scholarly journals Neighbourhood effects and household responses to water supply problems in Nigerian cities

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charisma Acey
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Primary Water ◽  
Household Strategies ◽  
Water Provision

Between 1990 and 2004, Nigeria’s urban population jumped to nearly half the national population, while access to improved sources of water in urban areas dropped by nearly 15 per cent during the same period. This paper presents preliminary results on the relationship between water supply, neighbourhood characteristics, and household strategies in response to dissatisfaction with water provision as reported by 389 respondents in 10 neighbourhoods in Lagos and Benin City, Nigeria between October 2007 and February 2008. In this paper, a conceptual model of consumer demand for water is used, based upon Hirschman’s exit, voice and loyalty (EVL) framework. The model explicitly factors in the quality of water provision and variables at the household and neighbourhood levels that could affect perceptions about quality and the strategies that households use to cope with inadequate public services. Preliminary results show that reported household strategies to secure water are affected by community-level factors such as the range, cost, and quality of water supply alternatives, as well as neighbourhood composition. Furthermore, the percentage of urban migrants and households that live in rented flats in a neighbourhood seems to be associated with the use of exit strategies (as opposed to voice) in response to problems with their primary water supply.

scholarly journals Water Supply Scheme System Design for Peri Urban Areas of Punjab using EPANET

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Touseef Ahmad Babar ◽  
Shahbaz Nasir Khan ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Safder Khan ◽  
Abdul Nasir ◽  
Muhammad Umar
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Input Parameters

AbstractWater is indispensable for human life and without water, life cannot exist on earth. Every person required 33 to 35-gallon water per day for drinking and demotic purpose. But due to lack of quality, inefficient water supply designs, intermixing of sewage water and unlined sewage water system, quality of water is deteriorated specially in recent decades and affecting a number of people. In present study, it was inevitable to design a water supply system for selected area to provide safe water supply design for a small community. For this purpose, a study area was selected named as chak.no. 253 RB, Samundri Road Faisalabad. The existing water supply system of the village was built 30 years ago with the problems of leaky pipes, mixing of sewerage water with drinking water was causing water-borne diseases like Diarrhea, Cholera, Giardiasis, Typhoid fever, Schistosomiasis. A computer software abbreviated as EPANET (Environment protection agency network) was used to design a water supply system of the area providing input parameters to the software. For this a profiling survey was conducted to determine the length of pipes and the elevation of each junction. The other input parameters such as the diameter of pipes, pipe network map, head losses were provided. Conclusively, EPANET gave a detailed water supply system plan for specific design period. By adopting this design provided by detailed surveys of the area and EPANET will help to control intermixing of sewage water which ultimately improves the quality of water. The new design is based on technology by using modern techniques (Software). It will provide save and continue supply of water to community. It will also reduce the cost of water billing, leakage, decrease the diseases rate and improve the life standard of people’s lives in that area.

Eternal engine of progress

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
В.А. Гвоздев ◽  
Л.В. Леонов ◽  
О.Н. Рублевская
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Odor Control ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Precipitation Measurement ◽  
General Director

Качество услуг водоснабжения и водоотведения за первые двадцать лет XXI века вывело на новый уровень развития ГУП «Водоканал Санкт-Петербурга» благодаря внедрению инновационных технологий в системах водоснабжения и водоотведения. Использование технологий, таких как двухступенчатое обеззараживание питьевой воды, дезодорирование полигонов, геотубирование, применение центрифуг «Флоттвег», порошкообразного однокомпонентного флокулянта, порошкообразного активированного угля, внедрение системы измерения осадков, осуществлялись при активном участии Федора Ивановича Лобанова – помощника генерального директора ГУП «Водоканал Санкт-Петербурга» по работе с промышленностью, которому в ноябре 2021 г. исполнилось 80 лет. The quality of water supply and wastewater disposal services over the first twenty years of the 21st century has brought SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» to a new level of development owing to the introduction of innovative technologies in water supply and wastewater disposal systems. The use of technologies, such as two-stage disinfection of drinking water, odor control of landfills, geotubing, the use of Flottweg centrifuges, powdered one-component flocculant, powdered activated carbon, the introduction of a precipitation measurement system, were carried out with the active participation of Fedor Ivanovich Lobanov, Assistant to the General Director of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» on dealing with industries, who turned 80 in November 2021.

scholarly journals Water Woes in Zimbabwe’s Urban Areas in the Middist Of Plenty: 2000 -Present

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enock C. Makwara
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Service Failure ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Recent Outbreak

Zimbabwe’s urban areas are choking under the weight of over-crowdedness amidstdilapidated infrastructure that is characterised by constant service failure. The water andsewer systems of the country’s major urban centres are on the verge of collapse, thusputting millions of people in danger of consuming contaminated water, including thatfrom underground sources. Waste management and water supply problems manifestthemselves as challenges bedevilling many an urban area in the country. The quality andquantity of water supplied in Zimbabwe’s urban centres has plummeted in recent yearsand has assumed crisis proportions owing to the difficult economic situation and otherchallenges faced by the country. The situation is desperate and dire, as is evidenced by thepoor quality of delivered water, severe water rationing and the outbreak of water-bornediseases in the urban areas dotted across the country. The situation demands and dictatesthat solutions be proffered as a matter of urgency.The recent outbreak of epidemics hasbeen blamed on lack of access to safe water and poor sanitation, two crucial factors incontrolling the spread of diseases. An overly bureaucratic environment, where decisionsand processes take longer, makes life complicated for poor urban residents. Such ascenario motivated the researchers to examine the problem with a view to suggest waysand means of intervening to mitigate and resolve the problem. It emerged from thefindings that the problem is multifaceted in nature, hence a whole range of measures needto be adopted if a long-term solution is to be provided.

