scholarly journals Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana seroprevalence in HIV-positive, HIV-negative and clinically healthy volunteers in Gauteng, South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia N. Trataris ◽  
Lorraine Arntzen ◽  
Jennifer Rossouw ◽  
John Frean ◽  
Allan Karstaedt
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Bartonella Quintana ◽  
Hiv Negative

Bartonella is a genus of opportunistic, Gram-negative bacilli transmitted from animals to human hosts. Bartonellae are newly emerging pathogens that can cause a variety of clinical manifestations in both immunocompromised and healthy persons.The aims were to determine the IgG and IgM seroprevalences of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals using an immunofluorescence assay (IFA).A total of 382 HIV-positive outpatients of the Chris Hani Baragwanth HIV-clinic, 382 retrospective residual samples from HIV-negative antenatal patients, and 42 clinically healthy volunteers were tested using a commercially available IFA kit to determine the prevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies to B. henselae and B. quintana.The IgM and IgG seroprevalences for the HIV-positive patients were 14% (53/382) and 32% (121/382), respectively, compared to 18% for both IgM (62/342) and IgG (63/342) in the HIV- negative antenatal patients. Similarly, the prevalence for IgM was 17% (7/42) and IgG was 19% (8/42) for the clinically healthy volunteers.HIV-positivity appears to be a significant risk factor for Bartonella infection, compared with healthy subjects. Although IFAs have a high sensitivity for Bartonella antibody detection, they have various limitations including cross-reactivity with other closely-related human pathogens.

Clinical outcomes of syphilis in HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM: occurrence of repeat syphilis episodes and non-treponemal serology responses

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054887
Author(s):  
Silvia Achia Nieuwenburg ◽  
Ricardo Jamie Sprenger ◽  
Maarten Franciscus Schim van der Loeff ◽  
Henry John Christiaan de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviour ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv Negative

ObjectivesHIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) may be at a higher risk of repeat syphilis, have different clinical manifestations and have a different serological response to treatment compared with HIV-negative MSM. The objective of this study was to assess whether HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM with infectious syphilis (primary, secondary or early latent) differed in history of previous syphilis episodes, disease stage and non-treponemal titre of initial and repeat episodes, and the titre response 6 and 12 months after treatment. Furthermore, determinants associated with an inadequate titre response after treatment were explored.MethodsThis retrospective analysis used data of five longitudinal studies (four cohorts; one randomised controlled trial) conducted at the STI clinic in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Participants were tested for syphilis and completed questionnaires on sexual risk behaviour every 3–6 months. We included data of participants with ≥1 syphilis diagnosis in 2014–2019. Pearson’s χ² test was used to compare HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM in occurrence of previous syphilis episodes, disease stage of initial and repeat syphilis episode and non-treponemal titre treatment responses.ResultsWe included 355 participants with total 459 syphilis episodes. HIV-positive MSM were more likely to have a history of previous syphilis episodes compared with HIV-negative MSM (68/90 (75.6%) vs 96/265 (36.2%); p<0.001). Moreover, HIV-positive MSM with repeat syphilis were less often diagnosed with primary syphilis (7/73 (9.6%) vs 36/126 (28.6%)) and more often diagnosed with secondary syphilis (16/73 (21.9%) vs 17/126 (13.5%)) and early latent syphilis (50/73 (68.5%) vs 73/126 (57.9%)) (p=0.005). While not significantly different at 12 months, HIV-negative MSM were more likely to have an adequate titre response after 6 months compared with HIV-positive MSM (138/143 (96.5%) vs 66/74 (89.2%); p=0.032).ConclusionsIn repeat syphilis, HIV infection is associated with advanced syphilis stages and with higher non-treponemal titres. HIV infection affects the serological outcome after treatment, as an adequate titre response was observed earlier in HIV-negative MSM.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of the sucB Gene Encoding the Immunogenic Dihydrolipoamide Succinyltransferase Protein of Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and Bartonella quintana

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 4818-4822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Gilmore, ◽  
Amber M. Carpio ◽  
Michael Y. Kosoy ◽  
Kenneth L. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Q Fever ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Expression Library ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Bartonella Quintana ◽  
Genomic Expression ◽  
Dihydrolipoamide Succinyltransferase

