scholarly journals Prevalence and Pattern of Smoking among Bus Drivers of Dhaka, Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. TUI.S13966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shatabdi Goon ◽  
Munmun S. Bipasha
Keyword(s):  
Peer Influence ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Health Complications

Background Smoking is an increasingly prevalent habit in Bangladesh, particularly among men with low socioeconomic status. Aim The aim of this study was determining the prevalence and pattern of smoking among bus drivers of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out from 15 to 26 March 2013 among four hundred bus drivers of Dhaka city, Bangladesh aged between 18 and 50 determining the prevalence, pattern, and socioeconomic determinants of smoking. Data were input into a pre-designed access database with data management and analysis using standard statistical tools (SPSS-15) to assess significance through cross-tabulation. Results The overall prevalence of smoking among bus drivers was 93%, and 20% of their daily income was spent on smoking. Though most (32.3%) of the drivers started smoking before involving in driving profession, but excessive smoking had been promoted by occupational and environmental stress experiencing hectic work schedule. Individuals with no education were three times (odds ratio (OR) 2.8; 95% CI 1.2–6.13) more likely to be smoker. Smoking was detected among 53.2% of smokers aged 26 or above (χ 2 = 8.30, P < 0.05), and they showed significantly high prevalence. The reasons behind smoking were almost exclusively habit (38.1%), peer influence (26.8%), and thinking of stress relief (25.3%). Smoking can also worsen poverty among users and their families because most of the drivers reported chest pain (34.4%), heart disease (25.8%), and other health complications caused by smoking depriving families of much-needed income and imposing additional costs of health care. Conclusion Interventions and preventions by policy makers, public health experts, and other stakeholders should be introduced considering high prevalence of smoking among Bangladeshi bus drivers with detrimental health sequel.

scholarly journals Prevalence of falls in elderly in Brazil: a countrywide analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1819-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Vinholes Siqueira ◽  
Luiz Augusto Facchini ◽  
Denise Silva da Silveira ◽  
Roberto Xavier Piccini ◽  
Elaine Tomasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
The North ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Falls In Elderly

We conducted a cross-sectional study of a sample of 6,616 elderly living in urban areas of 100 municipalities in 23 Brazilian states, who responded to questions on the occurrence of falls in the 12 months prior to the interview, and occurrence of fractures due to the falls. The prevalence of falls among the elderly was 27.6% (95%CI: 26.5-28.7). Among those reporting falls, 11% had suffered fractures as a result. Of the elderly, 36% had received guidance about the precautions necessary to prevent falls, and about 1% had required surgery. Falls were associated with female gender, older age, low socioeconomic status, obesity and sedentary lifestyles. The prevalence of falls differed significantly between the North and other regions of Brazil. The study shows a high prevalence of falls, and underlines the need for preventive strategies targeting modifiable risk factors.

Nutritional anaemia in children in post supplementation era: A cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Manoj Kumar Singh ◽  
Vineet Kumar Singh ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Sheo Pratap Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Female Children ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12

Background: Nutritional anemia is still the primary cause of anemia despite of various nutritional programmes in developing countries. Aims and Objective: The present study was planned to asses Iron, Folate, and Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia in developing countries. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Agra in collaboration with Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi. Admitted children of age 6 months to 14 years having signs and symptoms of anaemia were included in the study. Sample size calculated was 157. All the cases were subjected to CBC, GBP, serum iron, ferritin, folate and vitamin B12 level estimation. Results: Out of 672 children, 157 children with clinical feature of anaemia were enrolled in the study. Among these 157 children, 52.87% were male. Percent proportion of anaemia was highest among toddlers (27.39%) and lowest in adolescent (10.83%). The maximum cases were of urban area (65.6%) and middle socioeconomic status (47.13%). Most of the children were undernourished/underweight (60.4%). Mean iron level was significantly low in female children, children of rural areas, low socioeconomic status and malnutrition/underweight. Mixed iron, folate and B12 deficiency was found in 48.41%, 30.57% and 22.93% cases respectively. In 24.20% cases no deficiencies were found and were classified as anaemia due to some unspecified causes. Conclusion: Nutritional deficiency anaemia is contributing to a large proportion of anaemic patients. More intensified programmes are needed especially for female children, children of rural areas, low socioeconomic status and malnutrition/underweight.

