Resolution of concomitant Achromobacter xylosoxidans burn wound infection without adjustment of antimicrobial therapy

ABSTRACT Achromobacter xylosoxidans is part of an emerging group of Gram negative bacterial infections with potentially severe sequelae, especially in the immunocompromised population such as burn patients. While antimicrobial therapy for patients with A. xylosoxidans bacteremia has been reported, the literature is scarce with regard to treatment in patients with positive tissue cultures only. Herein, we report our institution’s experience with such a case and a brief review of the current literature on this micro-organism in the setting of non-bacteremic infection.

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Human medicines European public assessment report (EPAR): Invanz, ertapenem, Community-Acquired Infections,Streptococcal Infections,Staphylococcal Infections,Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections,Surgical Wound Infection,Pneumonia, Bacterial, Date of authorisation: 18/04/2002, Revision: 22, Status: Authorised

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/cmr-2229600 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Wound Infection ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Surgical Wound Infection ◽

Streptococcal Infections ◽

Surgical Wound ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Assessment Report ◽

Staphylococcal Infections ◽

European Public ◽

European Public Assessment Report

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Bacteriological Profile of Burn Patients and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of their Wound Isolates at Nepal Cleft and Burn Center

Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal ◽

10.3126/jcmsn.v15i3.24363 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 160-166

Author(s):

Apar Lamichhane ◽

Kiran Kishor Nakarmi ◽

Peeyush Dahal ◽

Surendra Jung Basnet ◽

Pashupati Babu Pokharel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistant Strain ◽

Infectious Agent ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Burn Patients ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Burn Wound ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Bacteriological Profile ◽

Acinetobacter Spp

Background: Burn infections are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in burn patients. The infectious agent could be both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The aim of this research was to study the bacteriological profile of burn patients and anti-microbial susceptibility pattern of their wound isolates. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kirtipur Hospital, Nepal from January 1st to March 31st 2019. A total of 109 burn patients were included and their wound swabs were collected at the time of admission. All isolates were identified by standardized microbiological procedures. Anti-microbial susceptibility tests were performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Of 109 burn wound samples, 56 (59%) yielded culture growth and the Gram negative isolates were more common than Gram positives (77% vs. 23%). The most common organism isolated was Klebsiella spp. (25%) followed by Acinetobacter spp. (21%) and Staphylococcus aureus (18%). Most burn wound isolates were of resistant strain. Particularly, highly resistant strain of Acinetobacter spp. were isolated, most of which were sensitive to Tigecycline, Polymyxin B and Colistin only. Conclusion : Gram negative isolates were common in burn wound isolates and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern was different for different organisms. The use of antimicrobials should be judicious to further not escalate the problem of antimicrobial resistance in the healthcare settings.

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Fungal infection profile in burn patients at a tertiary care centre of India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20182934 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. 2633

Author(s):

Imran Ahmad ◽

Mohammed Fahud Khurram ◽

Sudheer Kumar Maurya ◽

Rajesh Kumar Maurya ◽

Mohd. Tafazul Sheikh

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Fungal Infection ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Late Onset ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Fungal Culture ◽

Burn Patients ◽

Burn Wound ◽

Culture Positive

Background: Burn patients are at high risk of infections and burn wound infection is one of the most important factor responsible for their morbidity and mortality. Burn patients have increased incidence of fungal infection in comparison to others. Fungal infection is difficult to diagnose because it has similar symptoms like bacterial infections. Common fungal organism causing burn wounds infections are Candida sp., Aspergillus sp., non albicans Candida, Zygomycetes etc.Methods: This prospective study was carried out in Department of Burn, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, J.N.M.C.H., Aligarh Muslim University, India from December 2015 to June 2017. Patients having 20 to 60% body surface area involvement with more than 5 years of age with no comorbidity were included in this study.Results: In our study, total 126 patients were included, 9 male patients (18.37%) were found fungal culture positive whereas 14 females (18.18%) were culture positive. 12 patients (9.52%) were found to be positive for Candida albicans, 6 patients (4.76%) were Aspergillus flavus positive, 3 patients (2.38%) were positive for Non Candida albicans and 2 patients (1.59%) were positive for Aspergillus niger.Conclusions: Fungal burn wound infections are one of the most common cause of late onset morbidity and mortality in burn patients. So, high level of suspicion and tissue culture are essential in making early diagnosis and treatment. Judicious use of antibiotics are also necessary for decreasing its incidence.

