Peer Review Strategy while the control group was given no treatment. The instrument used to collect the data was writing essay test. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The result showed that the value of t-observed was higher than the value of t-table. (3,55 > 2,05 (a = 0.05)) with the degree of freedom (df) = 28. It means that there was a significant effect of applying Peer Review Strategy on the students’ achievement in writing descriptive paragraph. So, the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING DEMONSTRATION METHOD ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN SPEAKING SKILL AT THE THIRD GRADE OF SMK PAB 3 MEDAN ESTATE

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryanti Napitupulu And Anni Holila Pulungan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Speaking Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was conducted as an attempt to discover the effect of applying Demonstration Method on students’ achievement in speaking skill. It was an experimental research. The subject was students of Grade XII, Vocational High School (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan: SMK), which consisted of 79 students. The research was divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. The instrument used to collect the data was speaking test. To obtain the reliability of the test, the writer applied Kuder Richardson 21 formula. The result of the reliability was 0.7, and it was found that the test was reliable. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The analysis showed that the scores of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant m = 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 77, t-observed value 8.9 > t-table value 1.99. The findings indicate that using Demonstration Method significantly affected the students’ achievement in speaking skill. So, English teachers are suggested to use Demonstration Method in order to improve students’ achievement in speaking skill.

THE EFFECT OF RAP (READ, ASK, PARAPHRASE) STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION IN READING ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION TEXT

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika N. And Lince Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multiple Choice Tests ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study focused on finding out the effect of applying RAP (Read, Ask,Paraphrase) Strategy on students’ reading comprehension in reading analyticalexposition text. This study was conducted in experimental design. The populationof this research was the second year of students in SMA Swasta Katolik BudiMurni 2 Medan. There were seventy students of the second year senior highschool students as the sample of the research. This study was conducted with tworandomized groups namely Experimental Group and Control Group. Theexperimental group was taught by applying RAP Strategy, while the control groupwas taught by applying conventional strategy. The instrument of collecting thedata was multiple choice tests which consisted of 25 items. The data wereanalyzed by using t-test formula. The calculation shown that t-observed (5.36)was higher than t-table (1.994) at the level of significance (α) 0.05 with the degreeof freedom (df) 68. It means that there was a significant effect of applying RAPStrategy on students’ reading comprehension in reading analytical exposition text.

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