Ecoregion and farm size differences in dairy feed and manure nitrogen management: A survey

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sheppard ◽  
S. Bittman ◽  
M. Swift ◽  
M. Beaulieu ◽  
M. Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
The West ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Large Farms

Sheppard, S. C., Bittman, S., Swift, M. L., Beaulieu, M. and Sheppard, M. I. 2011. Ecoregion and farm size differences in dairy feed and manure nitrogen management: A survey. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 459–473. This paper describes the activity of dairy farmers in Canada in 2005 related to the use of nitrogen (N) and especially practices that led to loss of ammonia (NH3). The data were obtained from a large-scale, statistically structured survey conducted across Canada. The survey sampling was stratified into 10 Ecoregions and across farm size. Numbers of lactating cows per farm were nearly twofold more in the west than the east. In western Canada less than 31% of barns were “tie-stall” type whereas 80% were tie-stall in the St. Lawrence Lowlands. The numbers of hours lactating cows spent in barns, standing yards, exercise fields and pasture varied with Ecoregion and farm size, important data in relation to NH3 emissions. Pasturing was more common in the east than west. Matching feed crude protein concentrations to physiological needs seems a potential best management practice, and smaller farms with tie-stalls seemed more prone to adjusting feed to individual cows compared with large farms with loose housing. Manure handling was divided, with slurry prominent especially in the west. Manure spreading practices also varied by Ecoregion. Overall, it is clear that national averages do not well represent dairy farm management: Ecoregion and farm size differences are significant.

Best management practice turnip production: how to target a 14 tonne/ha crop on a central North Island dairy farm

2004 ◽  
pp. 203-206
Author(s):  
J.P.J. Eerens ◽  
P.M.S. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
The Impact

A best management protocol for growing a turnip crop was developed from published information and provided to dairy farmers intending to grow the crop. On the basis of information returned by farmers in the 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 growing seasons, the validity of the assumptions underlying the protocol were tested. Many of the returned forms were incomplete and could not be used in the analysis. Adherence to the protocol was variable as farmers interpreted the prescriptive protocol differently and applied components of the protocol as they saw fit on their property. Protocol directions for nitrogen application, soil phosphorus content and sowing rate were applied the most uniformly, providing little variation for testing the impact of these factors. Farmers who applied post-emergence herbicide and insecticide as prescribed achieved a higher (P

Measuring the cost of environmental compliance for Waikato dairy farmers - a survey approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
T.O.R. Macdonald ◽  
J.S. Rowarth ◽  
F.G. Scrimgeour
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Environmental Compliance ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Farm Systems ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Farm System ◽  
Survey Approach

The link between dairy farm systems and cost of environmental compliance is not always clear. A survey of Waikato dairy farmers was conducted to establish the real (non-modelled) cost of compliance with environmental regulation in the region. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered to improve understanding of compliance costs and implementation issues for a range of Waikato farm systems. The average oneoff capital cost of compliance determined through a survey approach was $1.02 per kg milksolids, $1490 per hectare and $403 per cow. Costs experienced by Waikato farmers have exceeded average economic farm surplus for the region in the past 5 years. As regulation increases there are efficiencies to be gained through implementing farm infrastructure and farm management practice to best match farm system intensity. Keywords: Dairy, compliance, farm systems, nitrogen, Waikato

scholarly journals The effect of the farm size on milk traits of cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 951-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kucevic ◽  
S. Trivunovic ◽  
M. Radinovic ◽  
M. Plavsic ◽  
Z. Skalicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Large Farms

Objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the dairy farm on milk traits of cows in Vojvodina. The research was carried out on small farms with 10 to 20 cows, medium farms with 20 to 50 cows, and large farms with over 50 dairy cows. The study included registered animals of Simmental (SM) and Holstein-Friesian breed (HF; including Red Holstein) in the first lactation for traits of milk yield and yield and content of milk fat. Total of 1323 first lactations were analyzed. The average milk yield (both breeds) in the first lactation of 305 days was 6295 kg of milk with 234,3 kg of milk fat and average milk fat content of 3,74%. Milk performance of cows varied significantly (CV=22,9% and SD=1447,8), as well as milk fat yield (CV=21,6% and SD=50,8). Large farms produced in average 6534 kg of milk, medium farms 6347kg and small farms 4717kg. Size of the farm exhibited significantly high effect on all observed traits, and the tendency was that farms with higher number of animals realize also higher average of production. Farm management and various breeding-zootechnical conditions present on farms had significant effect on milk performance of cows.

