Mall shopping preferences and patronage of mature shoppers

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel G. Rousseau ◽  
Daniel J.L. Venter
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Model Fit Indices ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Value Add ◽  
Buying Behaviour

Orientation: Retailers often consider other market segments ahead of mature consumers because they perceive that they have limited purchasing power. This study addressed this misperception by investigating the buying behaviour of mature consumers.Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the buying behaviour of mature consumers (older than 55) in Port Elizabeth shopping malls.Motivation for the study: The perception of mature shoppers as old people with limited financial resources is untrue. This study investigates the behaviours of mature shoppers.Research design, approach and method: A model guided the investigation. The authors facilitated four focus groups to gain insight into mature consumers’ buying behaviours. A field survey followed with a sample of mall shoppers (n = 680). The authors performed content analysis of the focus group material and used SPSS and AMOS programs to analyse the data quantitatively.Main findings: Focus group interviews revealed specific buying behaviours of mature shoppers. The survey showed significant relationships between various determinants that influence respondents’ buying behaviours with adequate model fit indices. These results confirmed the convergent and discriminant validity of the model that comprises mall shopping anticipation, experience and patronage.Practical/managerial implications: Mature shoppers’ expectations exceeded their experiences, suggesting dissatisfaction with some aspects of their experiences. Retailers and shopping mall managers need to redesign malls if they wish to cater for the segment of ageing shoppers and their spending power.Contribution/value-add: The study contributes to the research available in South Africa on service at shopping malls that cater for mature consumers.

scholarly journals Ethical challenges in assessment centres in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vuyani R. Muleya ◽  
Linda Fourie ◽  
Sandra Schlebusch
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Subject Matter Experts ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Value Add ◽  
Interpretative Research

Orientation: Assessment Centres (ACs) are used globally for the selection and development of candidates. Limited empirical evidence exists of the ethical challenges encountered in the use of ACs, especially in South Africa (SA).Research purpose: Firstly, to explore possible ethical challenges related to ACs in SA from the vantage point of the practitioner and, secondly, to search for possible solutions to these.Motivation for the study: Decisions based on AC outcomes have profound implications for participants and organisations, and it is essential to understand potential ethical challenges to minimise these, specifically in the SA context, given its socio-political history, multiculturalism, diversity and pertinent legal considerations.Research design, approach and method: A qualitative, interpretative research design was chosen. Data were collected by means of a semi-structured survey that was completed by 96 AC practitioners who attended an AC conference. Content analysis and thematic interpretation were used to make sense of the data. The preliminary findings were assessed by a focus group of purposively selected subject-matter experts (n = 16) who provided informed insights, which were incorporated into the final findings. The focus group suggested ways in which specific ethical challenges may be addressed.Main findings: The findings revealed many ethical challenges that can be better understood within a broad framework encompassing 10 themes: Universal ethical values; multicultural global contexts; the regulatory-legal framework for ACs in SA; characteristics of the assessor; psychometric properties of the AC; characteristics of the participant; bias and prejudice; governance of the AC process; ethical culture of the employer organisation and the evasive nature of ethics as a concept.Practical and managerial implications: Considerable risk exists for the unethical use of ACs. An awareness of possible areas of risk may assist AC stakeholders in their search for ethical AC use.Contribution or value-add: The study may contribute to an evidence-based understanding of the ethical aspects of ACs. The recommendations may also benefit all AC stakeholders who wish to use ACs ethically.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF AN INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE PRESCHOOL TEACHERS´ BELIEFS IN INQUIRY-BASED ACTIVITIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gavora ◽  
Adriana Wiegerová
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Teachers ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Teachers Beliefs ◽  
Model Fit Indices ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Methods

Professional beliefs is an important factor that influences activities that preschool teachers organize and manage in the classroom. In order to determine how strong these beliefs are, valid and reliable instruments must be at disposal. This research aimed to develop and validate DPBA, an instrument designed to measure teachers´ beliefs toward the use of inquiry-based activities in preschool classes. A sample of 1,004 Czech preschool teachers was used to obtain the validation data. From the initial set of 40 items, a final version of DPBA with 22 items was created in a series of analyses. Principal component and maximum likelihood methods with Varimax rotation were used to extract an appropriate scale structure. DPBA is composed of three subscales, Benefits (12 items), Teacher competence (6 items) and Concerns (4 items), which have reliabilities of .906; .847 and .729, respectively. The overall reliability of the instrument is .883. Consistently high reliability coefficients were obtained in subsamples of respondents of varied years of practice and education, thus verifying a solid internal consistency of the instrument. Confirmatory factor analysis proved a theoretical model with the three subscales with adequate model fit indices. Overall, DPBA possesses sound psychometric properties when used with Czech preschool teachers. Keywords: inquiry-based activities, preschool teacher, instrument development, teacher beliefs.

scholarly journals Investigating retention and workplace implementation of board game learning in employee development

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Wait ◽  
Mariette Frazer
Keyword(s):  
Workplace Learning ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Board Game ◽  
Business Simulation ◽  
Simulation Games ◽  
Board Games ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Game Intervention ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Value Add

