Racism inside the Race: Light Skin versus Dark Skin

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Gunn Morris ◽  
Curtis L. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Dark Skin ◽  
Light Skin

scholarly journals A Study of Microcirculation in the Foot of Dark‐Skin Africans and Light‐Skin Caucasians.

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Jonas Atulebire Akambase ◽  
Valentine Ivanovich Kozlov ◽  
Joseph Atule Akambase ◽  
Frank Adusei Poku ◽  
Olga Aleksandrovna Gurova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Skin ◽  
Light Skin

Representation of Skin of Color in Rheumatology Educational Resources

2021 ◽  
pp. jrheum.210626
Author(s):  
Chay Bae ◽  
Michael Cheng ◽  
Christina N. Kraus ◽  
Sheetal Desai
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Skin Type ◽  
Educational Resources ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Dark Skin ◽  
Fitzpatrick Skin Type ◽  
Light Skin ◽  
Rheumatic Conditions ◽  
Diversity Estimates

Objective To investigate the availability of images representing black, indigenous, and people of color in rheumatology educational resources. Methods Colorized images were collected from 5 major educational resources and cataloged by educational resources they came from, underlying rheumatic conditions, and skin type. Fitzpatrick skin type (FST) was used to categorize images into "light", "dark", or "indeterminate". The images were initially scored by a fellow in the Division of Rheumatology and subsequently validated by a faculty member from the Department of Dermatology. Results Of the thousands of images reviewed, 1604 images met study criteria. Fitzpatrick skin type validation from Dermatology resulted in the re-coding of 111 images. The final scoring revealed 86% of the images to be light skin, 9% of images to be dark skin, and 5% of images to be indeterminate. Conclusion The paucity of dark skin images in rheumatology resources is incongruent with current diversity estimates in the United States. Significant efforts should be made to incorporate images of black, indigenous, and people of color into educational resources.

Media Stereotypes and “Coconut” Colorism: Latino Denigration Vis-à-Vis Dark Skin

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (14) ◽  
pp. 2007-2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Media Images ◽  
Dark Skin ◽  
Light Skin ◽  
The Future

By stereotype media images, Latina(o)s interact with various Eurocentric elements of the dominant population, which results in a form of discrimination called colorism. Colorism is a partiality for light skin tones and the devaluing of dark skin. Coconut is colloquial reference to a Latina(o) population. As it pertains to media images, health status, empirical evidence, and judicial evidence, the devaluation of dark skin is a vehicle of coconut colorism. The influence of media forces motivated by somatic assimilation paradigms has extended this phenomenon, not irrelevant to the discriminatory experiences encountered by Latina(o) populations. As equal members of an oppressed minority group citizenry, Latina(o)s must be held to a higher standard of social justice activism. By virtue of their enthusiastic participation colorism can then be eliminated such that the future of humanity may be rescued from the transgressions of a postcolonial environment.

Native American Colorism: From Historical Manifestations to the Current Era

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (14) ◽  
pp. 2023-2036
Author(s):  
Donna Brown ◽  
Karen Branden ◽  
Ronald E. Hall
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Dark Skin ◽  
Mixed Blood ◽  
Light Skin ◽  
Victim Group ◽  
Modern Era

Following conquest by European settlers Native Americans internalized Euro-American traditions and ideals. Salient among such ideals was the internalization of a bias as pertains to skin color defined as colorism. Colorism is a quasi-manifestation of racism carried out by victim-group populations. Subsequently, light skin was idealized and dark skin denigrated. Initially the idealization of light skin was dramatically displayed in the school setting. Internal confrontations between Cherokee tribal members were frequent. In the modern era, per confrontations such idealization is exacerbated by the complexity of tribal membership. Said complexity is acted out where those of Euro-American (light-skinned) mixed blood are more favored compared with those of African American (dark-skinned) mixed blood. The accountability of the Euro-American influenced relative to the aforementioned confrontations must be addressed in the quest for resolution.

Preferences for Black Skin among Negro Adults

1973 ◽  
Vol 32 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1171-1175
Author(s):  
Norman H. Hamm ◽  
David O. Williams ◽  
A. Derick Dalhouse
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Dark Skin ◽  
Light Skin ◽  
Black Skin ◽  
Behavioral Attributes

24 black Ss, age 15 to 25, 35 to 45, 55 to 65 yr., were required to choose a real and ideal face from 11 faces which differed in skin color and attribute desirable and undesirable behavioral attributes to 20 figures, 10 of which were Negro. Analyses of the former task showed neither a significant preference on the part of all Ss for dark skin colors nor an increasing tendency for older Ss to prefer light skin; analyses of the latter task also indicated that across all age groups there was no preference for dark skin. However, Ss in the youngest age group attributed significantly more positive behavioral attributes to black skin than Ss in the older age categories.

scholarly journals A matching of soccer players for testing the association between skin tone and the proportion of red cards received

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Ligtvoet
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Skin Tone ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Dark Skin ◽  
Light Skin ◽  
Dark Skin Tone