ABSTRACT Members of the genus Bartonella have historically been connected with human disease, such as cat scratch disease, trench fever, and Carrion's disease, and recently have been recognized as emerging pathogens causing other clinical manifestations in humans. However, because little is known about the antigens that elicit antibody production in response to Bartonella infections, this project was undertaken to identify and molecularly characterize these immunogens. Immunologic screening of a Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genomic expression library with anti-Bartonella antibodies led to the identification of the sucB gene, which encodes the enzyme dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase. Antiserum from a mouse experimentally infected with live Bartonella was reactive against recombinant SucB, indicating the mounting of an anti-SucB response following infection. Antigenic cross-reactivity was observed with antiserum against other Bartonella spp. Antibodies against Coxiella burnetti, Francisella tularensis, and Rickettsia typhi also reacted with our recombinant Bartonella SucB. Potential SucB antigenic cross-reactivity presents a challenge to the development of serodiagnostic tests for other intracellular pathogens that cause diseases such as Q fever, rickettsioses, brucelloses, tularemia, and other bartonelloses.

scholarly journals Secondary Syphilis in Patients Treated at the City Institute for Skin and Venereal Diseases in Belgrade from 2010 to 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Milan Bjekić
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Secondary Syphilis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Venereal Diseases ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The City ◽  
Hiv Negative

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics and clinical manifestations of secondary syphilis among patients registered at the City Institute for Skin and Venereal Diseases in Belgrade, during the period from 2010 to 2014. The study was designed as a case-note review. In the five-year period, a total of 62 patients with secondary syphilis were registered. The average patient age was 32 years. There were 45 (72.6%) HIV-negative, and 17 (27.4%) HIV-positive patients. The incidence of HIV–positive patients was significantly different from random distribution (p = 0.016). All HIV-positive patients were unmarried men. A significant percentage of HIV-positive patients were unemployed (p < 0.001), reported unknown source of infection (p = 0.002) and were all homosexuall (p = 0.026). More than 25% of all patients with syphilis had a history of chancres, and it was still present at the time of examination in 11.3% of all patients. The majority of cases (87.1%) had a rash, and lymphadenopathy was found in 20% of patients. However, syphilitic alopecia was detected only in HIV-positive cases (p = 0.004). There were no statistically significant differences between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients in regard to other clinical manifestations, such as mucous patches and condylomata lata. Being a great imitator, secondary syphilis may manifest in a myriad of diverse morphological entities and clinical manifestations. We review a range of cutaneous manifestations of secondary syphilis and skin diseases it may mimic. Clinicians must be vigilant and consider syphilis in differential diagnosis, and maintain a high index of suspicion, especially when assessing vulnerable populations, such as men who have sex with men and HIV-infected individuals.

scholarly journals Bartonella spp. seroprevalence in tick-exposed Swedish patients with persistent symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Edvinsson ◽  
Camilla Norlander ◽  
Kenneth Nilsson ◽  
Andreas Mårtensson ◽  
Elisabet Skoog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Tick Bite ◽  
Symptom Duration ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Specific Symptom ◽  
Bartonella Quintana ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Animal Contact

Abstract Background Bartonella spp. are emerging pathogens transmitted by arthropod vectors, possibly including ticks. We have investigated signs of bartonellosis in Swedish patients with presumed tick-bite exposure and symptom duration of at least 6 months. Methods Serological testing for Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana was performed in 224 patients. Symptoms, tick exposure, evidence of co-infection and previous treatments were evaluated. Seropositive patients were compared to a matched group (twofold larger and negative serology) from the same study cohort. Results Seroprevalence was 7% for B. henselae and 1% for B. quintana, with one patient testing positive to both agents. Tick bites were reported by 63% of the patients in the seropositive group and 88% in the seronegative group and presumed tick exposure was more common in the seronegative group. Animal contact was equally common in both groups, along with reported symptoms. The most common symptoms were fatigue, muscular symptoms, arthralgia and cognitive symptoms. Exposure to co-infections was evenly distributed in the seropositive and seronegative groups. Conclusions Antibodies to Bartonella were more common in this cohort of patients than in cohorts of healthy Swedish blood donors in previous studies but lower than those in blood donors from southern Europe. Positive Bartonella serology was not linked to any specific symptom, nor to (suspected) tick-bite exposure. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Detection of Bartonella henselae DNA in clinical samples including peripheral blood of immune competent and immune compromised patients by three nested amplifications

