scholarly journals Brace treatment for patients with scoliosis: State of the art

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Rudolf Weiss ◽  
Tuğba Kuru Çolak ◽  
Manuel Lay ◽  
Maksym Borysov
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Physical Discomfort ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physical Distress ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Made In

Background: Physiotherapy, brace applications or surgery are the treatment options utilised to manage patients with scoliosis. Many different brace applications are used, and the success rates of orthoses vary.Objectives: Brace applications can have detrimental impacts on the patient leading to physical discomfort, psychological discomfort, and in some instance the use of braces may even be painful. Therefore, future developments in this field should be aimed at improving the success rate and reducing physical distress experienced by the patient while using brace applications. The purpose of this article is to provide recommendations with respect to the most appropriate bracing approach in general.Method: A narrative review of the scientific literature was carried out to substantiate the statements made in this article.Results: The most important braces provided for the treatment of patients with scoliosis and the treatment results that can be achieved are presented and discussed, taking into account the most recent systematic reviews. A wide range of success rates have been found for the different brace applications.Conclusion: Given that brace application may impact the patient leading to physical discomfort and psychological distress, good quality management in brace application for patients with scoliosis is needed to ensure the best possible outcome and the least stressful management.Clinical implications: Safety in brace application for patients with scoliosis needs improvement. The use of standardised and reliable computer aided design (CAD) libraries and appropriate patient information based on published guidelines is suggested.

Structural Analysis of Product and Computer-Aided Assembly Planning in AssemBL Software Package

2018 ◽  
pp. 11-33
Author(s):  
A. N. Bozhko
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Graph Model ◽  
Design System ◽  
Assembly Planning ◽  
Complex Products ◽  
Assembly Sequences ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design

Computer-aided design of assembly processes (Computer aided assembly planning, CAAP) of complex products is an important and urgent problem of state-of-the-art information technologies. Intensive research on CAAP has been underway since the 1980s. Meanwhile, specialized design systems were created to provide synthesis of assembly plans and product decompositions into assembly units. Such systems as ASPE, RAPID, XAP / 1, FLAPS, Archimedes, PRELEIDES, HAP, etc. can be given, as an example. These experimental developments did not get widespread use in industry, since they are based on the models of products with limited adequacy and require an expert’s active involvement in preparing initial information. The design tools for the state-of-the-art full-featured CAD/CAM systems (Siemens NX, Dassault CATIA and PTC Creo Elements / Pro), which are designed to provide CAAP, mainly take into account the geometric constraints that the design imposes on design solutions. These systems often synthesize technologically incorrect assembly sequences in which known technological heuristics are violated, for example orderliness in accuracy, consistency with the system of dimension chains, etc.An AssemBL software application package has been developed for a structured analysis of products and a synthesis of assembly plans and decompositions. The AssemBL uses a hyper-graph model of a product that correctly describes coherent and sequential assembly operations and processes. In terms of the hyper-graph model, an assembly operation is described as shrinkage of edge, an assembly plan is a sequence of shrinkages that converts a hyper-graph into the point, and a decomposition of product into assembly units is a hyper-graph partition into sub-graphs.The AssemBL solves the problem of minimizing the number of direct checks for geometric solvability when assembling complex products. This task is posed as a plus-sum two-person game of bicoloured brushing of an ordered set. In the paradigm of this model, the brushing operation is to check a certain structured fragment for solvability by collision detection methods. A rational brushing strategy minimizes the number of such checks.The package is integrated into the Siemens NX 10.0 computer-aided design system. This solution allowed us to combine specialized AssemBL tools with a developed toolkit of one of the most powerful and popular integrated CAD/CAM /CAE systems.

Study on Application of CAD Used in Visual Advertising Design

2014 ◽  
Vol 571-572 ◽  
pp. 768-771
Author(s):  
Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Television Advertising ◽  
Paper Study ◽  
Application Technology ◽  
Visual Effects ◽  
3D Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Visual Impact ◽  
Aided Design

The 3D technology currently has in various engineering fields have a wide range of applications, all the 3D visual effects technology can bring us visual impact, the use of 3D technology produced by the television advertising more easily accepted by the audience, this paper study on the 3D computer-aided design advertising design application technology.

scholarly journals Generalized straight and curved beam theories with isogeometric analyis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ιωάννης Τσιπτσής
Keyword(s):  
Isogeometric Analysis ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Curved Beam ◽  
Analog Equation Method ◽  
B Splines ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Analog Equation ◽  
Beam Theories ◽  
Element Method

