Practical dietary levels of canola oil and tallow have differing effects on gilt and barrow performance and carcass composition

Previously we demonstrated that barrows produced leaner carcasses when fed 5% versus 2% canola oil. The present trial was conducted to determine if the same would be true for gilts or when feeding beef tallow (a source of saturated fatty acids). Four diets were fed (2 or 5% canola oil or digestible energy equivalents of tallow), and 27 gilts and 27 barrows were fed each diet. Experimental diets were fed from 49.4 to 113.5 kg body weight. Barrows fed 2% canola oil had similar average daily gains (ADG) relative to gilts (P > 0.05) fed any diet, but grew slower than barrows fed 5% canola oil (0.99 vs. 1.08 kg d-1; P < 0.05) and tended to have lower ADG relative to barrows fed diets containing tallow (P < 0.10). Barrows fed 2% canola oil had poorer feed conversion efficiency (kg feed kg-1 gain) relative to animals fed any other diet (P < 0.05). For barrows, feeding the 2% canola oil resulted in more subcutaneous fat relative to feeding 2.16% tallow (+18 g kg-1 lean cuts; P < 0.05), but the anticipated decrease in barrow subcutaneous fat when feeding 5% canola oil was not significant (-4 g kg-1 lean cuts; P > 0.05). No practical differences in pork quality were noted when feeding any diet, but backfat became more unsaturated when feeding canola oil and led to softer backfat (P < 0.05). When feeding canola oil to barrows, it may therefore be more practical to feed higher levels than lower levels due to improvements in animal performance without changes in body composition, but care must be taken so that fat softness does not become an issue. Key words: Canola oil, tallow, barrow, gilt, carcass composition, average daily gain, feed conversion

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PSII-23 Meat quality of Santa Inês lambs slaughtered at different backfat thickness

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.300 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 170-170

Author(s):

Edson Luis de A Ribeiro ◽

Francisco Fernandes Jr ◽

Camila Constantino ◽

Fernando Augusto Grandis ◽

Natália Albieri Koritiaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

The Other ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Fat Thickness ◽

Santa Inês ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and meat characteristics of castrated and intact Santa Inês male lambs slaughtered at three different thicknesses of subcutaneous fat. Thirty-four lambs, approximately 3 months of age, 19.37 ± 3.73 kg of body weight were used. Four weeks prior to the experiment, half of the animals were castrated. Lambs were further divided into three groups, according to the criteria for slaughter: fat thicknesses of 1, 3 and 6 mm; measured with an ultrasound equipment. All animals received the same diet. Criteria of 1 and 3 mm were achieved after 39 and 84 days in feedlot. As the criterion of 6 mm was not attained up to 130 days of confinement, lambs were slaughtered at that time, with 4 mm of fat thickness. Fat thickness measured with a caliper on the carcasses were 0.87, 3.11 and 3.60 mm. There were no interactions (P > 0.05) between sexual conditions and slaughter criteria. Average daily gain was similar (P > 0.05). Among criteria (average of 0.267 ± 0.052 kg/day). However, final body weight (29.94 ± 2.03; 40.42 ± 2.67 and 53.85 ± 2.03 kg) and feed conversion (4.17 ± 0.39; 4.71 ± 0.43 and 6.01 ± 0.39) were different (P0.05) among criteria, panelists found that lambs slaughtered with 3.6 mm of fat thickness were less (P < 0.05) desirable. Average daily gain (0.283 ± 0.013 vs 0.247 ± 0.012 kg) was greater (P < 0.05) for intact than castrated lambs; however, the meat of intact lambs was less desirable. The other traits were similar for both sexual conditions. We can conclude by the performance and meat results that it is better to slaughter Santa Inês lambs with 3 mm of fat cover, and for the best acceptability of the meat the lambs should be castrated.

