Machine effects on accuracy of ultrasonic prediction of backfat and ribeye area in beef bulls, steers and heifers

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Charagu ◽  
D. H. Crews Jr. ◽  
R. A. Kemp ◽  
P. B. Mwansa
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Ribeye Area ◽  
Beef Bulls ◽  
The Difference

Pre-slaughter ultrasound and carcass measurements of ribeye area (REA) and backfat (FAT) were recorded on composite beef bulls (n = 60), heifers (n = 60) and steers (n = 60). Breed composition of the composite was: 0.44 British (Hereford, Angus and Shorthorn) 0.25 Charolais, 0.25 Simmental and 0.06 Limousin. The Aloka SSD-1100 (AL) and the Tokyo Keiki CS 3000 (TK) ultrasound machines were compared by evaluating the difference between ultrasound and carcass measurements (bias), and the standard error of prediction (SEP). AL under-predicted REA in all three sexes while TK overpredicted heifers and steers and underpredicted bulls. Both machines were similar in accuracy among bulls for REA. For FAT AL underpredicted all three sexes while TK underpredicted heifers and had very small bias for bulls and steers. SEP for FAT were similar for both machines. Both machines underpredicted REA in larger muscled cattle and overpredicted in smaller-muscled cattle. Both machines also underpredicted FAT in fatter animals and overpredicted FAT in leaner animals. Machines were similar in accuracy among cattle with larger REA but differed significantly (P < 0.05) among smaller-muscled cattle. Machines were comparable in accuracy among animals of all FAT sizes. This study demonstrates that there is an important relationship between machine and the size and depth of muscle and backfat, respectively, and consequently between machine and sex, in accuracy of ultrasound prediction. Key words: Beef cattle, ultrasound, accuracy, back fat, ribeye area

Genetic trends for weaning weight during development of a multibreed population of beef cattle in two contrasting environments

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-193
Author(s):  
J. J. Tosh ◽  
R. A. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Genetic Component ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Common Base ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Selection Differentials ◽  
Genetic Trends

Genetic trends for weaning weight were determined in two herds of multibreed beef cattle that originated from a common base and were subject to mutual breeding policies in separate environments. The herds diverged for the direct though not the maternal genetic component of weaning weight within the 13-yr period examined; in the final year, the difference (P < 0.001) between the herds was almost 3 kg. This could have been partly due to unequal selection differentials and generation intervals. Results suggested the extent of natural selection also differed between the two environments. Key words: Beef cattle, crossbreeding, genetic trends, selection, weaning weight

Heritability and correlation estimates of Warner-Bratzler shear force and carcass traits from Angus-, Charolais-, Hereford-, and Simmental-sired cattle

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Minick ◽  
M. E. Dikeman ◽  
E. J. Pollak ◽  
D. E. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Ribeye Area

Heritabilities and correlations of Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), marbling score (MS), hot carcass weight (HCW),12–13th rib-fat (FAT), and ribeye area (REA) were calculated from 3360 Angus-, Charolais-, Hereford-, and Simmental-sired cattle in the C attleman’s Beef Board Carcass Merit Project. The heritabilities (± SE) for WBSF, MS, HCW, FAT, and REA were 0.34 ± 0.25, 0.43 ± 0.28, 0.73 ± 0.35, 0.16 ± 0.19, and 0.56 ± 0.31 in Angus; 0.43 ± 0.22, 0.30 ± 0.18, 0.21 ± 0.16, 0.35 ± 0.20, and 0.23 ± 0.16 in Charolais; 0.12 ± 0.11, 0.55 ± 0.22, 0.20 ± 0.14, 0.25 ± 0.15 and 0.34 ± 0.17 in Hereford; and 0.16 ± 0.14, 0.44 ± 0.20, 0.45 ± 0.20, 0.23 ± 0.16, and 0.30 ± 0.18 in Simmental. The genetic correlations, averaged across analysis type, for WBSF-MS, WBSF-HCW, WBSF-FAT, WBSF-REA, MS-HCW, MS-FAT, MS-REA, HCW-FAT, HCW-REA, and FAT-REA were -0.17, 0.32, -0.23, 0.30, 0.10, -0.17, 0.39, -0.15, 0.68, and -0.86 in Angus; -0.42, 0.77, 0.52, -0.05, -0.44, -0.22, -0.19, 0.66, -0.05, and -0.24 in Charolais; -0.43, -0.04, -0.33, 0.09, 0.08, 0.79, -0.14, -0.26, 0.50, and -0.38 in Hereford; and 0.55, 0.08, 0.62, -0.08, 0.30, 0.61, -0.14, 0.06, 0.65, and -0.48 in Simmental. Key words: Beef cattle, genetic parameters, carcass quality, tenderness