Orientation: Business simulation games for the development of learners take many forms, such as video games and computer games, and are popular choices in academia. The board game, however, is an underutilised educational tool in the development of employees.Research purpose: The retention of board game learning long after the intervention, and the workplace implementation of the decisions it has involved, is an area neglected by academia.Motivation for the study: This study wanted to determine if board games are an effective teaching tool by investigating retention and workplace learning of board games.Research design, approach and method: This qualitative study used descriptive interpretation and deductive content analysis based on two group interviews conducted 1 year after the board game was played.Main finding: This study showed that the participants retained and implemented the learning long after the board game intervention. It is a practical, interactive way to encourage teamwork and allows participants to learn and implement decisions.Practical and managerial implications: Company executives should consider board games as an alternative to traditional educational methods of developing employees.Contribution or value-add: This study showed overwhelmingly that employees still remember the board game 1 year after the intervention and implemented some of its learning in the workplace.

scholarly journals Confirmatory and Exploratory Factor Analysis for Validating the Phlegm Pattern Questionnaire for Healthy Subjects

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunho Kim ◽  
Boncho Ku ◽  
Jong Yeol Kim ◽  
Young-Jae Park ◽  
Young-Bae Park
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Model Fit Indices

Background. Phlegm pattern questionnaire (PPQ) was developed to evaluate and diagnose phlegm pattern in Korean Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine, but it was based on a dataset from patients who visited the hospital to consult with a clinician regarding their health without any strict exclusion or inclusion. In this study, we reinvestigated the construct validity of PPQ with a new dataset and confirmed the feasibility of applying it to a healthy population.Methods. 286 healthy subjects were finally included and their responses to PPQ were acquired. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted and the model fit was discussed. We extracted a new factor structure by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and compared the two factor structures.Results. In CFA results, the model fit indices are acceptable (RMSEA = 0.074) or slightly less than the good fit values (CFI = 0.839, TLI = 0.860). Many average variances extracted were smaller than the correlation coefficients of the factors, which shows the somewhat insufficient discriminant validity.Conclusions. Through the results from CFA and EFA, this study shows clinically acceptable model fits and suggests the feasibility of applying PPQ to a healthy population with relatively good construct validity and internal consistency.

scholarly journals Sound and consumer buying behaviour: do apparel retailers take note of the effect of sound on buying behaviour.

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 375-382
Author(s):  
Elsa C. Nell ◽  
Michael Colin Cant
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
Buying Decisions

The main aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sound on consumers buying behaviour in apparel retail stores. The type of research design used in this study was exploratory in nature, making use of a qualitative approach and a communicative technique of focus group interviews and naïve sketches. The data gathered was analysed by means of Tesch’s inductive descriptive coding technique, better known as thematic analysis. It was found that sound has the ability to influence consumers in either a subconscious or a conscious way. This has a direct influence on the amount of time that consumers are willing to spend in-store and ultimately influencing their buying decisions and behaviour in either a positive or a negative way.

scholarly journals Asserting Factors of Consumer Purchase Intention towards Chinese Products on M-Commerce Platform

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6871-6879
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Model Fit Indices ◽  
Consumer Purchase Intention ◽  
Managerial Implications

The presence of Chinese products around the world is a reality. No country is left without using Chinese products, India is no exception to this fact. On the other side, MCommerce platform is becoming popular among Indian consumers in their day to day purchasing. Factors that has an influence on purchase intention, has been casted in this study. Hence this article aims to validate factors i.e. Trust, Quality, Design, and Price in context of Chinese product on MCommerce. Researcher has used primary and secondary data for this study. Secondary data was collected from research papers and based on expert opinion. Primary data was collected from India. Judgmental sampling technique used in this study. Sample size was 350 respondents. Researcher has used CFA method to validate the factors. Results shows, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and Model fit indices, have met the criteria. These Factors were found to be significant driver of Purchase Intention. Then Managerial implications were drawn for domestic marketer, Chinese marketers, and the marketers from other parts of the world.

scholarly journals Psychometric Testing of the Korean Version of the Caring Behaviors Inventory-24 in Clinical Nurses

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Younhee Kang ◽  
Sook Jung Kang ◽  
In-Suk Yang ◽  
Haeok Lee ◽  
Joyce Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Caring Behaviors ◽  
Clinical Nurses ◽  
Model Fit Indices

Purpose: To determine psychometric properties of the Caring Behaviors Inventory-24 (CBI-24) among Korean clinical nurses.Methods: A methodological design was used. Data were collected from 408 clinical nurses. Construct validity analysis was performed, including factorial, convergent, and discriminant validity. Internal consistency was tested by Cronbach’s ⍺ coefficients, inter-item correlation, and corrected item-total correlation.Results: Exploratory factor analysis produced three factors: ‘empathy and supporting’, ‘knowledge and skills’, and ‘providing comfort’. In confirmatory factor analysis results, model fit indices were acceptable (x<sup>2</sup>/df=3.50, RMR=.05, RMSEA=.08, CFI=.90). The values obtained for the AVE ranged from .53 to .68, and for the CR ranged from .53 to .68. Convergent validity coefficients were noticeably greater in magnitude than discriminant validity coefficients: .53 (AVE<sub>1</sub> value) and .68 (AVE<sub>2</sub> value)≥.45 (r<sub>12</sub><sup>2</sup> value) and .68 (AVE<sub>2</sub> value) and .63 (AVE<sub>3</sub> value)≥.61 (r<sub>23</sub><sup>2</sup> value). Internal consistency (Cronbach’s ⍺) of CBI-K was .95.Conclusion: The CBI-K was shown to have acceptable construct validity and good internal consistency. Study findings imply that CBI-K could be a useful instrument for clinical administrators and nursing researchers to assess caring behaviors among Korean clinical nurses. Utilization of CBI-K might contribute to the building of empirical knowledge and the understanding of caring behaviors from nurses’ perspectives.