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Effects in bacon pigs of differing levels of nutrition to 20 kg. body weight

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100022091 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 301-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Henning E. Nielsen

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Live Weight ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Eye Muscle ◽

Group 4 ◽

Second Period ◽

Daily Gain

Sixteen blocks of eight littermate pigs were weaned at 3 weeks of age and each divided into four groups. Various levels of nutrition were applied to the pigs so that the four groups reached 20 kg. at 59, 68, 80 and 91 days of age, respectively.Only small differences were observed between groups in feed conversion ratio to 20 kg.; however, Group 4 required more feed per kg. gain than the three other groups.During the second period (20–90 kg.) the pigs in each group were divided into two sub-groups, which were on a high and a low plane of nutrition respectively. In both sub-groups the type of feeding before 20 kg. influenced the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio. The older the pigs were at 20 kg. the higher the daily gain and the lower the feed conversion ratio in the following period. There was an increase in daily feed intake with increased age at 20 kg. for pigs fed ad lib. during the second period.An increase in age at 20 kg. caused a significant decrease in thickness of backfat, a greater area of eye muscle and a smaller area of fat overlying muscle. For pigs fed ad lib. the area of eye muscle was significantly increased by a higher age at 20 kg. live-weight.

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Residual feed intake and relationships with performance of Nellore cattle selected for post weaning weight

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982011000400030 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 929-937 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

T. Lucila Sobrinho ◽

R.H. Branco ◽

S.F.M. Bonilha ◽

A.M. Castilhos ◽

L.A. Figueiredo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Residual Feed Intake ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Kleiber Ratio ◽

Nellore Cattle ◽

Daily Gain

The objective of this work was to evaluate performance, efficiency parameters and phenotypic correlations among measurements of energy efficiency of Nellore cattle selected for post weaning weight and classified according to residual feed intake, calculated by the difference between observed and predicted intake, based on average metabolic body weight and average daily gain. Thus, animals were classified within three groups: high (> mean + 0.5 standard deviation, less efficient); medium (±0.5 standard deviation of the mean); and low (< mean - 0.5 standard deviation, more efficient) residual feed intake. No differences were observed at initial and final body weights, average daily gain and dry matter intake among groups. Animals with low residual feed intake also had greater feed efficiency, feed conversion and partial efficiency of growth and did not differ from the other animals regarding to relative growth rate and Kleiber ratio. Residual feed intake was significantly correlated to feed efficiency (-0.25), feed conversion (0.25), partial efficiency of growth (-0.37) and dry matter intake (0.16) but it did not present significant correlation with body weight (0.04), average daily gain (-0.02), relative growth rate (-0.03) and Kleiber ratio (-0.05). Significant correlations were found between feed conversion and initial body weight (0.34) and average daily gain (-0.46). Partial efficiency of growth presented significant correlation with all other efficiency parameters analyzed. Residual feed intake has high potential in productive efficiency, when compared to the other energy efficiency measurements, being independent of growth and size of the animals.

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EFFECTS OF SLAUGHTER’ AGE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS AND NON-CARCASS COMPONENTS TRAITS OF BERBER BREED LAMBS

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v52i6.1481 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 1401-1407

Author(s):

S. Atroun ◽

C. Aissaoui ◽

S. Smeti ◽

N. Atti

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Carcass Yield ◽

Body Weights ◽

Slaughter Age ◽

Daily Gain

The objective of this work was to study the lamb’s growth, the carcass yield and composition and the importance of main organs of Berber lambs slaughtered at 4 or 6 months. The study concerned 40 lambs reared under motherhood. Lambs of the first group were slaughtered at the age of 4 months (4M) and the second at 6 months (6M). Slaughter body weights (BW), hot and cold carcass weights and organs were recorded. The carcass was cut out and dissected. The average BW at birth was 4.14 + 0.506 kg while the BW at slaughter was 22.86 kg + 3.40 and 31.51 + 3.50 kg for 4M and 6M groups, respectively. The average daily gain were 172 and 164g for 4M and 6M groups, respectively. Therefore, during 2months the lambs of 6M group gained 8.67 kg in BW. The carcasses were heavier for 6M than 4M. The carcass commercial yields were 42% and 45% for 4M and 6M groups, respectively, resulting in 4.1 kg gain of meat during 2 months. The tissular (muscle, fat and bone) and the regional (leg, shoulder …) carcass composition did not differ among groups. All organs were heavier for 6M than 4M; however, their proportion in the empty body weight were variables. The BWand carcass gain at six months are encouraging to prolong the lamb’s slaughter age without carcass composition difference given the similar fat proportion in the carcass of both groups.

