scholarly journals Effectiveness of Spinosad against Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella L.) Eggs and Larvae on Cabbage under Botswana Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. IJIS.S12531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitch M. Legwaila ◽  
David C. Munthali ◽  
Motshwari Obopile ◽  
Baone C. Kwerepe
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Egg Mortality ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

The efficacy of spinosad against the diamondback moth (DBM) on cabbage was studied at Botswana College of Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana in 2011. Using five concentrations of spinosad: 0.12, 0.36, 0.60, 0.84 and 1.08 g/L, bioassays were conducted against DBM eggs and second instar larvae at 30°C ± 5°C. Each treatment was replicated three times. Probit analysis was used to determine LD50 and LD90 values for the treatments against eggs and larvae. When the treatments were assessed at 72 and 96 hours, LD90 values against larvae were 0.74 and 0.59 g/L, whereas they were 0.35 and 0.32 g/L against eggs. This indicated that spinosad was more effective against eggs than against larvae. The slopes of the probit lines for larvae assessed at 48, 72 and 96 hours after application were 3.519, 3.810 and 3.427, while those against eggs were 1.725, 1.316 and 1.086. This indicates that there was a more rapid change in larval mortality with increase in pesticide dosage than in egg mortality. The study shows that spinosad can achieve effective control of DBM eggs and larvae under Botswana conditions.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Bacillus Thuringiensis (var. Kurstaki) against Diamondback Moth (Plutella Xylostella L.) Eggs and Larvae on Cabbage Under Semi-Controlled Greenhouse Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. IJIS.S23637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitch M. Legwaila ◽  
David C. Munthali ◽  
Baone C. Kwerepe ◽  
Motshwari Obopile
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

The efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis (var. kurstaki) ( Btk) against the diamondback moth (DBM) on cabbage was studied at Botswana College of Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana. Using five concentrations of Btk: 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g/L, bioassays were conducted against DBM eggs and second instar larvae at 30°C ± 5°C. Each treatment was replicated three times. Probit analysis was used to determine the LD50 and LD90 values for the treatments against eggs and larvae. When the treatments were assessed at 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours, LD90 values against larvae were 11.02, 10.22, 5.92, and 4.01 g/L, whereas they were 7.71, 6.94, and 6.24 g/L against eggs when assessed 48, 72, and 96 hours after the expected time of hatching. This indicated that Btk was effective against both eggs and larvae when exposed for long periods. The slopes of the probit lines for larvae assessed at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours after application were 0.250, 1.064, 0.910, 0.383, 0.453, and 0.414, while those against eggs were 1.153, 1.246, and 0.933 when assessed 48, 72, and 96 hours after the expected time of hatching. This indicates a smaller change in mortality with increase in pesticide dosage for both eggs and larvae. Btk treatments achieved 85.7%–94.6% reduction in DBM damage on cabbage. Therefore, Btk can be used to achieve effective control of DBM eggs and larvae and reduce damage on cabbage under greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals Comparative efficacy of endophytic versus foliar application of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana against the crucifer diamondback moth larvae for sustainable cabbage protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1448-1458
Author(s):  
Gabriel A. Heviefo ◽  
Seth W. Nyamador ◽  
Seth W. Nyamador ◽  
Benjamin D. Datinon ◽  
Isabelle A. Glitho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Larval Instars

In recent investigations, Beauveria bassiana has been reported to be pathogenic to insect, endophytically colonize cabbage plants and may, therefore, be an alternative to chemical control of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. In this study, the comparative efficacy of endophytic and foliar application of B. bassiana was assessed on different larval instars of P. xylostella. Cabbage plants were inoculated with B. bassiana conidia using seed coating and root soaking methods. Six weeks after plant endophytic inoculation, larval instars 2, 3 and 4 of P. xylostella were released on endophytic plant leaves without fungal spraying, on non-endophytic leaves sprayed immediately with fungal formulation and on untreated control leaves. Our results indicate that the average mortality rates of larval instars 2, 3 and 4 were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) on plants colonized by the endophyte than non-inoculated, untreated control plant. Similarly, significant differences were obtained between the foliar spraying of the fungus (corrected mortalities ≥ 96.72%) and the endophytic applications (corrected mortalities ≤ 57.61 %). In endophytic treatments, larval mortality rates varied with larval age. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of B. bassiana endophytism in cabbage.Keywords: Fungal endophyte, foliar application, cabbage plant, Plutella xylostella, larval mortality, cadaver sporulation.