Στη διατριβή αυτή διερευνάται και επιλύεται σειρά προβλημάτων μέσω της ανάπτυξης εξελιγμένων προσομοιωμάτων ευθύγραμμης και καμπύλης δοκού. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, αντιμετωπίζονται τα προβλήματα ανομοιόμορφης στρέψης, γενικευμένης στρέβλωσης λόγω διάτμησης και στρέψης (μέσω των οποίων μελετάται το φαινόμενο της διατμητικής υστέρησης), διαστρέβλωσης (παραμόρφωση των διατομών της δοκού στο επίπεδό τους) καθώς και το πρόβλημα της δυναμικής ανάλυσης ευθύγραμμων και καμπύλων δοκών. Η αντιμετώπιση των προβλημάτων αυτών βασίζεται στη γενικευμένη διατύπωση καινοτόμων θεωριών δοκού (Generalized Beam Theories - GBT), με τις οποίες το πεδίο μετατοπίσεων και οι συνιστώσες των τανυστών παραμόρφωσης και τάσης διατυπώνονται ως γραμμικοί συνδυασμοί γινομένων μονοδιάστατων και διδιάστατων συναρτήσεων.Η αναλυτική λύση των μονοδιάστατων και διδιάστατων προβλημάτων συνοριακών και αρχικών-συνοριακών τιμών που μορφώνονται εν γένει δεν είναι εφικτή. Ως εκ τούτου, τα προβλήματα αυτά επιλύονται αριθμητικά εφαρμόζοντας τη Μέθοδο Συνοριακών Στοιχείων (Boundary Element Method - BEM), τη Μέθοδο Αναλογικής Εξίσωσης (Analog Equation Method - AEM), η οποία αποτελεί εξέλιξη της BEM, καθώς και τη Μέθοδο Πεπερασμένων Στοιχείων (Finite Element Method - FEM). Όσον αφορά στην επίλυση μονοδιάστατων προβλημάτων, οι αριθμητικές μέθοδοι που χρησιμοποιoύνται (AEM και FEM) συνδυάζονται με εργαλεία της Ισογεωμετρικής Ανάλυσης (Isogeometric Analysis - IGA) ώστε να επιτευχθεί μία προσέγγιση με χαμηλότερο υπολογιστικό κόστος καθώς και πιο διαδραστική μεταξύ ανάλυσης και γεωμετρίας που θα επιτυγχάνει πιο αξιόπιστα αποτελέσματα περιορίζοντας το σφάλμα που πηγάζει από την προσέγγιση της γεωμετρίας. Συγκεκριμένα, οι παραμετρικές καμπύλες B-splines και NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines) που έχουν υιοθετήσει τα λογισμικά πακέτα μοντελοποίησης με υπολογιστή (Computer-Aided Design - CAD) εφαρμόζονται στην παρούσα διατριβή. Με βάση τις αναπτυχθείσες αναλυτικές και αριθμητικές διαδικασίες συντάσσονται καινοτόμα προγράμματα ηλεκτρονικού υπολογιστή για την ανάλυση τρισδιάστατων ευθύγραμμων και καμπυλόγραμμων ραβδωτών φορέων. Κάθε κύριο κεφάλαιο της διατριβής αποτελείται από την εισαγωγή, τη διατύπωση του προβλήματος, την αριθμητική επίλυση, αντιπροσωπευτικά αριθμητικά παραδείγματα και τα συμπεράσματα. Στην εισαγωγή κάθε κύριου κεφαλαίου περιέχεται η βιβλιογραφική επισκόπηση του ερευνητικού έργου (State of the Art) του αντίστοιχου εξεταζόμενου προβλήματος και παρουσιάζονται τα πρωτότυπα σχετικά στοιχεία της εργασίας. Τέλος, στο τελικό κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζονται τα συμπεράσματα και προτάσεις για μελλοντική έρευνα.

Optimization of Preform for Stub Axle Forging Using Simulation Software

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 1337-1343
Author(s):  
T. Lachana Dora ◽  
Niranjan Kumar Singh ◽  
Rajkumar Ohdar
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Die Design ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Preform Shape ◽  
Deform 3D ◽  
Made In

There is a growing demand for more efficient and economic manufacturing process to improve product quality, reduce production cost, reduce lead time and increase productivity. The application of computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques to forging is becoming increasingly popular as the resulting improvements in yield and productivity. Modeling and simulation have become a major concern in recent and advanced research. In this paper die design for forging of an automobile component “Stub Axle” is presented. In die forging process, complex shape component cannot be made in one stage and therefore, the use of preform die becomes essential. The initial preform design was carried out by conventional method. The simulation has been carried out using software DEFORM-3D. The main goal of this study is to design an optimal preform shape resulting an optimal initial billet selection. Keywords:CAD/CAM, Preform, DEFORM-3D, Simulation, Forging

Treatment options for hypoplastic left heart syndrome: a mother's perspective

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
LT Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Palliative Surgery ◽  
First Year ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Attending Physician ◽  
Left Heart Syndrome ◽  
Made In

The congenital heart defect of HLHS is nearly uniformly fatal without intervention. As surgeons gain experience with the techniques the success rates are improving; more infants with HLHS are being offered hope for survival and quality of life. The critical nature of this diagnosis, the relatively new treatment options, and uncertainty of the surgical outcome impose tremendous stress on the parents. Choice of treatment is difficult and should be made in collaboration with the attending physician. Although the first year of my son's life was difficult, the past 5 years have been wonderful. He continues to thrive and enjoy most of the activities other 6-year-olds enjoy. In retrospect, palliative surgery was a good option for him. As both his mother and a cardiac nurse, I recognize that he may once again require surgical intervention, but I am encouraged that medical and surgical advances are being made for children with HLHS.