scholarly journals VARIATIONS IN AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND GROWTH PARAMETERS IN YEARLING BEEF BULLS IN SINGLE-SIRE MATING AT PASTURE

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
A. FARID ◽  
M. MAKARECHIAN ◽  
R. T. BERG ◽  
M. A. PRICE
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
Beef Bulls

Yearling bull fertility, measured as pregnancy rate, percentage of calves born during the first 4 and 6 wk of calving and mean and median of calving date distribution, were studied in 109 single-sire breeding herds of two breed groups over a 10-yr period. The breed groups were Herefords bulls mated to purebred and crossbred Hereford cows, and Beef Synthetic bulls mated to Beef Synthetic cows. The bulls averaged 14 mo old at the start of breeding. The average bull-to-cow ratio was approximately 1:22, and the breeding season started on 1 July each year and extended for 60 d. Two out of 109 bulls (1.8%) were subfertile (less than 50% pregnancy of the herd). The Beef Synthetic, which had crossbred foundation, had significantly higher fertility, calved earlier, had smaller phenotypic variance, and lower year-to-year fluctuation in the reproductive traits than the Hereford. Variations in reproductive performances of bulls of the same breed group used in the same year were much larger than those among different years, the former comprised over 75% of phenotypic variance of the traits in the two breed groups. Relationships between fertility of bulls and their weight and growth parameters were negligible, but bull fertility tended (P < 0.10) to improve with age. Bulls that were heavy at weaning, end of feedlot test and breeding settled their mates earlier during the breeding season. Key words: Beef cattle, yearling bull, fertility

Degree of connectedness among groups of centrally tested beef bulls

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Roso ◽  
F. S. Schenkel ◽  
S. P. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Prediction Error ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Harmonic Mean ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Average Prediction Error ◽  
Beef Bulls ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values

The degree of connectedness among test groups (TG) of bulls tested in central evaluation stations from 1988 to 2000 in Ontario, Canada, was evaluated using the following methods: average prediction error variance of the difference between estimated breeding values (PEVD), variance of estimated differences between test group effects (VED), connectedness rating (CR), and total number of direct genetic links between test groups (GLT). The model used in the analysis included the effects of breed and TG (fixed) and animal (random). PEVD was assumed the most adequate measure of connectedness and results from the alternative methods VED, CR, and GLT were compared against it. Models to predict the average PEVD of pairs of TG and the average PEVD of each TG with all other TG on the basis of VED, CR, and GLT were developed. Results from all measures of connectedness indicated an unfavorable trend in the degree of connectedness after 1994. The average PEVD of pairs of TG can be better predicted on the basis of the model that includes GLT. The average PEVD of each TG with all other TG can be better predicted on the basis of models that include either CR or GLT. Connectedness among TG of centrally tested beef bulls can be adequately assessed for specific pairs of TG or overall for each TG with all other TG using GLT. Key words: Accuracy, central test, genetic evaluation, harmonic mean

Reproductive efficiency of F1 and reciprocal backcross beef cows under contrasting environments

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Rahnefeld ◽  
R. M. McKay ◽  
G. M. Weiss ◽  
H. T. Fredeen ◽  
J. A. Newman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Mating Opportunities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reciprocal Backcross

