Antifeedant and Insecticidal Effect of Hexane Botanical Extracts on Diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L.. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is one of the nefarious pests of cruciferous crops. Crude extracts from six botanicals obtained using hexane by continuous hot percolation process in Soxhlet apparatus were evaluated for their effect on larval mortality, antifeedant, growth and development of second instar larvae of DBM. The results revealed that the antifeedant index of Sesbania grandiflora 5% was 20.82% followed by Swietenia macrophylla 5%, which had 15.61%. The larval mortality and adult emergence exhibited by S. grandiflora was (66.67% and 33.33% respectively) after 72 h of feeding on treated leaf. It was statistically on par with S. macrophylla, which had 63.33% larval mortality and 36.67% adult emergence. With regard to the developmental period of life stages, no significant difference was observed among the treatments. However, all the treatments were significantly superior over untreated check in prolonging the developmental period of DBM. It was concluded that the S. grandiflora and S. macrophylla hexane leaf extract 5% are promising botanicals against P. xylostella, as they possess insecticidal, antifeedant and growth inhibitory activity. These results open up the scope for further isolation of bioactive compounds and validation under field conditions, which would lead to formulation development, ultimately it can be incorporated as ecofriendly component in the integrated pest management strategies.

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Insecticidal Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Spodoptera frugiperda under laboratory conditions in Chiang Mai, Thailand

10.20944/preprints202109.0448.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sarayut Pittarate ◽

Julius Rajula ◽

Afroja Rahman ◽

Perumal Vivekanandhan ◽

Malee Thungrabeab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Pest Management ◽

Zno Nanoparticles ◽

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

Fall Armyworm ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Insecticidal Effect ◽

Significant Difference

Fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) is a major pest of corn, rice, and sorghum among other crops usually controlled using synthetic or biological insecticides. Currently, the new invention of nanotechnology is taking root in the agricultural industry as an alternative source of pest management that is target-specific, safe, and efficient. This study sought to determine the efficacy of commercial Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) towards S. frugiperda under labora-tory conditions. ZnO NPs were diluted into different concentrations (100- 500ppm), where the baby corn used to feed the S. frugiperda larvae was dipped. The development of the insect feeding on food dipped in ZnO solution was significantly (p<0.05) affected, and the number of days that the insect took to complete its life cycle had a significant difference compared to the control. There was a significant difference in the adults’ emergence at all the concentrations of ZnO NPs compared to the control, with over 90% of the eggs successfully going through the cycle until adult emergence. Additionally, several malformations were observed throughout the lifecycle of the insect. Also, the fecundity of the females was greatly affected. The findings of this study suggest the possibility of exploitation of ZnO nanoparticles not only to eradicate S. frugiperda but to significantly reduce their population in the ecosystem through deformations, reduced fecundity, reduced oviposition, and hatchability of eggs. It will be a valuable tool in integrated pest management regimens.

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The effects of local selection versus dispersal on insecticide resistance patterns: longitudinal evidence from diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)) in Australia evolving resistance to pyrethroids

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485307005494 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 145-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

N.M. Endersby ◽

P.M. Ridland ◽

A.A. Hoffmann

Keyword(s):

Gene Flow ◽

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Resistance Management ◽

Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Microsatellite Variation ◽

Resistance Evolution ◽

Local Selection

AbstractWhen strong directional selection acts on a trait, the spatial distribution of phenotypes may reflect effects of selection, as well as the spread of favoured genotypes by gene flow. Here we investigate the relative impact of these factors by assessing resistance to synthetic pyrethroids in a 12-year study of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, from southern Australia. We estimated resistance levels in populations from brassicaceous weeds, canola, forage crops and vegetables. Differences in resistance among local populations sampled repeatedly were stable over several years. Levels were lowest in samples from weeds and highest in vegetables. Resistance in canola samples increased over time as insecticide use increased. There was no evidence that selection in one area influenced resistance in adjacent areas. Microsatellite variation from 13 populations showed a low level of genetic variation among populations, with an AMOVA indicating that population only accounted for 0.25% of the molecular variation. This compared to an estimate of 13.8% of variation accounted for by the resistance trait. Results suggest that local selection rather than gene flow of resistance alleles dictated variation in resistance across populations. Therefore, regional resistance management strategies may not limit resistance evolution.