scholarly journals Analysis of Characteristics and Design Key Points of Water Supply and Drainage Engineering for Fire Control in High-rise Buildings

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Weijie
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Safety Index ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Property Loss

Nowadays，our country has a relative density of population, so once a fire occurs  in  the  building, personnel  evacuation  is more difficult. Since fire and water have no mercy and the fire spreads quickly, it will endanger people’s life and property safety if unable to fully guarantee the quality of water supply and drainage for fire control. Scientific and rational water supply and drainage  system  for  fire control  can  effectively increase the efficiency and speed of fire rescue, reduce people’s property loss and improve  the  residential safety index of the building itself. In view of this, this paper mainly analyzes the characteristics and design key points of water supply and drainage engineering for fire  control  in  high-rise buildings. 

scholarly journals Discussion on construction methods and precautions of building water supply and drainage

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoliang Yu ◽  
Fan Fan Yang ◽  
Li Li Li ◽  
Zhenfeng Zhenfeng Li ◽  
Zhenlong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Construction Method ◽  
Construction Quality ◽  
Strong Function ◽  
Construction Enterprises ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Quality Of Water

As an important construction link in the construction project, the quality of the water supply and drainage directly affects the overall quality of the construction project. Because of the strong function of the water supply and drainage project, the construction quality is easily affected by the construction method. For this reason, construction enterprises should attach importance to the mastery of water supply and drainage construction methods. And further understand the relevant precautions of construction water supply and drainage construction, in order to achieve the purpose of improving the quality of water supply and drainage construction. 

scholarly journals Rapid Performance Evaluation of Water Supply Services for Strategic Planning

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1197-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulfam Shahzad ◽  
Rashid Rehan ◽  
Muhammad Fahim
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
System A ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Interactive Map ◽  
Water Supply Services

The assessment of existing water supply services was carried out through selected performance indicators with the aim of using that data in future for strategic planning of urban Mardan. The key performance indictors studied were selected to assess both the quantity and quality of water. The quality of water was assessed by turbidity, pH, and E-coli tests for samples collected at the start, middle, and tail end of the distribution system. The quantity of water supplied was measured by calculating discharges from water tapes at the three selected locations in the distribution system. A total of thirty samples were collected from ten union councils out of fourteen covering urban Mardan. A number of issues are highlighted in the overall water supply infrastructure and short, mid, and long term remedial measures are recommended. The results are presented in the form of an interactive map using Google Earth and VBA based dynamic database. It was found that the overall quality of water is generally acceptable for drinking. However, the presence of bacteria is an issue in many cases which needs to be resolved. A significant decrease in discharge is observed in the distribution systems away from the source due to leakages and illegal connections. A comprehensive overhaul of both management and infrastructure is required for sustainable and satisfactory level of services.

PROBLEMS OF WATER SUPPLY IN THE TERRITORY OF THE OREL REGION AND WAYS TO SOLVE IT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Павел Алексеевич Лапин ◽  
Сергей Александрович Копылов ◽  
Дмитрий Васильевич Елисеев
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
The State ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The City

В статье анализируется состояние водного фонда в области и обеспеченность жителей региона водой. Рассматриваются основные проблемы неудовлетворительного качества воды в районах области и в г. Орле. Предлагается комплекс мероприятий с целью повышение качества водоснабжения на территории Орловской области путём строительства пяти объектов водоснабжения. The article analyzes the state of the water fund in the region and the provision of water to the residents of the region. The main problems of unsatisfactory water quality in the districts of the region and in the city of Orel are considered. A set of measures is proposed to improve the quality of water supply in the territory of the Orel region through the construction of five water supply facilities.

scholarly journals Building a Methodology for Assessing Service Quality under Intermittent Domestic Water Supply

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assia Mokssit ◽  
Bernard de Gouvello ◽  
Aurélie Chazerain ◽  
François Figuères ◽  
Bruno Tassin
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water System ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Water Service ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
History Of

This document proposes a methodology for assessing the quality of water distribution service in the context of intermittent supply, based on a comparison of joint results from literature reviews and feedback from drinking water operators who had managed these networks, with standards for defining the quality of drinking water service. The paper begins by reviewing and proposing an analysis of the definition and characterization of intermittent water supply (IWS), highlighting some important findings. The diversity of approaches used to address the issue and the difficulty of defining a precise and detailed history of water supply in the affected systems broadens the spectrum of intermittency characterization and the problems it raises. The underlined results are then used to structure an evaluation framework for the water service and to develop improvement paths defined in the intermittent networks. The resulting framework highlights the means available to water stakeholders to assess their operational and management performance in achieving the improvement objectives defined by the environmental and socio-economic contexts in which the network operates. Practical examples of intermittent system management are collected from water system operators and presented for illustration purposes (Jeddah, Algiers, Port-au-Prince, Amman, Cartagena, Barranquilla, Mexico, Cancun, Saltillo, Mumbai, Delhi, Coimbatore …).

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