A population of 860 F1 and reciprocal backcross females representing Hereford (H), Angus (A), Shorthorn (N), Charolais (C) and Simmental (S) breeding were evaluated for reproductive efficiency under two contrasting environments (Brandon, Manitoba and Manyberries, Alberta). The F1 included the HA, CN and SN and the reciprocal back-crosses were HCH, CCH, ACA, CCA, HSH, SSH, ASA, SSA, NSN, SSN, NCN and CCN. All females were bred to Limousin bulls. The data collected from 1980 to 1986 comprised 3108 mating opportunities and 2523 pregnancies. For dam crosses common to both locations (HA, SN and specific dam crosses involving S) differences in performance criteria occurred with females at Manyberries recording greater cow losses, higher conception and weaning rates, and more weight of calf weaned than at Brandon. Combining these performance elements gave the females at Manyberries an advantage for weight of calf weaned per mating opportunity (162 ± 3.2 vs. 152 ± 3.0 kg). Barren culls comprised the largest proportion of cow losses at both locations with HA and NSN greatest and ASA lowest at Brandon, and SSH greatest and SN lowest at Manyberries, all significant at P ≤ 0.05. None of the differences for C cross females was significant (P > 0.05). Weaning rates per mating opportunity for dam crosses common to both locations indicated the ASA highest and the SSH lowest at both locations, the difference being 22.9% at Brandon and 13.2% at Manyberries. For the HA, CN and C backcross comparisons, the highest weaning rate per mating opportunity was recorded for the HA (73.3%) and the lowest for the CCA dam cross (62.4%). At both locations, the SN dams produced the most weight of calf weaned per mating opportunity with the lowest values recorded by the HA and NSN dam cross at Brandon and the HSH dam cross at Manyberries with the CN dam cross recording the highest values and the CCA and ACA the lowest. For all performance criteria calves out of F1 dams had an advantage over calves from backcross dams. Key words: Beef cattle, cow productivity, crossbreeding

Unlimited Freedom and illusion (On the basis of the plays “The Guardian” and “The Dwarfs” by H.Pinter)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Solmaz Həşim qızı Ələsgərova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
English Drama ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Guardian ◽  
Literary Trend

The English playwright Harold Pinter's plays "The Guardian" and "The Dwarfs" chosen from his drama are addressed to. The "chaotic world" observed in the plot of the plays is analyzed and the conclusion that the heroes are born of conflict in their relationships is defended. The object of research is to take into account the difference between the consciousness and reality. Issues such as conflicts of mind, aimlessness, phobias, the virtual world, lack of communication, psychological disorders of the personality are examined. As in Pinter's works, you can see the features of realism, romanticism, modernism, postmodernism, symbolism, surrealism, absurdism in the drama of Elchin, Kamal Abdulla and Firuz Mustafa. It is important to compare the Azerbaijani and English drama, which does not fit into the framework of any literary trend and is relevant as it lags behind time, in terms of plot, motives and artistic features. Key words: dramaturgy, fears and phobias, fantasy, loneliness and aggression,“madness”

scholarly journals Thermographic Screening of Beef Cattle Metatarsal Growth Plate Lesions

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Giorgia Fabbri ◽  
Matteo Gianesella ◽  
Rossella Tessari ◽  
Andrea Bassini ◽  
Massimo Morgante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Beef Bulls ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

Lameness represents one of the main causes of decreased productive performance and impaired animal welfare in the bovine industry. Young beef bulls are predisposed to develop diseases of the growing skeleton, especially growth plate lesions. Early diagnosis is indispensable for ensuring correct treatment, fast recovery and reduction losses. However, when dealing with beef cattle, this is not always possible. Fast and reliable diagnostic imaging techniques are necessary to improve dealing with lameness in beef animals. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential of thermographic imaging as a non-invasive tool for rapidly screening beef bulls for the presence of growth plate lesions. Here, 20 Charolais and Limousine beef bulls affected by growth plate lesions in one of the rear limbs were selected. IRT was performed on both hind limbs using a digital infrared camera (ThermaCam T420 Model, Flir Systems, Boston, MA, USA), prior to radiographic imaging and clinical examination. The temperature of healthy and affected limbs was measured in two regions: the area correspondent to the growth plate (AR01) and the whole area of the metatarsus (AR02). Growth plate lesions were found to increase the maximum, mean, and minimum temperatures in AR01; and the mean and maximum temperatures in AR02, therefore, indicating the potential of IRT as a reliable, practical tool for screening growth plate lesions in beef bulls.