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Effects of Entomopathogenic Fungi on the Biology of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its Reduviid Predator, Rhynocoris marginatus (Heteroptera: Reduviidae)

International Journal of Insect Science ◽

10.1177/1179543319867116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 117954331986711 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muhammad Irfan Ullah ◽

Nimra Altaf ◽

Muhammad Afzal ◽

Muhammad Arshad ◽

Naunain Mehmood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Spodoptera Litura ◽

Consumption Rate ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Lower Efficiency ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽

Infected Prey

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs), Isaria fumosorosea and Beauveria bassiana, are efficient biological agents in the management of multiple arthropod pests. In this study, the effects of both EPF species on various life stages of Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its natural enemy Rhynocoris marginatus (Fab.) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) were determined under laboratory conditions. I. fumosorosea significantly ( P < .05) reduced the growth rate of the third and fourth instar larvae of S. litura. For relative consumption rate (RCR), the maximum impact was recorded for I. fumosorosea, which reduced the RCR of the larvae. The larvae of S. litura treated with I. fumosorosea showed significantly lower efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and the larval mortality rate (58.0%) was also higher compared with B. bassiana (33.3%). Similarly, I. fumosorosea had a significant effect on the pupal formation of S. litura; however, no significant effect was found on adult emergence percentage. To determine the effect of EPF-infected prey on the adult predator, their handling time, predatory rate, consumption rate, and the survival rate were recorded. No significant effect of EPF species on the predation rate was found. Furthermore, no significant difference was found in the survival rate of predators fed on either EPF-infected prey or healthy larvae. The interaction of these EPFs with a reduviid predator suggested that both EPF species, especially I. fumosorosea, could be used together with the predator to boost the biological control of S. litura in commercial crops.

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Development and reproduction of Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) on diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidotera Plutellidae)

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2008.61.6810 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 61 ◽

pp. 322-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. Khatri ◽

Q. Wang ◽

X.Z. He

Keyword(s):

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Developmental Period ◽

Fourth Instar ◽

Pupal Weight ◽

Diadegma Semiclausum

This study investigated the development emergence and mating of Diadegma semiclausum Hellen an important parasitoid of diamondback moth in the laboratory at 21 1C and 5060 RH with a photoperiod of 1212 h (lightdark) The parasitoids developmental period was significantly shorter and pupal weight significantly higher if their mothers parasitised the fourth instar larvae of DBM (P

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Comparative efficacy of endophytic versus foliar application of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana against the crucifer diamondback moth larvae for sustainable cabbage protection

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences ◽

10.4314/ijbcs.v14i4.22 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 1448-1458

Author(s):

Gabriel A. Heviefo ◽

Seth W. Nyamador ◽

Benjamin D. Datinon ◽

Isabelle A. Glitho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Comparative Efficacy ◽

Larval Instars

In recent investigations, Beauveria bassiana has been reported to be pathogenic to insect, endophytically colonize cabbage plants and may, therefore, be an alternative to chemical control of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. In this study, the comparative efficacy of endophytic and foliar application of B. bassiana was assessed on different larval instars of P. xylostella. Cabbage plants were inoculated with B. bassiana conidia using seed coating and root soaking methods. Six weeks after plant endophytic inoculation, larval instars 2, 3 and 4 of P. xylostella were released on endophytic plant leaves without fungal spraying, on non-endophytic leaves sprayed immediately with fungal formulation and on untreated control leaves. Our results indicate that the average mortality rates of larval instars 2, 3 and 4 were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) on plants colonized by the endophyte than non-inoculated, untreated control plant. Similarly, significant differences were obtained between the foliar spraying of the fungus (corrected mortalities ≥ 96.72%) and the endophytic applications (corrected mortalities ≤ 57.61 %). In endophytic treatments, larval mortality rates varied with larval age. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of B. bassiana endophytism in cabbage.Keywords: Fungal endophyte, foliar application, cabbage plant, Plutella xylostella, larval mortality, cadaver sporulation.