Effects of credit card usage on young Brazilians’ compulsive buying

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Modesto Veludo-de-Oliveira ◽  
Marcelo Augusto Falciano ◽  
Renato Villas Boas Perito
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Compulsive Buying ◽  
Price Sensitivity ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
Credit Card Usage ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to assess the moderating and mediating roles of credit card usage in the relationship between money attitudes (i.e. power-prestige, retention-time, distrust and anxiety) and compulsive buying behaviour. Design/methodology/approach – The research design comprised a cross-sectional survey and two focus-group interviews. A structured questionnaire was completed by 365 young credit card users in São Paulo in Brazil, and two focus group discussions were conducted comprising six participants each. Findings – Results showed that misuse of credit cards significantly increased compulsive buying among individuals with high levels of anxiety. Credit card usage partially mediates the relationship between compulsive buying and three variables established in the literature: power-prestige, retention-time and anxiety. Credit card usage did not significantly mediate the effect of distrust (or price sensitivity) on compulsive buying behaviour. Respondents’ price sensitivity did not by itself reduce levels of usage, though it did have an effect on overspending in conjunction with the other factors studied. The key themes that emerged from the focus-group interviews enhanced the survey’s results with greater in-depth understanding. Originality/value – This study was the first to compare the moderating and mediating effects among the four elements of money attitudes and compulsive buying behaviour. It addresses the issue of financial literacy, money management and overspending – a special concern for today’s emerging economies – in a Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) country.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Implicit Beliefs Measure and the Role of Demographics among Pakistani Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Khan ◽  
Anila Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Implicit Theories ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Model Fit Indices ◽  
Fit Index

Abstract Implicit theories (also referred to self-theories) represent a cognitive conceptualization about a matter, generally raised as a belief. It is marked as the primary aspect of cognitive processing among living beings affecting their overall behavior towards others’. In the present study, it is attempted to consider a Pakistani perspective on this phenomenon of self-theories and also to validate the implicit theories Scale. It is a measure of people’s beliefs about things to be fixed or changeable. A quantitative approach of correlational methodology was employed. Participants of the study were 355 Pakistani young adults with an age range of 20–30 years (M = 23.08, SD = 1.99). There were 175 males and 180 females (as they reported their gender) from Islamabad. Confirmatory factor analysis was computed to assess the dimensionality of the scale. An adequate model fit indices were found as Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = .04, Comparative Fit Index = .99, Tucker-Lewis Index = .98, Goodness of Fit Index = .97, and Incremental Fit Index = .99, confirming a bidimensional implicit theories measure. The reliability coefficients of Entity Theory and Incremental Theory subscales were assessed through internal consistency and test-retest methods which are found to be in an acceptable range. Demographic specifications are also addressed to reflect upon the indigenous importance of this concept. This will be an additive feature in the literature to consider the cultural specification enabling individuals to align their mindsets in the desired direction of growth and achievement.

scholarly journals Exploring the development of an organisational culture of control and dependency from a systems psychodynamic perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
René Van Eeden
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Mutual Effect ◽  
Management Team ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Value Add ◽  
Group Consultation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Consultation Session ◽  
Different Levels

Orientation: Globalisation and accelerating rates of change characterise the work environment.Research purpose: The aim of this research was to study the impact of the change process at a plant of a South African production company.Motivations for the study: Problems were experienced in terms of production and a need for transformation at different levels was expressed. Co-dependence in the environment necessitated exploration of intra-organisational dynamics.Research design, approach and method: The study focused on the management team at a specifc plant, but by applying the systems psychodynamic perspective it was possible to also explore the mutual effect of relationships with other systems in the organisation, the company as a whole and the environment. Respondents included the directors of manufacturing and of human resources, the general manager, an 11-member management team and staff representatives. Semi-structured one-to-one interviews, group interviews and a group consultation session were held.Main findings: Hypotheses were formulated regarding the change experienced in the company, the overemphasis of control in the various systems, efforts to move from dependency to interdependence, personal authority as a requirement for interdependent functioning and problems with interrelatedness.Practical/managerial implications: The study illustrates the application of the systems psychodynamic approach in exploring the interaction between and mutual infuence of various organisational systems, especially in times of change.Contribution/value add: At a broader level, the study contributes to the understanding of the application of the theory as well as suggesting the use of a methodology. Recommendations for an intervention of this nature were also made.

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