Changes in the permeability and morphology of dentine surfaces after brushing with a Thai herbal toothpaste: A preliminary study

ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate dentine permeability after brushing with Twin Lotus®, Thai herbal toothpaste by comparing with Sensodyne Rapid Relief®, a commercial desensitizing toothpaste, and also after artificial saliva (AS) immersion or citric acid challenge. Materials and Methods: Dentine discs from human mandibular third molars were divided into three groups (n = 20) and brushed with either experimental toothpaste or water (control) for 2 min with an automated toothbrush. Then, 10 discs were immersed in AS, and the other 10 discs were immersed in 6% citric acid to simulate the conditions of the oral environment. The dentine permeability of each specimen was measured before brushing and after each treatment using a fluid filtration system. Morphological changes in the dentine were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Both toothpastes significantly reduced dentine permeability, and a crystalline precipitate was observed on the dentine surface under SEM observation. No significant difference was found between the two toothpaste groups with regard to dentine permeability after brushing and AS or acid immersion. Conclusions: The dentine permeability reduction caused by the two toothpastes did not differ after brushing or after AS or citric acid immersion.

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Evaluation of Five Different Desensitizers: A Comparative Dentin Permeability and SEM Investigation In Vitro

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210601711010015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 15-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nasibe Aycan Yilmaz ◽

Ertan Ertas ◽

Hasan Orucoğlu

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Fluid Filtration ◽

Dentin Permeability ◽

Dentin Surface ◽

The Difference ◽

Self Etch

Background/Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and durability of five different dentin desensitizers (Gluma Desensitizer Powergel, Bifluorid 12, Gluma Self Etch Bond, D/Sense Crystal, Nupro Sensodyne Prophylaxis Paste with Novamin) on tubule occlusion and dentin permeability reduction in vitro. Method: The quantitative changes in permeability of 100 dentin discs were measured after desensitizer treatments and following post-treatments of 6% citric acid challenge for 1 min or immersion in artificial saliva for 24 hours under hydrostatic pressure generated by a computerised fluid filtration meter. Qualitative SEM analyses were also carried out. Results: Dentin permeability decreased after desensitizer application in all groups. Nevertheless, only the difference between ‘Gluma Self Etch Bond’ and ‘Nupro Sensodyne Prophylaxis Paste with Novamin’ groups was significantly different (p<0.05). Dentin permeability increased significantly after post-treatments (p<0.05). There was no statistically difference among the citric acid-subgroups (p>0.05). Of all the artificial saliva-subgroups, only the difference between ‘D/Sense Crystal’ and ‘Bifluorid 12’ was significantly different (p<0.05). In SEM analysis, morphological changes were detected on the dentin surface and within the tubules following desensitizer treatments and post-treatments. Conclusion: All the desensitizers significantly reduced dentin permeability by changing the morphology of the dentin surface and/or dentinal tubules. Following post-treatments, there was some reduction in the efficacy of the desensitizers which was represented by the reduction in permeability values. SEM analysis revealed some physical changes in the dentin structure which can partly give an explanation to the reduced efficacy of tested desensitizers.

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The Environmental Influence of Light Coke™, Phosphoric Acid, and Citric Acid on Elastomeric Chains

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jcdp-9-7-17 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 17-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Leandro Teixeira ◽

Betina do Rosário Pereira ◽

Thais Gelatti Bortoly ◽

João Armando Brancher ◽

Odilon Guariza-Filho

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Environmental Influence ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Decay Rates ◽

Control Group ◽

Force Decay ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Elastomeric Chains

