Repeated injections with dexamethasone in healthy lactating sows and the effect on growth rate of their suckling piglets

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Norby ◽  
B. E. Straw ◽  
P. C. Bartlett ◽  
K. Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Effect On Growth

Twelve lactating sows were given two doses of 14 mg of dexamethasone and 12 controls were given two doses (7.0 mL) of physiological saline. During the treatment period, total litter weight gain in litters of dexamethasone-treated sows was significantly less (P = 0.02) than weight gain of control litters. Key words: Swine, glucocorticoids, growth rate

scholarly journals Effect of dietary arginine-to-lysine ratio in lactation on biochemical indices and performance of lactating sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiguo Gao ◽  
Xiaolu Wen ◽  
Chunyan Guo ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Wenjie Ban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The present study investigated the effect of optimizing the total dietary arginine (Arg)-to-lysine (Lys) ratios on the metabolism of lactating sows and piglet performance by supplementation with l- Arg during lactation. A total of 200 multiparous sows (three to six parities, Yorkshire × Landrace) were selected and randomly and equally assigned to five groups in lactation, and finally, 36, 34, 35, 36, and 33 dams completed the study in the dietary treatments, respectively, where the diets consisted of five step-up Arg-to-Lys ratios (0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3) by the addition of 0%, 0.10%, 0.20%, 0.30%, and 0.40% Arg. The diets contained 3.37 to 3.38 Mcal of digestible energy/kg energy, 17.73% to 17.75% crude protein, and 0.98% to 1.01% Lys and were fed ad libitum during lactation. The performance of sows and suckling piglets was measured, and plasma and milk samples were collected for analysis. The feed intake of sows as well as litter weight gain during lactation increased linearly (P ≤ 0.05), while maternal backfat and milk composition were not affected (P > 0.05) as the dietary Arg-to-Lys ratios increased. Analyzed plasma biochemical indices, including concentrations of free Arg, Orn, and Glu, and prolactin, insulin, and follicle-stimulating hormone, responded linearly (P ≤ 0.05) to increases in dietary Arg-to-Lys ratios. The dietary Arg-to-Lys ratios of 1.01 and 1.02 were optimal for maternal feed intake and litter weight gain, based on broken-line models. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that increasing total dietary Arg-to-Lys ratios in lactation was beneficial for the performance of lactating sows and suckling piglets, and dietary Arg-to-Lys ratios of 1.01 and 1.02 were optimal, from regression analyses, for the practical feeding of lactating sows.

scholarly journals Teat order affects postweaning behaviour in piglets

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1660-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Sommavilla ◽  
Osmar Antonio Dalla Costa ◽  
Luciana Aparecida Honorato ◽  
Clarissa Silva Cardoso ◽  
Maria José Hötzel
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agonistic Interaction ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Solid Diet ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Time Eating

<p>The objective of this study was to investigate if piglets that suck anterior teats differ from the others in the litter in birth weight, if they have higher growth rate during lactation, and if this affects behaviour and post-weaning weight gain, when piglets change to a solid diet. For this, the teat order of 24 litters was determined during suckling. Piglets were weaned on the 28<sup>th</sup>day of age, and 24 groups were formed, composed of one piglet that sucked on the first two pairs of teats (AT) and three piglets that sucked on the other teats (OT). Even though weight at birth did not vary according to teat order, weight gain at weaning differed between the groups (AT: 6.64, S.E. 0.20kg, OT: 5.73, S.E. 0.13kg; P<0.001). After weaning, AT piglets spent more time lying (P<0.01) and less time eating (P<0.01) and vocalizing (P<0.01), than the other piglets. Other behaviours (agonistic interaction, escape attempt and drinking) did not differ between the groups. Piglets that sucked anterior teats gained more weight until weaning, suggesting they took in more milk; this fact might have lead them to have less contact with solid food before weaning, influencing their post-weaning alimentary behaviour.</p>

scholarly journals Nutritional strategies to cope with reduced litter weight gain and total tract digestibility in lactating sows

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 914-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Álvarez-Rodríguez ◽  
L. Mir ◽  
A. R. Seradj ◽  
H. Morazán ◽  
J. Balcells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

THE EFFECTS OF WEANING SCHEDULE, DURATION OF MILK FEEDING AND FISHMEAL ON CALF PERFORMANCE

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. BUSH ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Milk Feeding