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The use of phytobiotics in growth stimulation of weaned pigs

Veterinarski glasnik ◽

10.2298/vetgl1502063r ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 69 (1-2) ◽

pp. 63-74

Author(s):

Stamen Radulovic ◽

Radmila Markovic ◽

Dobrila Jakic-Dimic ◽

Dragan Sefer

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Growth Stimulation ◽

Animal Nutrition ◽

Control Group ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Stimulation Of

Phytogene feed additives (phytobiotics) are plant origin compounds used in animal nutrition in order to improve their productivity by improving the production performance of animals, feed properties and the quality of food of animal origin. These additives stimulate animal growth by using their natural and physiological potentials and mechanisms providing conditions for the realization of the genetically projected production volumes. Data on the use of phytobiotics as growth stimulators are incomplete and often very contradictory, especially those related to their impact on the health and performance of weaned pigs. Given the relevance and importance of these issues the feeding trial was organized by the group-control system. The experiment lasted for 40 days and it was divided into two phases of 20 days each. Trial was conducted on 24 piglets, F1 generation of Swedish Landrace and Pietrain, weaned from sows at the age of 35 days. Tests were carried out on piglets, with an average body weight of 8.61?1.59 kg, which were subjected to one of the two feeding treatments immediately after weaning. The control group was fed with a mixture without growth promoters, while the experimental group received a diet containing preparation of phytobiotic (Enviva EO 101, Danisco Animal Nutrition) in the amount recommended by the manufacturer (0.1 kg/t). The mixtures for piglets nutrition were formulated in accordance with the recommendations of the NRC (1998), and AEC (1993) and they met the nutritional requirements completely. During the experiment, there was no disturbance of health and/or the manifestation of clinical signs of disease. The control group, fed with the diet without added growth stimulators, achieved body weight (25.32?6.31 kg), average daily gain (0.42?0.12 kg), consumption (0.89 kg) and feed conversion (2.119 ) normal for a given race, age and housing conditions. The use of preparation of phytobiotics as growth promoters, led to better production results in regard to the control group, which was based on higher body weight (27.19?4.77 kg), higher average daily gain (0.46?0.09 kg) and better feed conversion (2.043). The use of phytobiotic, as an alternative option in growth stimulation of weaned pigs, has its nutritive, medical and economic justification.

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Pengaruh Suplementasi Ampas Tahu, Ampas Tempe dan Ampas Kecap dalam Ransum Terhadap Performan Domba Lokal Jantan

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.5.1.1-9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Eka Handayanta

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Soy Sauce ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Daily Gain

The aim of this research to determine the effect of supplementation of tofu. tempe, and soy sauce waste in ration on male local sheep performance. This research was carried out during three month, take place on July until October 200E in Minifarm Dept. of Animal Science, Agriculture Faculty of Sebelas Maret University, located in Jatikuwung. Gondangrejo, Karanganyar. It used 12 male local sheeps with average body weight of 15.86 ±0.93 kg, divided into four treatments and three replications, each replication consist of one sheep. The ration consisted of king grass only as basal diet, as many as four percent base on body weight. The treatment given is in the form of feed supplement, that namely without supplement (RO), 250 gram tofu waste (R1), 250 gram tempe waste (R2), and 250 gram soy sauce waste (R3). The data variables collected were feed consumption, dry and organic matter digestibility, crude protein consumption, energy consumption, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio. All of data except average daily gain was analyzed by completely randomized design one way classification. While average daily gain was analyzed by covariance analyze. The result were significant followed by Duncan new multiple range test. The result showed that average of R0, RI, R2 and R3 for feed consumption 430.52; 720.44; 704.44; 549.08 gram/day, dry matter digestibility (%) 61,07; 72,46; 69,68: 63,60, organic matter digestibility (%) 64,41: 74,94; 72.41; 64,7 1, crude protein consumption 47.66; 106.77; 85.83; 73.70 gram/day, energy consumption 281.82; 482.65; 432.67; 330.83 gram/day, average daily gain 50.00.1X00: 116.19; 38.10 gram/day and feed conversion ratio 8.74; 5.61; 6.06; 15.2. The result of variance analyze showed that feed supplementation have highly significant effect (P<0.01) on all of the data variable colected. Conclusion of this research was supplementation of tofu waste and tempe waste could improved performance, while soy sauce waste could not improved the performance of male local sheep. Key words : sheep, tofu waste, tempe waste, soy sauce waste, performance

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Productive performance of Nellore steers on rotational grazing on Marandu grass and Convert HD 364 grass