Abstract Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of Light Coke™, phosphoric acid, and citric acid on the force decline pattern of two types of elastomeric chains. Methods and Materials One hundred sixty gray colored elastomeric chain modules, 80 Chainette (GAC) and 80 Sunburst™ (GAC) chains, were divided into four groups for immersion into Light Coke, phosphoric acid, citric acid, and artificial saliva. The initial stretched force of the elastomeric chains ranged from 220gf to 250gf. During the experiment, all elastomeric chains were kept immersed in artificial saliva at 37°C (pH≈6.24) to simulate the oral environment. To simulate daily consumption of Light Coke, the elastomeric chains were immersed in the solutions twice a day for 15 minutes. The control group was kept immersed in artificial saliva continuously with no further treatment. Force (gf) was measured with a Dial-Type dynamometer (Dentaurum®), initially (baseline), 24 hours, 7, 14, and 21 days. Data were analyzed using the Tukey test at a 5% level of probability. Results A statistically significant reduction on the force produced by the elastomeric chains was seen at different time points. The greatest reduction in force occurred in the first 24 hours (p=0.01). Conclusion Force decay of the Chainette elastomeric chains were lower than the Sunburst™ chain (p<0.05). The immersion treatments caused no statistically significant difference in force for either chain module (p>0.05). Clinical Significance Good elastomeric chain properties are necessary for effective tooth movement, and knowledge of force-decay rates is an important factor in achieving the best orthodontic outcome. Citation Teixeira L, Pereira BP, Bortoly TG, Brancher JA, Tanaka OM, Guariza-Filho O. The Environmental Influence of Light Coke™, Phosphoric Acid, and Citric Acid on Elastomeric Chains. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 November; (9)7:017-024.

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Comparing the Effectiveness of Different Dentinal Desensitizing Agents: In Vitro Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/6652250 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Mohideen S. Farook ◽

Okba Mahmoud ◽

Maysara Adnan Ibrahim ◽

Marwah Berkathullah

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Fluid Filtration ◽

Formula Group ◽

Desensitizing Agents ◽

Edx Analyses ◽

Group 2

Objectives. To evaluate the in vitro effectiveness of desensitizing agents in reducing dentine permeability. Methods. The efficacy of desensitizing agents in reducing dentine permeability by occluding dentine tubules was evaluated using a fluid filtration device that conducts at 100 cmH2O (1.4 psi) pressure, and SEM/EDX analyses were evaluated and compared. Forty-two dentine discs ( n = 42 ) of 1 ± 0.2 mm width were obtained from caries-free permanent human molars. Thirty dentine discs ( n = 30 ) were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 ): Group 1: 2.7% wt. monopotassium-monohydrogen oxalate (Mp-Mh oxalate), Group 2: RMGI XT VAR, and Group 3: LIQ SiO2. Dentine permeability was measured following treatment application after 10 minutes, storage in artificial saliva after 10 minutes and 7 days, and citric acid challenge for 3 minutes. Data were analysed with a repeated measures ANOVA test. Dentine discs ( n = 12 ) were used for SEM/EDX analyses to acquire data on morphological changes on dentine surface and its mineral content after different stages of treatment. Results. Desensitizing agents’ application on the demineralized dentine discs exhibited significant reduction of permeability compared to its maximum acid permeability values. Mp-Mh oxalate showed a significant reduction in dentine permeability ( p < 0.05 ) when compared to RMGI XT VAR and LIQ SiO2. On SEM/EDX analysis, all the agents formed mineral precipitates that occluded the dentine tubules. Conclusions. 2.7% wt. monopotassium-monohydrogen oxalate was significantly effective in reducing dentine permeability compared to RMGI XT VAR and LIQ SiO2.

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Complete denture biofilm after brushing with specific denture paste, neutral soap and artificial saliva

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201301946 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 47-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Helena de Freitas Oliveira Paranhos ◽

Antônio Eduardo Sparça Salles ◽

Leandro Dorigan de Macedo ◽

Cláudia Helena da Silva-Lovato ◽

Valéria Oliveira Pagnano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tap Water ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Water Control ◽

Chi Square ◽

Internal Surfaces ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Show Difference ◽