scholarly journals Pemotongan Sapi Betina Produktif di Rumah Potong Hewan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Nur Rasminati
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words

<div class="WordSection1"><p><em>The research was conducted to know the number of the productive female beef cattle slaughtering at abattoir in DIY. All of the beef cattle which slaughtered along a month were used in this research. The result showed that the number of productive beef cattle slaughtered  up to 2 years old were 28.98%; 2 – 5 years old were 69.55%; more than 5 years old were 1.44%. The female beef cattle slaughtered were 54.58% and the male beef cattle slaughtered were 32.36%. The non productive beef cattle slaughtered were 13.04% including 5.79% male and 7.24% female. The Peranakan Ongole (PO) breed slaughtered was 60.36% (125 heads), Brahman Cross 16.42% (34 heads), Simmental 15.94% (33 heads), Brangus 2.42% (5 heads), Limousine 4.35% (9 heads) and PFH 0.48% (1 heads). The percentage of productive beef cattle slaughtering were 86.95% with female beef productive were 64.25% and the PO breed at 2 – 5 years old were the most slaughtered. It could be concluded that the productive female beef cattle slaughtering at abattoir in DIY was quite high, which may influence the breed resources of beef cattle.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Key words : Productive beef cattle, slaughtering, abattoir, Yogyakarta</em></p></div><em><br clear="all" /> </em>

VALUE ADDED TAX IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (01) ◽  
pp. 186-189
Author(s):  
Nigar Yadulla Shahgaldiyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Manufactured Goods ◽  
The Difference

Value-added tax is an indirect tax based on the sale value of goods, production and non-manufactured goods as an object of taxation. According to the mechanism and procedures for the calculation and payment of value added tax, this tax is not directly imposed by a particular person, but applies to consumers in the process of return. In this case, the value added tax is neutral for securities. In addition, value added tax is universal and is characterized by the difference between purchases at each stage of production and turnover. In connection with the calculation of value added tax, the taxpayer's tax liability to the budget consists of the difference between the amount of tax assessed on taxable turnover and the amount of tax to be deducted in accordance with the documents. Key words: European Union, value Added Tax, tax, tax system

PERSEPSI PENGGUNA JASA PENERBANGAN TERHADAP PELAYANAN MASKAPAI PENERBANGAN GARUDA INDONESIA DI KOTA BANDA ACEH

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiya
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Good Assessment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Differentiation Test ◽  
Banda Aceh

To determined whether the service quality of aviation is good can be seen from the ability of the service in achieving the expectation of the customer. This study aims to identify the difference between the expected service and the reality perceived by the customer in relation to the service of Garuda Indonesia airlines in Banda Aceh City.            This study used 99 customers of Garuda Indonesia Airline as the sample which is drawn by applying purposive sampling technique. Data was gathered by using questionnaire and analysis by using statistic tool, average differentiation test (t-test).            The result of statistic test shows t value is greater than the value of t-table. Thus, Ha is accepted while Ho is rejected which means there is average differentiation between the expected service and the perceived service of Garuda Indonesia’s customer            Generally, the customer has relatively good assessment towards the quality of Garuda Indonesia airlines. However, they still hope for better service in order to remains the gap between the expectation and the perceived service. Therefore, it is demanded for the management of Garuda Airlines to improve their provided service quality. Key words: User percepcion, Airline Service and Garuda Indonesia Banda Aceh  

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