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Nosocomial Infection in Burn Unit of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta

Jurnal Plastik Rekonstruksi ◽

10.14228/jpr.v1i3.76 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Danu Mahandaru ◽

Aditya Wardhana

Keyword(s):

Nosocomial Infection ◽

Immune Suppression ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Hospital Environment ◽

Burn Patients ◽

Burn Wound ◽

Medical Instruments ◽

Burn Unit ◽

Control Procedures

Backgrounds: Burn patients, due to the immune compromise effects of their injury have a high risk for infections. The major cause of infection is the hospital environment contamination. This study was conducted to detect and identify isolated bacteria from patients and hospital environment in the Burn Unit and determine their antibiotics pattern in response to commonly used antimicrobial agents; in order to give recommendations for management of bacterial infections and drug-resistance. Patients and Methods: Retrospective observational study was conducted reviewing the database of Burn Unit in RSCM from January until December 2010. The characteristics of microorganisms found on the burn wound were compared to those obtained from the environments such as from the air, bathing water, and medical instruments. The pattern of microorganisms and their sensitivity-resistance characteristics were noted.Result: The pattern shows that nosocomial infection in the Burn Unit of RSCM was high. Klebsiella pneumoniae found on the burn wound eschars mimics those obtained from the air within the Burn Unit. Strains of MRSA were also found on screening.Conclusion: Our findings emphasize the need for careful disinfection and more strict infection control procedures in areas that serve immune suppression individual, such as burn patients.

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BACTERIOLOGICAL CHANGES OF BURN WOUNDS WITH TIME AND THEIR ANTIBIOGRAM

Scientific World ◽

10.3126/sw.v12i12.13601 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 70-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S Rajbahak ◽

C Shrestha ◽

A Singh

Keyword(s):

Burn Injury ◽

Bacterial Colonization ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Lower Sensitivity ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Burn Patients ◽

Burn Wound ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Gram Negative

A prospective study was carried out in 42 burn patients admitted in burn unit of Bir Hospital over a period of six months from September 2011 to February 2012 to evaluate time-related changes in aerobic bacterial colonization and their susceptibility pattern. Periodic swabs were taken from the burn wound on 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks to see the changing pattern of organisms during hospital stay of patients. Wound swabs obtained from the burn patients were subjected to microbiological analysis. The isolates were identified by standard microbiological techniques and their antibiotic susceptibility was determined by using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion techniques. In the present study burn injury was highest in the age group 25-34 years (28.6%). Male to female ratio was 1:1.5. Fire was the major cause of burn (78.6%) followed by scald burn (7.1%). Among the 168 samples, single organism was isolated in 47.6% samples and mixed organisms in 39.9% and no growth in 12.5%. A total of 215 bacterial species were isolated from 168 samples in which Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for the highest percentage 45.6% followed by Staphylococcus aureus (19.1%), Acinetobacter spp. (17.7%) and coagulase negative Staphylococci (CONS) (5.6%). Gram negative bacteria were the dominating bacteria all over the study period and exhibited lower sensitivity to most of the antibiotic used. Furthermore, P. aeruginosa was least sensitive to most antibiotics used. Amikacin was the drug of choice for most Gram negative bacteria and vancomycin was found to be susceptible drug for Gram positive organisms (S. aureus and CONS). Continuous survey and analysis of changing microbial flora and their antibiogram in burn patients help in timely detection and control of spread of infection and also help to review effective antibiotic policies.Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 70-76

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CARBAPENEM RESISTANT GRAM NEGATIVE ISOLATES FROM BURN WOUND INFECTION IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE.

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/4176 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 763-769

Author(s):

Lancy J ◽

◽

SeemaA Nayar ◽

Sam Mathew ◽

TharaAnn Jose ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Infection ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Care Centre ◽

Burn Wound ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Carbapenem Resistant

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Prevalence of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase, Metallo β-Lactamase, and AmpC β-Lactamase among Gram Negative Bacilli Recovered from Burn Wound Infection

RUHS Journal of Health Science ◽

10.37821/ruhsjhs.5.1.2020.24-30 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

K L Lodha ◽

S Surana

Keyword(s):

Wound Infection ◽

Burn Wound ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Extended Spectrum

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The role of phage therapy in burn wound infection management: advantages and pitfalls

Journal of Burn Care & Research ◽

10.1093/jbcr/irab175 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M M Azevedo ◽

C Pina-Vaz ◽

A Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Wound Infection ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Phage Therapy ◽

Rapid Change ◽

Bloodstream Infections ◽

Wound Management ◽

Wound Infections ◽

Burn Wound ◽

Regulatory Policies ◽

Conventional Antibiotics

Abstract Burn wound infections are often the source of bacteria responsible for systemic infections, including bloodstream infections and pneumonia that ultimately can result in multisystem organ failure and death. Any rapid change in the burn wound appearance or the clinical condition of the burn patient may herald burn wound infection or sepsis. The revival of phage therapy, either in single mode or in combination with conventional antibiotics may represent a valuable alternative, to treat specific bacterial infections such as burn wound infections, including those caused by multidrug resistant organisms. This systematic review addresses the: a) general characteristics of bacteriophages; b) activity of bacteriophages versus conventional antibiotics; c) activity of bacteriophages against biofilms; d) bacteriophage administration; and e) use of bacteriophages in burn wound infections. Although several scientific organizations/societies recognized that phage therapy could be of key value in modern wound care, specific aspects are critical for a burn surgeon and might represent pitfalls discouraging phage therapy adoption in burn wound management; in particular, the unavailability of consensual therapeutic guidelines/regulatory policies and the lack of laboratorial support that might be predictive of its efficacy. The availability of a product/formulation convenient to use, with adequate stability and shelf half-life is also a key condition.

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