Biofilm Quantification

This study compared the levels of biofilm in maxillary and mandibular complete dentures and evaluated the number of colony-forming units (cfu) of yeasts, after using auxiliary brushing agents and artificial saliva. Twenty-three denture wearers with hyposalivation and xerostomia were instructed to brush the dentures 3 times a day during 3 weeks with the following products: Corega Brite denture dentifrice, neutral liquid soap, Corega Brite combined with Oral Balance (artificial saliva) or tap water. For biofilm quantification, the internal surfaces of the dentures were disclosed, photographed and measured using a software. For microbiological analysis, the biofilm was scrapped off, and the harvested material was diluted, sown in CHROMagar™ Candida and incubated at 37°C for 48 h. Data were analyzed statistically by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Mandibular dentures presented a mean biofilm percentage (µ=26.90 ± 21.10) significantly greater than the maxillary ones (µ=18.0 ± 15.0) (p<0.05). Brushing using Corega Brite combined with Oral Balance (µ=15.87 ± 18.47) was more effective (p<0.05) than using the denture dentifrice (µ=19.47 ± 17.24), neutral soap (µ=23.90 ± 18.63) or tap water (control; µ=32.50 ± 20.68). For the microbiological analysis, the chi-square test did not indicate significant difference between the hygiene products for either type of denture. The more frequently isolated species of yeasts were C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. In conclusion, mandibular dentures had more biofilm formation than maxillary ones. Denture brushing with Corega Brite dentifrice combined with the use of Oral Balance was the most effective method for reduction of biofilm levels, but the use of products did not show difference in yeast cfu counts.

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Effects on Dentin Treated with Eluted Multi-Mineral Varnish In Vitro

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210601206010157 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 157-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Robert L Karlinsey ◽

Allen C Mackey ◽

Craig S Schwandt

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Control Group ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Water Control ◽

Acid Ph ◽

Ph Cycling ◽

Demineralized Dentin ◽

Acid Challenge

Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the non-contact effects of a NaF varnish on the morphology and elemental compositions of sound and demineralized dentin in an in vitro pH cycling model. Methods: 3 mm diameter dentin cores were extracted from bovine teeth, mounted in acrylic rods, and ground and polished. Sound and demineralized (in 10 mL unstirred 50% citric acid (pH = 1.2) for two minutes) specimens were divided into four groups (N=6) corresponding to treatments with either water (control group) or non-contact Vanish® 5% NaF White Varnish with tri-calcium phosphate (3M ESPE). For the non-contact varnish group, one 0.50 ml unit-dose was applied to acrylic rods and positioned in the same stopper as three dentin specimens. The four groups were then cycled in a regimen consisting of three rounds of one-hour treatments with each round followed by immersion in a three-minute static acid challenge (0.3% citric acid, pH = 3.8). For each one-hour treatment immersion the test groups were immersed in distilled water. The specimens were thoroughly rinsed with distilled water after each treatment and after each acid challenge. After the last challenge, specimens were rinsed with distilled water and immersed in artificial saliva (AS) overnight. All treatments, acid challenges and immersion in AS solution were performed in an incubator set at 37°C. After three days, the specimens were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results: SEM and EDS results demonstrated the non-contact varnish group can provide mineralization benefits relative to the control group for both sound and demineralized dentin substrates. Depositions from mineral eluting from the varnish developed on the intertubular and intratubular regions alike, with the most prominent depositions appearing on initially demineralized dentin. Conclusions: In this observational study, acid-resistant mineral depositions were produced on the sound and dentin surfaces without direct application from a multi-mineral varnish containing fluoride, calcium and phosphate.

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Bond strength of orthodontic adhesives to dry and saliva-moistened enamel – a comparative in vitro study

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.2388 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (96) ◽

pp. 79-84

Author(s):

T. Stefański ◽

A. Kloc-Ptaszna ◽

L. Postek-Stefańska

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Clinical Situation ◽

Cyanoacrylate Adhesive ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Materials Research ◽