Accelerometer-measured physical activity among adolescents in a multicultural area characterized by low socioeconomic status

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Fröberg ◽  
Christel Larsson ◽  
Christina Berg ◽  
Cecilia Boldemann ◽  
Anders Raustorp
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Organized Sports ◽  
Wear Time

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe and analyze accelerometer-measured sedentary time and physical activity (PA) among adolescents in a multicultural area characterized by low socioeconomic status (SES). Method: Seventh-graders (n=114 (girls n=66), mean age: 12.8±0.5 y) were recruited from three schools in a multicultural area of the city of Gothenburg, Sweden. Sedentary time and PA were measured with ActiGraph™ accelerometers. Result: Of total wear-time, 70 (±6)% was sedentary, with girls being more sedentary than boys. Girls had less light PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) than boys. Similar patterns were shown during in-school and out-of-school hours. During wear-time, 53% had a mean of ≥60 min of MVPA per day, but only 6% of the girls and 24% of the boys were sufficiently physically active every day. Girls had more sedentary bouts of ≥10 min and fewer MVPA bouts of ≥5 min per day than boys. Those who participated in organized sports spent a mean of 15 more minutes of MVPA per day compared to those who did not. No association was observed between body mass index (BMI) and sedentary time and PA. Conclusion: Only a few adolescents from a Swedish multicultural area characterized by low SES met the PA recommendations every day, and girls were more sedentary and less physically active than boys. Adolescents involved in organized sports had more of MVPA per day than their non-involved peers. Sedentary time and PA were not related to BMI.

scholarly journals Hubungan Pengeluaran Rumah Tangga, Asupan Protein, Dan Asupan Zat Besi Dengan Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Pekerja Tambang Pasir Tradisional

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Syahid Kinayung Widyaji ◽  
Trias Mahmudiono
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Food Recall

Background: Anemia is one of the nutritional problem in society with low socioeconomic status. Low socioeconomic associated with lower nutritional intake do to limited access to a variety of foods.Objective: the aim of this study was to analyze the relationship netween household expenditure and intake protein with hemoglobin level among sand miner.Method: this was a cross sectional study with 51 sample sand miner was selected by simple random sampling. The data were collected through interview using questionnaire, 2x24 hours food recall, and hemoglobin level measured by Easy Touch GCHb. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation.Result: The result showed that there were associations between household expenditure (p = 0.016) and intake protein (p = 0.037) to hemoglobin level. Conversely, there was no association between intakes of iron to hemoglobin level.Conclusion: Household expenditure and intake protein related to the hemoglobin level among sand miner.Conclusion : Patient satisfaction of food by outsourcing system was no difference from the patient satisfaction of food by self operated system.ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Anemia merupakan salah satu masalah gizi pada masyarakat dengan status sosial ekonomi yang rendah. Pada sosial ekonomi yang rendah cenderung asupan zat gizinya rendah karena terbatasnya akses ke pangan yang beragam.Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan antara pengeluaran rumah tangga, asupan protein, dan asupan zat besi dengan kadar hemoglobin pada pekerja tambang pasir tradisional.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan besar sampel 58 pekerja tambang pasir tradisional yang dipilih menggunakan simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, 2x24 hours food recall, dan kadar hemoglobin diukur dengan alat Easy Touch GCHb. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah korelasi pearson.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan pengeluaran rumah tangga (p = 0,016) dan asupan protein (p = 0,037) dengan kadar hemoglobin. Sebaliknya tidak terdapat hubungan  asupan zat besi (p = 0,258) dengan kadar hemoglobin.Kesimpulan: Pengeluaran rumah tangga dan asupan protein berhubungan dengan kadar hemoglobin pada pekerja tambang pasir tradisional.

scholarly journals Social determinants and changes in energy drink consumption among adolescents in Norway, 2017–2019: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e049284
Author(s):  
Siri Kaldenbach ◽  
Tor A Strand ◽  
Beate Stokke Solvik ◽  
Mads Holten-Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Level ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption