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Hatamoto Kawasato ◽  
Léa Campos de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira Velho ◽  
Lidia Yamamoto ◽  
Gilda Maria Barbaro Del Negro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Bartonella Quintana

Bacteria of the genus Bartonella are emerging pathogens detected in lymph node biopsies and aspirates probably caused by increased concentration of bacteria. Twenty-three samples of 18 patients with clinical, laboratory and/or epidemiological data suggesting bartonellosis were subjected to three nested amplifications targeting a fragment of the 60-kDa heat shock protein (HSP), the internal transcribed spacer 16S-23S rRNA (ITS) and the cell division (FtsZ) of Bartonella henselae, in order to improve detection in clinical samples. In the first amplification 01, 04 and 05 samples, were positive by HSP (4.3%), FtsZ (17.4%) and ITS (21.7%), respectively. After the second round six positive samples were identified by nested-HSP (26%), eight by nested-ITS (34.8%) and 18 by nested-FtsZ (78.2%), corresponding to 10 peripheral blood samples, five lymph node biopsies, two skin biopsies and one lymph node aspirate. The nested-FtsZ was more sensitive than nested-HSP and nested-ITS (p < 0.0001), enabling the detection of Bartonella henselae DNA in 15 of 18 patients (83.3%). In this study, three nested-PCR that should be specific for Bartonella henselae amplification were developed, but only the nested-FtsZ did not amplify DNA from Bartonella quintana. We conclude that nested amplifications increased detection of B. henselae DNA, and that the nested-FtsZ was the most sensitive and the only specific to B. henselae in different biological samples. As all samples detected by nested-HSP and nested-ITS, were also by nested-FtsZ, we infer that in our series infections were caused by Bartonella henselae. The high number of positive blood samples draws attention to the use of this biological material in the investigation of bartonellosis, regardless of the immune status of patients. This fact is important in the case of critically ill patients and young children to avoid more invasive procedures such as lymph nodes biopsies and aspirates.

scholarly journals Measles in adults: A comparison of hospitalised HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina E. Diana ◽  
Charles Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: Although measles is traditionally a childhood illness, there are an increasing number of adult cases. Despite both measles and HIV infection being endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, there are little data regarding outcomes in co-infected patients.Objectives: Compare demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiographic features, as well as outcome (length of hospital stay, complications and mortality) between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adult patients admitted with confirmed measles.Methods: We conducted a retrospective record review of adult patients with confirmed measles who were admitted to the Infectious Diseases Unit at the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital during the peak of the 2009 and 2010 South African measles outbreak. The data collected included demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters, as well as outcomes.Results: Of the 33 confirmed measles cases admitted, 24 patients were tested for HIV infection and 18 tested seropositive. There were no significant differences in the demographics, clinical findings or laboratory data when comparing the HIV-positive and HIV-negative cases. Serious clinical manifestations were seen more frequently in HIV-positive patients (odds ratio [OR] 5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48–51.8, p = 0.34). One of the six patients testing HIV-negative developed pneumonia, while six of the 18 HIV-positive patients had a course complicated by pneumonia. Five of these HIV-positive patients required admission to the intensive care unit, three developing respiratory failure necessitating mechanical ventilation. HIV-positive patients had several other manifestations, including acute kidney injury, purulent conjunctivitis, pancreatitis and encephalitis. HIV-positive patients had a significantly longer hospital stay (p = 0.03). There were three deaths in the HIV-positive group, but none in the HIV-negative group (OR 2.9, 95% CI 0.13–65.3, p = 0.55).Conclusion: Our study provides data on the largest series of hospitalised adults infected with HIV and co-infected with measles. More severe consequences seemed to occur in hospitalised HIV-positive patients.

scholarly journals Risk Factors and Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C among Patients Hospitalized at Mulago Hospital, Uganda

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. O'Reilly ◽  
P. Ocama ◽  
C. K. Opio ◽  
A. Alfred ◽  
E. Paintsil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mulago Hospital ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hcv Antibody ◽  
Hiv Negative