Two experiments were conducted to measure the effects of weaning procedure and duration of milk feeding on calf performance and overall milk consumption. In exp. 1, compared with calves weaned when consuming 500 g d−1 of starter (control), those weaned when intake reached 1000 gd−1 (delayed) consumed 2.5 times as much milk and those fed gradually diminishing milk levels until weaned at 1500 g d−1 of starter intake (gradual) consumed about 1.5 times as much milk. Both the control and delayed groups experienced a growth setback of up to 8 d at weaning. There was no change in growth rate for the gradual weaning group. In exp. 2, the calves were gradually weaned over 7 d commencing at 28 d of age and were fed either supplemental milk, wet fishmeal, dry fishmeal or no protein supplement (control) for an additional 140 d. Calves fed milk grew fastest and had the best feed:gain ratio (P < 0.01). Those fed fishmeal grew faster than the controls and had better feed:gain ratios (P < 0.01). There was no difference between the wet and dry fishmeal suggesting that any increased rumen by-pass through the esophageal groove reflex did not result in improved animal gain. The potential value to the producer of feeding over quota milk to calves marketed at 168 d was calculated to be $15.22 hL−1 on the basis of dry feed replaced and increased weight gain by the milk-fed calves. Key words: Calves, milk, weaning, by-pass protein, fishmeal

scholarly journals Xylanase in diets for growing pigs and broiler chicks

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Olukosi ◽  
M. R. Bedford ◽  
O. Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Effect On Growth

Experiments designed to determine the effects of feeding graded levels of xylanase to 10-kg pigs (exp. 1) and 1-d old broiler chicks (exp. 2) are presented. Pigs received diet composed of corn, rye, wheat, and SBM for 28 d, whereas chickens were fed diet composed of rye, wheat, and SBM for 21 d. Six dietary treatments consisting of a control diet or control plus xylanase (in units kg-1) at 400, 800, 1600, 3200 or 32 000 were fed. Graded levels of xylanase had no effect on growth performance of 10-kg pigs. There were diet and age effects (P < 0.05) on digestibility of DM, CP, and Ca in pigs. Linear and quadratic responses (P < 0.05) in final weight, weight gain, and gain:feed of broiler chicks to graded levels of xylanase were observed in exp. 2. In exp. 2, the effect of xylanase became apparent (P < 0.05) at 800 U kg-1; there were no differences in response to xylanase at 3200 and 32 000 U kg-1. In conclusion, xylanase improved growth performance in 1-d-old broilers fed a diet composed of rye, wheat, and SBM but not in 10-kg pigs that received a diet composed of corn, rye, wheat, and SBM. Key words: Broiler chicks, non-starch polysaccharides, pigs, xylanase

Effects of pasture grazing or storage feeding and concentrate input between 5·5 and 11 months of age on the performance and carcass composition of bulls and on subsequent growth and carcass composition at 620 kg live weight

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. J. Steen ◽  
D. J. Kilpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

AbstractA 3-year experiment has been carried out to compare systems of bull beef production involving pasture grazing and continuous storage feeding and to examine the effects of sward surface height and concentrate input from 5·5 to 11 months of age on grazing behaviour, growth rate and body composition at the end of the treatment period and on subsequent growth rate and carcass composition at commercial slaughter weight. Animals were either set-stocked at pasture to maintain sward surface heights of 6·5 and 10·0 cm or were given grass silage (725 g digestible organic matter per kg dry matter (DM)) supplemented with 0·8, 1·6, 2·4, 3·2 and 4·0 kg cereal-based concentrates (188 g crude protein per kg DM) per head daily. Half of the animals grazed at each sward height were given 1 -6 kg concentrates per head daily while the remainder received no supplement. A total of 255 continental beef breed × Friesian calves which were initially 198 kg live weight were used. From 11 months of age until slaughter at a mean live weight of 620 kg all animals were given grass silage supplemented with 3 kg cereal-based concentrate DM per head daily.Reducing sward surface height from 10·0 to 6·5 cm increased the proportion of time spent grazing (P < 0·001), reduced the proportion of time involved in other activities and reduced live-weight gain (P < 0·001) from 1·21 to 0·84 kg/day. Offering concentrates at pasture reduced (P < 0·001) the proportion of time spent grazing (the effect being greater with the animals grazing the shorter swards) but did not affect the performance of the animals grazing the taller swards and produced only a modest increase in the live-weight gain (70 g/kg concentrates) of those grazing the shorter swards. At the end of the treatment period, the carcasses of the animals which had been given silage contained proportionally 0·39 more lipid than those of animals which had been at pasture and had the same growth rate. Differences in live weight at 11 months of age due to differences in feeding from 5·5 to 11 months were largely retained until the end of a 7-month period of realimentation while differences in carcass composition at II months were eliminated by slaughter at a constant live weight of 622 kg.