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Bio-efficacy of Clerodendrum capitatum (Willd) Schumachet. Thonn. (Lamiales: Verbenaceae) against Dermestes maculatus De Geer, 1774 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) larvae infestation on smoked catfish Claria gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (Siluriformes: Clariidae)

Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.21472/bjbs.030504 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 37 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽

Adeolu Rufus Jose ◽

Yallappa Rajashekar

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Harvest Management ◽

Plastic Container ◽

Dermestes Maculatus ◽

Fish Samples ◽

Leaf Powder

Studies were conducted under ambient condition to assess the efficacy of Clerodendrum capitatum (Willd) Schumachet. Thonn. (Lamiales: Verbenaceae) against larvae infestation and adult emergence of Dermestes maculatus De Geer, 1774 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) on smoked dried catfish Claria gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (Siluriformes: Clariidae). The leaf powder was admixed at 2.5 g, 3.0 g, 4.0 g and 5.0 g/15 g to disinfected smoke-dried catfish Clarias gariepinus separately in a 125 mL plastic container. Ten newly emerged (0-72 h) larvae of D. maculatus were introduced into each of the plastic containers. Efficacy of Clerodendrum capitatum was assessed based on percentage larval mortality, adult emergence reduction and weight loss. Results showed that the plant powder cause significantly (p < 0.05) larval mortality compared to the untreated fish at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post infestation. Percentage reduction of adult emergence was not significant (p > 0.05) in treated fish samples compared to untreated sample. While fish sample protected with powder of Clerodendrum capitatum, exhibit significant (p < 0.05) low weight loss as against weight loss observed in untreated fish. The efficacy of Clerodendrum capitatum is inversely proportional to increase in dosage rate. This study clearly demonstrated the larvicidal potential of Clerodendrum capitatum powder in offering effective protection against infestation and damage by D. maculatus and recommended for utilization in integrated post-harvest management strategies of smoke-dried fish.

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Effectiveness of Spinosad against Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella L.) Eggs and Larvae on Cabbage under Botswana Conditions

International Journal of Insect Science ◽

10.4137/ijis.s12531 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. IJIS.S12531 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mitch M. Legwaila ◽

David C. Munthali ◽

Motshwari Obopile ◽

Baone C. Kwerepe

Keyword(s):

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Rapid Change ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Effective Control ◽

College Of Agriculture ◽

Egg Mortality ◽

Eggs And Larvae

The efficacy of spinosad against the diamondback moth (DBM) on cabbage was studied at Botswana College of Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana in 2011. Using five concentrations of spinosad: 0.12, 0.36, 0.60, 0.84 and 1.08 g/L, bioassays were conducted against DBM eggs and second instar larvae at 30°C ± 5°C. Each treatment was replicated three times. Probit analysis was used to determine LD50 and LD90 values for the treatments against eggs and larvae. When the treatments were assessed at 72 and 96 hours, LD90 values against larvae were 0.74 and 0.59 g/L, whereas they were 0.35 and 0.32 g/L against eggs. This indicated that spinosad was more effective against eggs than against larvae. The slopes of the probit lines for larvae assessed at 48, 72 and 96 hours after application were 3.519, 3.810 and 3.427, while those against eggs were 1.725, 1.316 and 1.086. This indicates that there was a more rapid change in larval mortality with increase in pesticide dosage than in egg mortality. The study shows that spinosad can achieve effective control of DBM eggs and larvae under Botswana conditions.