scholarly journals Development of humanized tri-specific nanobodies with potent neutralization for SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbo Dong ◽  
Betty Huang ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Allison Titong ◽  
Sachith Gallolu Kankanamalage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Antibodies ◽  
Human Igg1 ◽  
Vhh Antibodies ◽  
Phage Libraries ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Potent Neutralization

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emergent coronavirus, which has adversely impacted human health and has led to the COVID-19 pandemic. There is an unmet need to develop therapies against SARS-CoV-2 due to its severity and lack of treatment options. A promising approach to combat COVID-19 is through the neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by therapeutic antibodies. Previously, we described a strategy to rapidly identify and generate llama nanobodies (VHH) from naïve and synthetic humanized VHH phage libraries that specifically bind the S1 SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and block the interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. In this study we used computer-aided design to construct multi-specific VHH antibodies fused to human IgG1 Fc domains based on the epitope predictions for leading VHHs. The resulting tri-specific VHH-Fc antibodies show more potent S1 binding, S1/ACE2 blocking, and SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization than the bi-specific VHH-Fcs or combination of individual monoclonal VHH-Fcs. Furthermore, protein stability analysis of the VHH-Fcs shows favorable developability features, which enable them to be quickly and successfully developed into therapeutics against COVID-19.

Towards Computer Aided Design and Analysis of Spatial Flexure Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Anil Turkkan ◽  
Hai-Jun Su
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Screw Theory ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
System Equations ◽  
Compliance Matrices ◽  
Aided Design

Flexure mechanisms are the central part of numerous precision instruments and devices that are used in a wide range of science and engineering applications and currently, design of flexure mechanisms often heavily relies on designers’ previous hands-on experience. Therefore, a design tool that will speed up the design process is needed and this paper will introduce a systematic approach for building the necessary equations that are based on screw theory and linear elastic theory to analyze flexure mechanisms. A digital library of commonly used flexure elements must be available for a design tool and therefore, we first present the compliance matrices of commonly used flexure components. Motion twists and force wrenches of the screw theory can be related with these compliance matrices. Then, we introduce an algorithm that constructs the required linear system equations from individual compliance equations. This algorithm is applicable to flexure mechanisms with serial, parallel or hybrid chains. Finally, the algorithm is tested with a flexure mechanisms and it is shown that this approach can be the core of a future design tool.

Technology Education in the Middle Level School: Its Role and Purpose

1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (608) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Technology Education ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Magnetic Levitation ◽  
Education Technology ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Digital Electronics ◽  
Flight Simulators ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aided Design

The curriculum and method of technology education remain one of the best-kept secrets in all education. Technology education engages students in a wide range of the very latest technologies: digital imaging, lasers, robotics, solar energy, World Wide Web development, magnetic levitation vehicles, analog and digital electronics, flight simulators, computer-aided design, and so forth.

scholarly journals Managing Edentate Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Murali Srinivasan ◽  
Martin Schimmel ◽  
Claudio Leles ◽  
Gerry McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older People ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Oral Rehabilitation ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Sizable Proportion ◽  
Natural Teeth ◽  
Number Of Treatment ◽  
Aided Design

Whilst increasing numbers of older people retain natural teeth, a sizable proportion of older people are still edentate. Replacement of missing teeth is important for function, aesthetics and to facilitate social interactions. The process of providing oral rehabilitation for edentate older adults can be challenging, but clinicians can utilise a number of treatment options including removable or implant retained prostheses. In this article, complete denture construction will be described using both conventional and copy denture techniques. Recent innovations in the process for constructing complete dentures using computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD-CAM) techniques will also be discussed. Dental implants can be used to help retain removable complete prostheses for edentate patients and the use of implant-retained overdentures is presented as a treatment alternative.

scholarly journals Genome editing for blood disorders: state of the art and recent advances

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Romito ◽  
Rajeev Rai ◽  
Adrian J. Thrasher ◽  
Alessia Cavazza
Keyword(s):  
Gene Editing ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Zinc Finger Nucleases ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Blood Disorders ◽  
Flexible Tool ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Made In

Abstract In recent years, tremendous advances have been made in the use of gene editing to precisely engineer the genome. This technology relies on the activity of a wide range of nuclease platforms — such as zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and the CRISPR–Cas system — that can cleave and repair specific DNA regions, providing a unique and flexible tool to study gene function and correct disease-causing mutations. Preclinical studies using gene editing to tackle genetic and infectious diseases have highlighted the therapeutic potential of this technology. This review summarizes the progresses made towards the development of gene editing tools for the treatment of haematological disorders and the hurdles that need to be overcome to achieve clinical success.

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