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n4p1627 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 1627

Author(s):

André Felipe Borges Krinchev ◽

Valter Harry Bumbieris Junior ◽

José Renato Silva Gonçalves ◽

Laísse Garcia Lima ◽

Ana Maria Bridi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Leaf Blade ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Rotational Grazing ◽

Grazing System ◽

Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽

Fat Thickness ◽

Daily Gain

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Brachiaria spp. Cv. Mulato II (Convert) on performance, meat quality and carcass characteristics of castrated Nellore steers in the growing and finishing phases, in rotational grazing system, compared to Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, under the same conditions. The experimental area was divided into two treatments: Marandu and Convert with 20 hectares each, splited in four replications per treatment, composed of five paddocks of one hectare each. Animals were managed based on the availability of leaf blade dry matter (6.19% body weight) in rotational grazing with 7 days of occupation and 28 days of rest. Ten animals were used in each replicate (testers), as well as regulatory animals whenever necessary. Animals were managed based on the availability of leaf blade dry matter (6.19% body weight) in rotational grazing with 7 days of occupation and 28 days of rest. Ten animals were used in each replicate (testers), as well as regulatory animals whenever necessary. For performance analysis, 10 animals of each replicate were used, while for carcass and meat analyses, only six of each replicate. Production and chemial characteristics of the two grasses were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments and four replicates; data were tested by analysis of variance using the R software. Animals fed on Convert grass were superior than those fed on Marandu grass, with higher average daily gain (0.682 kg vs. 0.605 kg), slaughter weight (470.45 kg vs. 451.43 kg), hot carcass weight (239.93 kg vs. 232.36 kg). The study also showed the possibility of finishing castrated young steers (up to 30 months) and with subcutaneous fat thickness required by industry (3 mm) in both pastures.

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Metabolizable energy levels in diets with high lysine for growing and finishing pigs

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n1p365 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 365 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Soraia Viana Ferreira ◽

Lívia Maria dos Reis Barbosa ◽

Camila Schultz Marcolla ◽

Marcos Henrique Soares ◽

Dante Teixeira Valente Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Water Losses ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽

Daily Gain

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of metabolizable energy (ME) levels in diets with high digestible lysine concentration on performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of barrows from 95 to 158 days of age. Eighty commercial hybrid barrows (50 ± 1.82 kg) selected for lean meat deposition, were assigned to four dietary treatments (3,150, 3,235, 3,320, and 3,400 kcal EM kg-1) in a randomized design with 10 replicate pens per treatment and two pigs per pen. From 95 to 116 days of age, we observed no effects of ME on final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), metabolizable energy intake (MEI), and feed conversion (F: G). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased linearly with increasing ME levels (? = 5.79961 - 0.00096790X - r2 = 0.89). From 95 to 137 days of age, no effects of ME were observed on final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), metabolizable energy intake (MEI), and feed conversion (F: G). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased linearly with increasing ME (?= 6.1176 - 0.001X - r2= 0.97). From 95 to 158 days, of age no effects of ME were observed on FBW and ADG. Dietary ME influenced the ADFI and F: G, which decreased linearly with increasing ME concentrations (?= 8.12951 - 0.00149X - r2= 0.99; ?= 6.0914 - 0.001X - r² = 0.75, respectively). There was a linear increase in loin eye area (LEA) with increasing ME (? = - 29.851 + 0.0207 X - r² = 0.87). Backfat thickness, pH, and temperature, measured at different times after slaughter (0 min, 45 min, 3 h, and 24 h), were not affected by dietary ME. The level of ME also did not affect the meat quality parameters Color L*, Color a*, Color b*, Warner-Bratzler shear force, thaw water losses, cooking water losses, sum of water losses, intramuscular fat content, and TBARS. Diets with 3,400 kcal kg-1 ME, corresponding to 2.75, 2.57, and 2.31 g digestible lysine/Mcal of ME for pigs from 95 to 116, 116 to 137, and 95 to 158 days of age, respectively, resulted in best performance and carcass traits, without negative effects on meat quality.