scholarly journals Antifeedant and Insecticidal Effect of Hexane Botanical Extracts on Diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L.. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (special) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susmitha S ◽  
◽  
Shanthi M ◽  
Murugan M ◽  
Senthil K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Significant Difference

Diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is one of the nefarious pests of cruciferous crops. Crude extracts from six botanicals obtained using hexane by continuous hot percolation process in Soxhlet apparatus were evaluated for their effect on larval mortality, antifeedant, growth and development of second instar larvae of DBM. The results revealed that the antifeedant index of Sesbania grandiflora 5% was 20.82% followed by Swietenia macrophylla 5%, which had 15.61%. The larval mortality and adult emergence exhibited by S. grandiflora was (66.67% and 33.33% respectively) after 72 h of feeding on treated leaf. It was statistically on par with S. macrophylla, which had 63.33% larval mortality and 36.67% adult emergence. With regard to the developmental period of life stages, no significant difference was observed among the treatments. However, all the treatments were significantly superior over untreated check in prolonging the developmental period of DBM. It was concluded that the S. grandiflora and S. macrophylla hexane leaf extract 5% are promising botanicals against P. xylostella, as they possess insecticidal, antifeedant and growth inhibitory activity. These results open up the scope for further isolation of bioactive compounds and validation under field conditions, which would lead to formulation development, ultimately it can be incorporated as ecofriendly component in the integrated pest management strategies.

Virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes against developmental stages of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) — effect of exposure time

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Eivazian Kary ◽  
Samira Chahardoli ◽  
Davoud Mohammadi ◽  
Aoife B. Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Dose Levels

Summary The virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora was evaluated against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. The results revealed that diamondback moth mortality was affected by its developmental stage. For both Steinernema species, diamondback moth larval mortality peaked at 18 infective juveniles (IJ) larva−1; similar results were recorded for H. bacteriophora, with mortality peaking at 20 IJ larva−1. Mortality of pre-pupa exposed to Steinernema species increased up to 35 IJ pre-pupa−1; in S. feltiae a decreasing trend was recorded at higher concentrations of IJ. A negative correlation was recorded between LC50 and ln ET values; S. carpocapsae appeared as the most virulent EPN against larvae (6.5 IJ larva−1) and H. bacteriophora was an effective EPN against pre-pupae (6.5 IJ pre-pupa−1). EPN virulence at dose levels was evaluated by plotting LC50 against ln exposure time, and in the majority of data sets deviations from a linear model were observed and data were statistically fitted by a two-stage phase.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS INSEKTISIDA EKSTRAK TITHONIA DIVERSIFOLIA (HEMSL.) A GRAY (ASTERACEAE) TERHADAP ULAT DAUN KUBIS PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: YPONOMEUTIDAE)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Efrin Firmansyah ◽  
Dadang . ◽  
Ruli Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Mortality Effect ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Cruciferous Plants

Insecticidal activity of extracts of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray (Asteraceae) against the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) is one of the most destructive pests on cruciferous plants. Generally farmers use synthetic insecticides to control this pest. Intensive and excessive use of insecticides can cause some undesirable effects such as resistance, resurgence, and contamination of insecticide on environment. One effort to solve the problems caused by synthetic insecticides use is by utilization of botanical materials that are potential to be used as botanical insecticides, one of them is Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae). The purpose of this research was to study the insecticidal activity of T. diversifolia as a botanical insecticide against P. xylostella. The leaf residual and topical application methods were used to assess the mortality effect of the extracts. Insect mortality rate was analyzed using probit analysis to obtain LC50 and LC95 values. The results showed that the flower extract had better activity on insect mortality than the leaf extract both in leaf residual and topical application treatments.

scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous Extracts from Amazon Plants on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and Brevicoryne brassicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Laboratory, Semifield, and field trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Cerda ◽  
Carlos Carpio ◽  
A Carolina Ledezma-Carrizalez ◽  
Jessica Sánchez ◽  
Luis Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Aqueous Extracts