Mandibular Third Molars

salivamoistened enamel. Design/methodology/approach: One hundred twenty stainless steel brackets were bonded to human mandibular third molars with six materials: Enlight LC® (Ormco Corp), Grengloo® (Ormco Corp), Light Bond® (Reliance Orthodontic Products), Charisma® (Heraeus Kulzer), SmartBond® (Gestenco), and Transbond XT® with MIP® primer (3M Unitek). One half of the specimens in each group (n=10) was bonded to dry enamel, while the other half to saliva-moistened enamel. Bond strength testing was performed with a wire loop loading technique after 30-min incubation in artificial saliva. Failure mode was evaluated using adhesive remaining index (ARI). Findings: No significant differences in bond strength to dry enamel were noted for all composite materials (p>0.05). SmartBond exhibited significantly greater bond strength to moistened enamel (7.10 ± 1.47 MPa) and comparable with other composite materials to dry enamel. Composite materials demonstrated significantly reduced bond strength to saliva-moistened enamel (p<0.001), except for Transbond MIP, whose bond strength was not significantly decreased by saliva contamination (p=0.089). There was not statistically significant difference between bond strength of SmartBond and Transbond to saliva contaminated enamel. A higher incidence of cohesive failures was noted for all materials. Research limitations/implications: Composite light-cured materials provide adequate bond strength to dry enamel. Cyanoacrylate adhesive provides sufficient bond strength only under moist conditions. Transbond XT+MIP has sufficient bond strength to either dry or saliva-moistened enamel. Practical implications: The study evaluated the bonding strength of orthodontic brackets, which is a critical parameter in orthodontics, especially in situations that do not allow for proper isolation from saliva, such as bonding to impacted teeth following surgical exposure. Originality/value: Bond strengths evaluated with loop loading technique in different study environments would help the orthodontist to choose the most effective adhesive for the specific clinical situation.

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Color variation of acrylic resins immersed in pigment beverages according to the consume habits: a pilot study

Journal of Research in Dentistry ◽

10.19177/jrd.v2e32014199-207 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 199

Author(s):

Renato Fabrício de Andrade Waldemarin ◽

Lucas Brum Cleff ◽

Lauren Grandi Santos ◽

Guilherme Brião Camacho ◽

Luciana De Rezende Pinto

Keyword(s):

Artificial Saliva ◽

Black Tea ◽

Color Variation ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Water Control ◽

Color Changes ◽

Acrylic Resins ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Cie Lab

AIM: evaluate the color changes in acrylic resins immersed in two pigmented beverages in different time periods, proportional to the frequency and volume of consume by the population with and without the use of artificial saliva. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty thermo-polymerizable resin disks were confectioned with 3.0 +- 0.1 mm thickness, initially immersed in distilled water for 24 hours and randomly divided into 2 groups (n=15): GC – with artificial saliva and GS – without artificial saliva. They were, then, subdivided into 3 subgroups (n=5): G1 – distilled water (control); G2 – red wine; G3 – black tea. These groups were daily immersed inside beverages for 15 days, with daily immersion frequency equal to the beverage ingestion and the period of each immersion equal to 1 minute/10 ml of beverage per capita. Between each immersion the disks were stored inside distilled water. The color of resins was measured according to the CIE-Lab scale before and after the immersion periods, and the color variation was calculated (ΔE). The values ΔL*, Δa* e Δb* were also evaluated. RESULTS: Analysis of variance was performed, and have shown significant difference (p<0.05) among G1 and the other solutions, without significant difference between G2 and G3 for ΔE, ΔL, Δa and the module Δb. There was no difference between GC and GS. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the use of artificial saliva did not change pigmentation degree and that wine presents similar changes to the tea, considering the parameters used.

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Effect of CPP-ACP on enamel eroded extrinsically: in vitro study

RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia ◽

10.1590/1981-863720180001000033193 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 21-28

Author(s):

Iandara de Lima SCARDINI ◽

Marcella Kretli Neves DIAS ◽

Martha Chiabai Cupertino de CASTRO ◽

Ana Paula Albuquerque GUEDES ◽

Letícia Monteiro PEIXOTO

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Tooth Enamel ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Statistical Testing ◽

Immersion Medium ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the remineralization effect of CPP-ACP on tooth enamel that is eroded extrinsically. Methods: Sixty freshly extracted bovine teeth were stored in a solution of thymol (0.1%), cut into enamel blocks (6x6mm), abraded with silicon carbide sandpaper (600, 800 and 1200 grit) and polished with felt. The specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=15), varying the immersion medium , deionized water or citric acid, and the optional use of CPP-ACP. (G1: deionized water; G2: citric acid; G3: deionized water + CPP-ACP; G4: citric acid + CPP-ACP). The samples were subjected to 4 cycles of erosion every day, comprising 5 minutes immersion in one medium and 2 hours of immersion in artificial saliva, for 5 consecutive days. After each erosive cycle, 20 uL of the MI Paste was applied for 5 minutes on one half of the samples and washed with deionized water. Before and after the erosive cycling, the measurements of Vickers hardness and surface roughness were taken. Results: The results were evaluated through statistical testing. The final hardness and roughness values showed no statistically significant difference between G2 and G4. The paste in G4 did not promote an increase in hardness values nor a decrease in roughness values. Conclusion: It was concluded that CPP-ACP was unable to remineralize enamel subjected to extrinsic erosion, being ineffective in preventing erosion of enamel and in the remineralization of the eroded enamel.