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DIETARY CALCIUM-PHOSPHORUS LEVELS FOR GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION IN GILTS AND SOWS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas83-053 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 443-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. R. GRANDHI ◽

J. H. STRAIN

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

National Research Council ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Calcium Phosphorus ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Phosphorus Levels ◽

Growth And Reproduction

The effect of feeding barley-wheat-soya finisher, gestation and lactation diets containing (A) 1979 National Research Council (NRC) recommended calcium-phosphorus (Ca-P) levels or (B) 150% of NRC levels from 65 kg body weight (Bwt) on growth and reproduction was studied in two experiments using Lacombe (L) and Yorkshire (Y) gilts. The number of gilts used were 299 (148 L + 151 Y) and 107 (53 Y + 54 Y) in exp. 1 and 216 (106 L + 110 Y) and 101 (49 L + 52 Y) in exp. 2 during finishing and gestation-lactation periods, respectively. The reproductive performance during second parity was measured only in exp. 2 using 85 (36 L + 49 Y) primiparous sows. All pigs were housed in confinement except during breeding and gestation, when they were housed in outside dirt-lot pens. Average daily gain, feed intake, and feed conversion were similar for gilts fed finisher diets A or B in both experiments. In exp. 1, both L and Y gilts fed gestation diet B had more (P < 0.05) total (9.5 ± 0.3 vs. 8.6 ± 0.3) and live pigs (9.2 ± 0.3 vs. 8.2 ± 0.3) born and weaned (7.7 ± 0.3 vs 6.9 ± 0.2) with lower piglet weight gains at 3 wk (3.5 ± 0.1 vs. 3.9 ± 0.1 kg) and 5 wk (6.9 ± 0.2 vs. 7.5 ± 0.2 kg) when compared to gestation diet A group. These differences were not significant in exp. 2. Higher dietary Ca-P levels elevated the serum P during both gestation (7.3 ± 0.1 vs. 7.0 ± 0.1 mg/dL) and lactation (6.2 ± 0.1 vs. 5.9 ± 0.1 mg/dL) periods in exp. 1 but not in exp. 2. The changes in body weight during gestation and lactation, piglet birth weights, and weaning to estrus interval were similar for both treatment groups. These results indicated that the 1979 NRC recommended dietary Ca-P levels may be adequate to support the maximum growth and reproduction in gilts during finishing and lactation but are too low for gestation. Key words: Calcium, phosphorus, gilts, sows, growth, reproduction

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Effect of feeding high yielding fodders on growth performance of growing Hilly Brown Bengal goat

Bangladesh Journal of Livestock Research ◽

10.3329/bjlr.v27i1.55171 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 73-81

Author(s):

MM Rahman ◽

NR Sarker ◽

MA Alam

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Natural Grass ◽

Daily Gain

This study was carried out to evaluate the feeding effect of high yielding fodders (HYF) on feed intake and growth performance of growing Hilly Brown Bengal (HBB) goat. For this purpose, a feeding trail was conducted with 16 growing HBB kids (4 to 5 months) by dividing equally in four groups having four replicates for a period of 75 days. The goats in group T0 (control) received natural grass along with 101.30g concentrates and adlibitum cowpea hay, whereas in group T1, T2 and T3, only natural grass was replaced by BLRI Napier 3, BLRI Napier 4 and Ruzi fodder, respectively. Total dry matter intake (DMI), roughages DMI, crude protein intake (CP), body weight gain (kg), average daily gain (g) and forth night body weight gain (g/day) were studied. Results revealed that, DMI (288.39, 285.71, 293.48 and 301.35 g/day in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively), body weight gain (3.60, 3.74, 3.73 and 3.77 kg in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively), average daily gain (47.32, 49.16, 49.12 and 48.92 g in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively) and feed conversion ratio (6.2, 5.9, 6.0 and 6.1 in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively) of HBB kids were not differed significantly (P>0.05) for all the treatment groups. The DMI from roughages (196.2, 193.5, 201.3 and 209.2 g/day in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively) and CP intake (38.7, 42.1, 48.3 and 38.8 g/day in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively) were significantly varied (P<0.05), while highest CP intake was found in the treatment group T2. Forthnight body weight (g/day) was not significantly (P>0.05) gained with feeding of HYF for all the treatment groups. From this study, it can be concluded that, growing HBB kids could equally be supplied with either BLRI Napier 3 or BLRI Napier 4 or Ruzi fodder in addition to ad libitum cowpea hay for better voluntary feed intake and growth. Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 27 (1&2), 2020: P. 73-81

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