Abstract We evaluated the insecticide activities of aqueous extracts of five species of plants from the Ecuadorian Amazon (Deguelia utilis (ACSm.) AMGAZEVEDO (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae), Xanthosoma purpuratum K. Krause (Alismatales: Araceae), Clibadium sp. (Asteracea: Asterales), Witheringia solanacea L'Hér (Solanales: Solanaceae), and Dieffenbachia costata H. Karst. ex Schott (Alismatales: Araceae)) plus Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. (Poales: Poaceae) under laboratory, open-field conditions in Plutella xylostella L. (diamondback moth), and semifield conditions in Brevicoryne brassicae L. Tap water was used as a negative control, and synthetic insecticides were used as positive controls. In a laboratory bioassay, aqueous extracts of D. utilis resulted in P. xylostella larval mortality. In contrast to chlorpyrifos, all botanicals were oviposition deterrents. All extracts except Clibadium sp. decreased leaf consumption by P. xylostella larvae. In semifield experiments, D. utilis, Clibadium sp., D. costata, and X. purpuratum initially controlled the population of B. brassicae, but 7 d after application, all botanicals except the D. utilis lost their ability to control the pest. In field experiments on broccoli crops in both dry and rainy seasons, the extracts did not control the abundance of P. xylostella, where as a mixture of two insecticides (chlorpyrifos + lambda cyhalothrin) did. These results show some incongruences from laboratory to semifield and field conditions, indicating that more studies, including the identification of the chemicals responsible for the biological activity, its stability, and the effects of chemotypes on insecticidal activity, are needed to understand the potential of these plant species as botanical insecticides.

scholarly journals Impact of insecticides on the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on cabbage in northern Benin

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brice G. Sinhouenon ◽  
Hugues Baimey ◽  
Laura Wauters ◽  
Rufin Dossou ◽  
Regis B. Ahissou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

Description of the subject. The article deals with the study of compatibility of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species with insecticides currently used against diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella (L.) in northern Benin Objectives. The aim of this work was to determine the impact of five insecticides on the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against DBM larvae. Method. Infective juveniles (IJs) of two EPN species (Steinernema sp. 83a and Heterorhabditis sonorensis KF723827) were exposed to five insecticides used against P. xylostella larvae in Djougou for 48 h. The number of surviving nematodes was used to infest DBM larvae. The experiment was carried out under laboratory and semi-field conditions. Results. The bioassays carried out in laboratory showed that the survival rate of nematodes exposed to KARATE 2.5 WG, LAMBDA SUPER 2.5EC or neem oil ranges between 95% and 98%. In the treated plots, Steinernema sp. 83a was the most virulent with the highest P. xylostella mortality (87% at 50 IJs·cm-2 after 24 h) while only 35% larval mortality was recorded for H. sonorensis applied at the same dose. Population density of nematodes which penetrated DBM larvae reached 9 ± 3I IJs·larva-1 for H. sonorensis KF723827 and 6 ± 2 IJs·larva-1 for Steinernema sp. 83a. In cadaver of DBM, nematode reproduction did not appear to be affected by the contact with insecticides. Conclusions. Based on our research, we conclude that the three insecticides did not affect EPNs efficiency and could be used in combination against DBM.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Two Entomopathogenic Nematode Species as Potential Biocontrol Agents against the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Masaaod Zolfagharian ◽  
Ayatollah Saeedizadeh ◽  
Habib Abbasipour
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
High Larval Mortality

The diamondback moth, <em>Plutella xylostella</em> (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is an important pest of cruciferous crops in Iran. The susceptibility of <em>P. xylostella</em> larvae to two species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) (<em>Steinernema carpocapsae</em> and <em>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</em>) was examined under laboratory conditions. Leaf bioassays were conducted to evaluate the nematode's capability to reach the larvae and kill them. High larval mortality (72.6-96%) was observed in laboratory experiments. The ET<sub>50</sub> of <em>H. bacteriophora</em> was higher than that of <em>S. carpocapsae</em>. The ET<sub>50</sub> of entomopatpgenic nematodes, <em>H. bacteriophora</em> and <em>S. carpocapsae</em> tested ranged from 21 to 139.7 and 11.3 to 71.4 hours, respectively. The effect of both factors infective juveniles (IJs) and exposure time of 50% (ET50) on the larval mortality was significant (df = 6; P &lt; 0.001) and (df = 2; P &lt; 0.001), respectively. This study revealed that entomopatogenic nematodes (EPNs) have great potential that should be exploited in diamondback moth, <em>P. xylostella</em> management.