I investigate the association between the skin tone of soccer players and the number of red cards they receive from a referee. This is done by matching players with a dark skin tone to players with a light skin tone, based on physically similarity of the players and the positions of the players in the field. No support was found for the presence of a positive association.

scholarly journals Many analysts, one dataset: Making transparent how variations in analytical choices affect results

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Silberzahn ◽  
Eric Luis Uhlmann ◽  
Daniel Patrick Martin ◽  
Pasquale Anselmi ◽  
Frederik Aust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Dark Skin ◽  
Prior Beliefs ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Light Skin ◽  
Explained Variation ◽  
Positive Effect

Twenty-nine teams involving 61 analysts used the same dataset to address the same research question: whether soccer referees are more likely to give red cards to dark skin toned players than light skin toned players. Analytic approaches varied widely across teams, and estimated effect sizes ranged from 0.89 to 2.93 in odds ratio units, with a median of 1.31. Twenty teams (69%) found a statistically significant positive effect and nine teams (31%) observed a non-significant relationship. Overall 29 different analyses used 21 unique combinations of covariates. We found that neither analysts' prior beliefs about the effect, nor their level of expertise, nor peer-reviewed quality of analysis readily explained variation in analysis outcomes. This suggests that significant variation in analysis of complex data may be difficult to avoid, even by experts with honest intentions. Crowdsourcing data analysis, a strategy by which numerous research teams are recruited to simultaneously investigate the same research question, makes transparent how defensible, yet subjective analytic choices influence research results.

African American Adolescent Girls’ Beliefs About Skin Tone and Colorism

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 169-194
Author(s):  
Jasmine A. Abrams ◽  
Faye Z. Belgrave ◽  
Chelsea D. Williams ◽  
Morgan L. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Skin Tone ◽  
African American Girls ◽  
Dark Skin ◽  
American Women ◽  
African American Adolescent ◽  
Light Skin

Colorism is a pervasive system of inequality shown to negatively affect psychosocial and economic outcomes among African American adults. Among African American women and girls in particular, the social and psychological implications of colorist practices can be severe. The present study aimed to better understand African American girls’ understanding of this phenomenon during adolescence. Using a phenomenological approach, interviews and focus groups were conducted with African American girls ( N = 30) in order to determine which colorist messages are perceived and potentially internalized as communal beliefs. Iterative coding and subsequent thematic analysis revealed three primary themes and four subthemes: (a) Skin tone and attractiveness (Subthemes: Light skin as beautiful; Dark skin as unattractive), (b) Skin tone and social standing and education level (Subthemes: Dark skin as lower class; Light skin as higher class), and (c) Skin tone and personality/behavioral traits. Findings revealed that African American girls reported contemporary colorism biases similar to those found among African American women, suggesting temporal and generational continuity.

scholarly journals Os perigos dos Negros Brancos: cultura mulata, classe e beleza eugênica no pós-emancipação (EUA, 1900-1920)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (69) ◽  
pp. 155-176
Author(s):  
Giovana Xavier da Conceição Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Dark Skin ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Light Skin

Por meio da articulação entre história social da cultura e do trabalho, o artigo discute o processo de fortalecimento da "cultura mulata" promovido por intelectuais afro-americanos das classes alta e média no período pós-emancipação. Ao analisar o "problema da liberdade" com base nos referenciais de beleza construídos por esses "novos negros", trago à cena textos e fotografias coletados das revistas The Half Century Magazine, de Boston, e The Crisis: a record of the darker races, de Nova York. Os magazines e outros títulos evidenciam que, entre 1900 e 1930, o sistema de segregação intrarracial baseado na tonalidade da pele ("colorismo") trouxe como consequência a "pigmentocracia". Ou seja, o privilégio da pele clara (light skin) em relação à escura (dark skin) no tocante às oportunidades de mobilidade social.

scholarly journals White Look-Alikes: Mainstream Culture Adoption Makes Immigrants “Look” Phenotypically White

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas R. Kunst ◽  
John F. Dovidio ◽  
Ron Dotsch
Keyword(s):  
American Culture ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Dark Skin ◽  
Dual Identity ◽  
Light Skin ◽  
Acculturation Orientation ◽  
Mainstream Culture

White Americans generally equate “being American” with “being White.” In six studies, we demonstrate that White Americans perceive immigrants who adopt American mainstream culture as racially White and, reciprocally, perceive White-looking immigrants as assimilating more. In Studies 1 and 2, participants visually represented immigrants who adopted U.S. culture by acculturating to mainstream American culture or by holding a common or dual identity as more phenotypically White and less stereotypic in appearance. In Studies 3 and 4, these processes explained why participants were less likely to racially profile immigrants but also regarded them as less qualified for integration support. In Study 5, participants perceived light skin to fit to high U.S. culture adoption and dark skin to low U.S. culture adoption. Finally, in Study 6, light-skinned immigrants were seen as less threatening because they were perceived as assimilating more. Immigrants’ acculturation orientation and appearance interact and shape how they are evaluated.

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