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Human Dentine Remineralization Under Non-colagen Materials Action

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.5.5583 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (5) ◽

pp. 928-932

Author(s):

Agripina Zaharia ◽

Viorica Ghisman Plescan ◽

Elena Maria Anghel ◽

Viorica Musat

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Composite Layer ◽

X Ray ◽

Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Agarose Hydrogel ◽

Human Dentine ◽

Dentine Surface ◽

Scanning Electron

The purpose of this work is to induce biomimetic remineralization of acid etched coronal human dentine in artificial saliva (AS) under agarose (A) hydrogel or chitosan (CS)-A hydrogel action. The investigations focused on the morphology, chemical composition and crystalline structure of the new remineralized layers grown onto the etched dentinal surface (R) using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Experimental results showed that remineralized layers grown in the presence of A or CS-A hydrogels consist in B-type Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite (HAP). After 7 days treatment into artificial saliva under agarose hydrogel, nanorod-like extrafibrilar HAP crystals randomly self-assembled in a discontinuous layer were formed, while in presence of chitosan-agarose hydrogel a continuous compact CS-HAP composite layer was obtained. The new biomimetic layer (A-CS4) formed after 4 days on dentine surface under A-CS hydrogel has higher crystallinity. Longer exposed (7 days) dentine in the presence of agarose hydrogel shows a higher mineral-to-collagen ratio (A7). Since dentine mineralization increases, the collagen quality factor decreases in succession A-CS4]R]A7. Results show a benefic effect of chitosan on remineralization of etched dentine.

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Morphological Changes of the Hip Commonly Associated With Femoroacetabular Impingement Are Not Correlated With Rotational Range of Hip Motion in Elite Soccer Athletes

Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

10.1177/1941738120973662 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 194173812097366

Author(s):

André Orlandi Bento ◽

Guilherme Falótico ◽

Keelan Enseki ◽

Ronaldo Alves Cunha ◽

Benno Ejnisman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Femoroacetabular Impingement ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Clinical Relevance ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Alpha Angle ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Rotational Movement ◽

Professional Soccer ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Morphological changes characteristic of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) are common in soccer players. However, the clinical relevance of such anatomical variations is still not well-defined. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that high alpha angle values and/or acetabular retroversion index (ARI) are correlated with rotational range of motion (ROM) of the hip and that there are clinical-radiological diferences between the dominant lower limb (DLL) and nondominant lower limb (NDLL) in professional soccer players. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A total of 59 male professional soccer players (average age 25.5 years, range 18-38 years) were evaluated in the preseason. As main outcome measures, we evaluated the alpha angle and the ARI and hip IR and ER ROM with radiographic analysis. Results: The measurements taken on DLL and NDLL were compared and a significant difference was found between the sides in the ER ( P = 0.027), where the DLL measures were 1.54° (95% CI, 0.18-2.89) greater than the NDLL. There were no significant differences between the sides in the measures of IR ( P > 0.99), total ROM ( P = 0.07), alpha angle ( P = 0.250), and ARI ( P = 0.079). The correlations between the rotation measurements and the alpha angle in each limb were evaluated and the coefficient values showed no correlation; so also between the ARI and rotation measures. Conclusion: Morphological changes of the femur or acetabulum are not correlated with hip IR and ER ROM in male professional soccer players. ER on the dominant side was greater than on the nondominant side. There was no significant difference in the other measurements between sides. Clinical Relevance: In clinical practice, it is common to attribute loss of hip rotational movement to the presence of FAI. This study shows that anatomical FAI may not have a very strong influence on available hip rotational movement in professional soccer athletes.

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