Fibrolytic enzymes increase fiber digestibility and growth rate of steers fed dry forages

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Beauchemin ◽  
L. M. Rode ◽  
V. J. H. Sewalt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Barley Silage

Seventy-two steers (289 kg) were offered ad libitum cubed alfalfa hay, cubed timothy hay, or barley silage supplemented with incremental levels of xylanase (IU) and cellulase (FPU), combined in a ratio of 1 IU:0.04 FPU. For alfalfa hay, low and moderate levels (900 to 4733 IU kg−1 DM) increased weight gain by up to 30% (P < 0.10), whereas, for timothy hay, the highest level (12 000 IU kg−1 DM) improved gain (P < 0.10) by 36%. No response to enzymes was observed for barley silage. Fibrolytic enzymes improve weight gain of cattle but optimal enzyme levels depend upon the type of forage. Key words: Beef cattle, forages, enzymes, cellulase, xylanase, carbohydrases

scholarly journals PSIII-11 Effect of dietary lactic acid bacteria level on reproductive performance and plasma indices in lactating sows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 187-188
Author(s):  
can yang ◽  
xiaowu tang ◽  
fengna li ◽  
Ruilin huang ◽  
Yulong Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Piglet Growth ◽  
Weaning Piglets ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Abstract This experiment was conducted to research the effects of different dietary levels of lactic acid bacterial (LAB) in sows’ diet during lactation on piglet growth performance, serum biochemical indices and amino acid of sows. 40 late gestation (110 d) sows with parity 3 or 4 were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 sows per group. 0, 50, 100, 200, 300 mL Lactobacillus liquid (live LAB concentration was ≥1 *109 CFU/mL) was fed per sow per day for experimental groups L0, L50, L100, L200, L300, respectively. The durations of the test were 35 days. Results showed that, litter weight at weaning from group C grew slower than piglets from groups of L100, L200, L300 (P &lt; 0. 05). Average piglet weight gain from day 1 to 21 of lactation was higher in L200 compared with groups C and L50 (P &lt; 0. 05). Number of weaned pigs increased linearly with dietary LAB level (P = 0.037, r2 = 0.146, y=8.335 + 0.005x). Total litter weight gain from day 0 to 21 increased linearly with the dietary LAB level (P = 0.005, r2 = 0.288, y=15.797 + 0.040x). Serum GLU concentration was smaller in group L50 compared with other groups (P &lt; 0.05). Serum TC concentration was higher in group L100 and lower in groups L200 and L300 (P &lt; 0.05).The values of those amino acids such as leucine, lysine, valine, arginine, cysteine, ornithine were all higher in the sows fed 50 mL LAB than other groups (P &lt; 0.05).In summary, our results have revealed the ability of addition of LAB in sows’ diet during lactation significantly modify piglet growth. Addition of 200 mL LAB liquid seems to be more effective in elevating weight of weaning piglets.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS ON THE WEIGHT OF MICE

1963 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene Dubos ◽  
Russell W. Schaedler ◽  
Richard L. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Fecal Flora ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Short Period

NCS mice gained weight rapidly when fed a gluten diet deficient in several amino acids, but their weight gain on the same regimen was very much retarded if they were given antibacterial drugs, even for a short period of time. This retardation of growth could not be entirely corrected by supplementing the gluten diet with lysine and threonine. The decrease in growth rate brought about by antibacterial drugs could probably be traced to the alteration in intestinal flora resulting from drug treatment. The intensity and duration of both types of changes were related to the dose of drug administered, and to the length of the treatment period. Whatever the nutritional regimen, treatment with penicillin caused a retardation of weight gain in NCS mice. The retardation was more pronounced, and longer lasting, when the animals were fed semisynthetic regimens (containing casein or gluten) than when they were fed crude diets (pellets) containing natural materials of ill defined composition. These differences probably had their origin in the fact that the changes in fecal flora induced by the drugs were profoundly influenced by the composition of the diet. Antibacterial drugs which retarded weight gain of Swiss NCS mice, in contrast increased weight gain in ordinary Swiss mice raised under usual conditions. It is probable that this difference in response to the antibacterial drugs resulted from the fact that ordinary Swiss mice have a much more complex intestinal flora than NCS animals.

THE EFFECTS OF DIETARY METHIONINE AND LYSINE ON BROILER CHICKEN PERFORMANCE AND BREAST MEAT YIELD

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. HICKLING ◽  
W. GUENTER ◽  
M. E. JACKSON
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Breast Meat Yield

An experiment was conducted with 3840 male Ross × Arbor Acres broiler chicks to test the effects of increasing dietary methionine and lysine on performance and breast meat yield. Supplemental methionine and lysine were fed in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement in both starter (0–3 wk) and finisher (3–6 wk) diets. Methionine was fed at levels of NRC and 112% NRC. Lysine was fed at levels of NRC and 106% NRC, 112% NRC and 118% NRC. Increasing dietary methionine increased weight gain (P < 0.01), feed efficiency (P < 0.01) from 3 to 6 wk, and breast meat yield (P < 0.01) at 6 wk. Increasing dietary lysine caused a curvilinear response in breast meat yield (P < 0.05). Key words: Broiler, lysine, methionine, breast meat

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