The emergence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and its associated sequelae in Africa is a cause for significant concern. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients are at an increased risk of contracting HCV infection due to similar risk factors and modes of transmission. We investigated the seroprevalence of hepatitis C in hospitalized HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients in Mulago Hospital, an academic hospital in Uganda. Blood samples were first tested for HCV antibodies, and positive tests were confirmed with HCV RNA PCR. We enrolled five hundred patients, half HIV-positive and half HIV negative. Overall, 13/500 patients (2.6%) tested positive for HCV antibodies. There was no difference in HCV antibody detection among HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. Out of all risk factors examined, only an age greater than 50 years was associated with HCV infection. Traditional risk factors for concurrent HIV and HCV transmission, such as intravenous drug use, were exceedingly rare in Uganda. Only 3 of 13 patients with detectable HCV antibodies were confirmed by HCV RNA detection. This result concurs with recent studies noting poor performance of HCV antibody testing when using African sera. These tests should be validated in the local population before implementation.

scholarly journals Clinical signs of tuberculosis relapses in HIV patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Zorkаltsevа ◽  
Yu. O. Egorovа
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Hiv Negative

The objective: to study clinical manifestations of tuberculosis relapses and their treatment outcomes in patients with HIV infection.Subjects and Methods. 132 medical records of patients with tuberculosis relapses were analyzed; 69 of them were HIV-positive and 63 were HIV-negative. All of them were admitted to Irkutsk Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Hospital from 2016 to 2019, and then continued treatment of tuberculosis on the out-patient basis. Treatment efficacy was assessed in February 2020.Results. More severe clinical forms of tuberculosis relapses were typical of HIV patients including generalized forms affecting the central nervous system. Therefore, among these patients, the mortality rate is significantly higher (24.6%) than in tuberculosis relapses with no concurrent HIV infection (6.3%), p ≤ 0.05.

scholarly journals Course of HBV-infection in HIV-infected and HIV-non-infected Pregnant women

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Galyna Mateyko ◽  
Maryana Matvisiv
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Carrier Status ◽  
Hbsag Carrier ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Hiv Negative

The objective of the work – is to study the course of HBV-infection in pregnant women, infected and uninfected with HIV, based on the analysis of clinical-laboratory parameters. Materials and methods. HBV-infection was diagnosed in 5.6% of women with negative HIV-status and in 9.4% positive with HIV. To verify the diagnosis of HBV-infection, the data of anamnesis, clinical examination, laboratory tests: general clinical, biochemical, EIA, PCR, and VL in each trimester of pregnancy were used. Research. In HIV-negative pregnant women, 71.6% of the patients were diagnosed with HBsAg carrier status and 28.4% – the replication stages. Replication stages were only in HIV-positive patients. The frequency of clinical manifestations of CHB is higher in HIV-positive women – it is 33.33% vs 10.00% in HIV-negative (p<0.05), in a significantly lower rate of cytolysis – 11.11% vs 45.00% (p< 0.001), which did not increase up to the childbirth. The rate of VL of HBV increased before the childbirth in 63.3% of pregnant women without HIV-infection, and in 36.7% it did not change. Thus, in 83.3% of HIV-infected, it decreased to the threshold, and in 16.7% it hasn’t changed (p<0.01). During pregnancy, the immunotolerant phase of CHB in women of both groups was not transformed into immunoactive, and in HIV-negative pregnant women – the carrier status of HBsAg to the replicative form. Conclusion. In pregnant women with HIV-infection the incidence of replicative forms of HBV-infection is 3.5 times than in pregnant women without HIV-infection, the HBsAg carrier status is not determined. HIV-immunosuppression is accompanied by the prevalence of the immunotolerant phase of CHB (88.9%) with subclinical course without disturbance of pigmentary metabolism and cytolysis increase against the background of a decrease of VL HBV up to the threshold in 83.3% (p<0.01). The inverse weak correlation between the level of CD4 + T-lymphocytes and VL HBV was determined. In HIV-negative pregnancies, latent forms of HBV-infection prevail (71.6%). Replicative forms are characterized by a low degree (80.0%) of HBV viremia (p<0.05) with minimal cytolysis in 43.3% of women (p<0.001), which did not change during pregnancy.

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