scholarly journals Bio Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates against Diamond Back Moth (Plutella xylostella L.) on Cauliflower Plant in Tamil Nadu, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
S. S. Thilagavathi ◽  
G. Prasad ◽  
A. Ramalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Protein Profiling ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) gram positive entomopathogenic bacteria being an eco-friendly biopesticide. In present study the potential of B. thuringiensis isolates was studied for the biological control of Diamond back moth (DBM). Fifteen Bt isolates were obtained from the Department of Agricultural Microbiology, TNAU Tamil Nadu. This mainly isolated from the cultivated lands Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Brinjal (Solanum melongena) and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). All the 15 isolates were identified as B. thuringiensis based on the crystalline structure. Four different types of crystalline forms were observed, in which the isolates CC, CB1, BC, TD, BD were produces cuboidal shape crystals. Then, the isolates were characterized based on presence of lepidopteron specific cry gene. Among the 15 B. thuringiensis isolates seven of them were found to be positive for lepidopteron specific cry genes include cry 1 & cry 2. Four Bt isolates were exhibited presences of both cry 1 and cry 2 genes. The selected 4 isolates further screened for protein profiling by SDS Page. Molecular weights of the protein ranging from 65 to 130 kDa. Toxicity of this four B. thuringiensis isolates were evaluated by bioassay using third instar larvae of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and isolate (CC) recorded maximum mortality of 95.33% comparable to standard strain HD1 98.31%. In quantitative bioassay, the LC50 for third instar larvae of Plutella xylostella was found to be least range 197.09 ppm with fiducial limits of 110.28 - 352.21 ppm respectively. Different concentration of the toxic protein (100, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 2000) will reduce the leaf damage and larval growth was (54-8% and 58-25%) observed. This achieved effective control of DBM in cauliflower plant.

scholarly journals Insecticidal selectivity of jayanti plant (Sesbania sesban) for integrated control of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
SURIPTO SURIPTO ◽  
SUKIMAN SUKIMAN ◽  
ERIN RYANTIN GUNAWAN
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Sesbania Sesban ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Randomized Design

Suripto, Sukiman, Gunawan ER. 2017. Insecticidal selectivity of jayanti plant (Sesbania sesban) for integrated control of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). Asian J Agric 1: 80-84. It has been known previously that leaves of the jayanti plant (Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr.) containing insecticidal ingredients. This study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal selectivity of various extract fractions of S. sesban leaf for the integrated control of cabbage pest, the diamondback moths (Plutella xylostella). Dried leaf powders from S. sesban were extracted in stages by using hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethanol, and water, successively. Each of insecticidal performance of S. sesban leaf extract fractions was tested against two types of test insects, namely P. xylostella larvae as target and Diadegma semiclausum imago as non target insects according to completely randomized design in the cabbage plantation at the village of Sembalun, East Lombok, Indonesia. Each mortality data of P. xylostella larvae and D. semiclausum imago processed by probit analysis to determine the concentration of the death of 50% of test insects (LC50) of each test extract. The results showed that the LC50 of S. sesban leaf extracts classified into four fractions, namely hexane, DCM, and water extract fractions to P. xylostella larvae successively was 343.71, 294.78, 29.95, and 1197.13 ppm, and to D. semiclausum imago row was 305.5, 121.56, 37.38, and 1043.70 ppm. The results showed that the insecticidal activity of S. sesban leaf ethanol extract fraction was selective, because its selectivity value is 1.25. On the other hand each insecticidal performance of three S. sesban leaf extracts, i.e. hexane, DCM, and water extract fractions, respectively is not selective, with the selectivity values are 0.89, 0.41, and 0.87.

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