ObjectivesTo describe the social determinants and development in energy drink consumption among Norwegian adolescents in 2017, 2018 and 2019.DesignCross-sectional, online, annual, nationwide surveys (Ungdata).SettingResponses collected online from January 2017 to December 2019.ParticipantsLower and upper secondary school students (n=297 102) aged 12–19 years who responded in 2017, 2018 and 2019.Main outcome measuresFrequency of energy drink consumption.ResultsOver the 3-year period, 66.4% of the men and 41.8% of the women had consumed energy drink once a week or more. The proportion of female high consumers (consuming energy drink more than four times a week) increased from 3.3% to 4.9% between 2017 and 2019; for male, the increase was from 9.8% to 11.5%. In females, the proportion of high consumers increased with 24% (relative risk; CI) (1.24; 1.09 to 1.41) from 2017 to 2018 and 46% (1.46; 1.31 to 1.62) from 2017 to 2019. The corresponding increases in males were 10% (1.10; 1.01 to 1.20) from 2017 to 2018 and 12% (1.12; 1.05 to 1.19) from 2017 to 2019. Any energy drink consumption as well as high energy drink consumption were independently associated with school level, less central residency, low socioeconomic status, physical inactivity and high leisure screen time.ConclusionWe found an increase in high consumers among both boys and girls between 2017 and 2019. The observed increase in energy drink consumption among adolescents can explain some of the increased sales of energy drink in Norway.

The relation of toddy (palm wine) intake to amoebic liver abscess in a predominantly toddy-drinking population: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Jha ◽  
Praveen Jha ◽  
Madhur Chaudhary ◽  
Shailesh Kumar ◽  
Vidyut Prakash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Amoebic Liver Abscess ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Alcoholic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Palm Wine ◽  
Demographic Profiles

The role of toddy (palm wine) as an independent risk factor for amoebic liver abscess (ALA) is not clear. In a cross-sectional study, the clinico-demographic profiles of inpatients with ALA were examined. Microscopy examination of toddy (n = 43) samples was performed. A total of 198 patients with ALA were enrolled, most of whom were: admitted during the May–August months (48%); chronic alcoholic (85% [70% toddy]); malnourished (85%); and of low socioeconomic status (88%). Clinical and laboratory parameters were comparable between toddy and distilled alcohol drinkers. None of the toddy samples revealed presence of cysts and trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica.

scholarly journals ERICA: leisure-time physical inactivity in Brazilian adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (suppl 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Vogt Cureau ◽  
Thiago Luiz Nogueira da Silva ◽  
Katia Vergetti Bloch ◽  
Elizabeth Fujimori ◽  
Dilson Rodrigues Belfort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Economic Class

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity in Brazilian adolescents and their association with geographical and sociodemographic variables. METHODS The sample was composed by 74,589 adolescents participating in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). This cross-sectional study of school basis with national scope involved adolescents aged from 12 to 17 years in Brazilian cities with more than 100 thousand inhabitants. The prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity was categorized according to the volume of weekly practice (< 300; 0 min). The prevalences were estimated for the total sample and by sex. Poisson regression models were used to assess associated factors. RESULTS The prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity was 54.3% (95%CI 53.4-55.2), and higher for the female sex (70.7%, 95%CI 69.5-71.9) compared to the male (38.0%, 95%CI 36.7-39.4). More than a quarter of adolescents (26.5%, 95%CI 25.8-27.3) reported not practicing physical activity in the leisure time, a condition more prevalent for girls (39.8%, 95%CI 38.8-40.9) than boys (13.4%, 95%CI 12.4-14.4). For girls, the variables that were associated with physical inactivity were: reside in the Northeast (RP = 1.13, 95%CI 1.08-1.19), Southeast (RP = 1.16, 95%CI 1.11-1.22) and South (RP = 1.12, 95%CI 1.06-1.18); have 16-17 years (RP = 1.06, 95%CI 1.12-1.15); and belong to the lower economic class (RP = 1.33, 95%CI 1.20-1.48). The same factors, except reside in the Southeast and South, were also associated with not practicing physical activity in the leisure time for the same group. In males, as well as the region, being older (p < 0.001) and declaring to be indigenous (RP = 0.37, 95%CI 0.19-0.73) were also associated with not practicing physical activities in the leisure time. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity in Brazilian adolescents is high. It presents regional variations and is associated with age and low socioeconomic status. Special attention should be given to girls and to those who do not engage in any physical activity during the leisure time, so that they can adopt a more active lifestyle.

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