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Effects of Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrosis virus (HaNPV) on the larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/78/2013-pps ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 184-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Z. Magholi ◽

H. Abbasipour ◽

R. Marzban

Keyword(s):

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Pupal Weight ◽

Similar Response ◽

Occlusion Bodies ◽

Lethal Time ◽

Nucleopolyhedrosis Virus ◽

Leaf Disks

Laboratory studies were performed to determine the insecticidal activity of baculovirus against diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. The nucleopolyhedrosis (HaNPV) was tested against 2nd instar larvae fed on cabbage leaf disks treated with aqueous suspensions of occlusion bodies (OB). Lethal concentrations values (LC25, LC50, and LC75) were 2.2 × 103, 3.8 × 104, and 6.6 × 105 PIB/ml for 2nd larval instars, respectively. Median lethal time (LT50) to similar response levels (mortality rates 50–75%) decreased with decreasing larval age (from 114.23 to 106.05 h). Larval development time and pupal weight were not affected by different concentrations (LC25, LC50, and LC75) of HaNPV. Significant differences were found in the pupal rate and adult emergence in larvae treated by different concentrations. In conclusion, HaNPV treatment failed to cause high mortality rates in P. xylostella larvae, but it had prompt deleterious effects on survivor’s development and emergence.

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Virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes against developmental stages of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) — effect of exposure time

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003214 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 293-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Naser Eivazian Kary ◽

Samira Chahardoli ◽

Davoud Mohammadi ◽

Aoife B. Dillon

Keyword(s):

Exposure Time ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽

Data Sets ◽

Dose Levels

Summary The virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora was evaluated against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. The results revealed that diamondback moth mortality was affected by its developmental stage. For both Steinernema species, diamondback moth larval mortality peaked at 18 infective juveniles (IJ) larva−1; similar results were recorded for H. bacteriophora, with mortality peaking at 20 IJ larva−1. Mortality of pre-pupa exposed to Steinernema species increased up to 35 IJ pre-pupa−1; in S. feltiae a decreasing trend was recorded at higher concentrations of IJ. A negative correlation was recorded between LC50 and ln ET values; S. carpocapsae appeared as the most virulent EPN against larvae (6.5 IJ larva−1) and H. bacteriophora was an effective EPN against pre-pupae (6.5 IJ pre-pupa−1). EPN virulence at dose levels was evaluated by plotting LC50 against ln exposure time, and in the majority of data sets deviations from a linear model were observed and data were statistically fitted by a two-stage phase.

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Assessing the Single and Combined Toxicity of Chlorantraniliprole and Bacillus thuringiensis (GO33A) against Four Selected Strains of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and a Gene Expression Analysis

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13030227 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 227

Author(s):

Muhammad Zeeshan Shabbir ◽

Ling He ◽

Changlong Shu ◽

Fei Yin ◽

Jie Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Combined Toxicity ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Brassica Vegetables ◽

Positive Correlations

Concerns about resistance development to conventional insecticides in diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella (L.), the most destructive pest of Brassica vegetables, have stimulated interest in alternative pest management strategies. The toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (Bt GO33A) combined with chlorantraniliprole (Chl) has not been documented. Here, we examined single and combined toxicity of chlorantraniliprole and Bt to assess the levels of resistance in four DBM strains. Additionally, enzyme activities were tested in field-original highly resistant (FOH-DBM), Bt-resistant (Bt-DBM), chlorantraniliprole-resistant (CL-DBM), and Bt + chlorantraniliprole-resistant (BtC-DBM) strains. The Bt product had the highest toxicity to all four DBM strains followed by the mixture of insecticides (Bt + Chl) and chlorantraniliprole. Synergism between Bt and chlorantraniliprole was observed; the combination of Bt + (Bt + Chl) (1:1, LC50:LC50) was the most toxic, showing a synergistic effect against all four DBM strains with a poison ratio of 1.35, 1.29, 1.27, and 1.25. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and carboxyl-esterase (CarE) activities showed positive correlations with chlorantraniliprole resistance, but no correlation was observed with resistance to Bt and Bt + Chl insecticides. Expression of genes coding for PxGST, CarE, AChE, and MFO using qRT-PCR showed that the PxGST and MFO were significantly overexpressed in Bt-DBM. However, AChE and CarE showed no difference in the four DBM strains. Mixtures of Bt with chlorantraniliprole exhibited synergistic effects and may aid the design of new combinations of pesticides to delay resistance in DBM strains substantially.

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