Adoption of Integrated Pest Management Tactics by Wisconsin Farmers

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 756-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa M. Hammond ◽  
Edward C. Luschei ◽  
Chris M. Boerboom ◽  
Pete J. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Large Farms

Agronomic research and extension personnel generally recognize the benefits of integrated pest management (IPM) but IPM practices have not been rapidly adopted by farmers. In order for applied research and extension programs to be as influential as possible, strategies and tactics must be evaluated in the context of the real-world constraints experienced by farmers. We investigated the linkage between farmers' pest management behaviors, attitudes, and constraints by analyzing an extensive corn pest management survey distributed throughout Wisconsin in 2002. Our objectives were to (1) create a benchmark against which future changes in pest management practices could be detected and (2) explore potential associations between practices and farm characteristics, e.g., farm size or commodity produced. A total of 213 farmers responded with descriptions of their operations; weed, insect, and disease pest management practices; crop consultant usage; interactions with their local agrichemical dealer; and attitudes regarding pest management decision-making. We compared the relative responses of cash-grain and dairy farmers as well as managers of large and small farms. Larger farm size and percentage of operation in cash-grain production were associated with an increased frequency of rotating crops, rotating herbicide families, and use of a broadcast herbicide application. Managers of large farms and/or cash-grain crops also more frequently indicated considering the level of pest control, price, carryover potential, weed resistance management, environmental safety, and risk to the applicator than did dairy or small-sized operations. Cash-grain farmers had significantly higher scores on a calculated IPM index than did dairy farmers (P < 0.0001). We also found a significant positive relationship between farm size and IPM score (P < 0.0001). Our results provide a benchmark for future comparisons of IPM adoption rates in Wisconsin and highlight the association between IPM research/extension and farmers' management behavior.

scholarly journals The Potential Analysis of Dairy Cattle Farm Development at Dairy Farmer Group in West Ungaran District, Semarang Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Iven Patu Sirappa ◽  
Sunarso Sunarso ◽  
Marthen P. Sirappa
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
The West ◽  
Cattle Farm ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Development Analysis

The objective of the study was to determine the potency of dairy cattle development, famers income, factors influencing the income of dairy farmers in the West Ungaran District. This study was conducted from February to April 2016. The determination of the sample villages was using purposive based Livestock Farmer Group (LFG) and the total population of dairy cattle. Further, respondents were determined by using census method for 47 people; those were 13 respondents of “Mardi Mulyo” LFG members, 7 respondents of “Sumber Hasil” LFG members, and 27 respondents of “Ngudi Makmur” LFG members. This study used regression, and SWOT analysis. The results of this study showed the multiple regression analysis showed that milk production significantly influences the income of dairy farmers. Farmers income in “Mardi Mulyo”, “Sumber Hasil” and “Ngudi Makmur” group in a row during one month arrived at IDR 703,292/had, IDR 2.157.250/had and IDR 1,649,395/had, respectively. In addition, SWOT analysis showed a total score of internal and external scores of 3.61 and 2.73. Based on the results of business development analysis of dairy cattle in West Ungaran District, it could be concluded that the dairy farm in category IV, stability strategy and coordinate points are in quadrant IV.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Factors Affecting Milk Quality and Safety among Large- and Small-Scale Dairy Farmers in Zimbabwe

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annah Shingirai Paraffin ◽  
Titus Jairus Zindove ◽  
Michael Chimonyo
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Large Farms ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

The study investigated the perceptions of milk producers on milk quality and safety. Randomly selected large-scale farmers (n=158) and small-scale farmers (n=186) were surveyed using semistructured questionnaires. An ordinal logistic regression was used to estimate the probability of farmers considering milk quality and safety important. Large-scale farmers were 3 times more likely to consider that breed affects milk quality compared to their small-scale counterparts. Farmers aged over 30 years were 3 times more likely to indicate that hygiene affected milk quality. The likelihood of milk transportation affecting its quality was 4 times higher in small-scale farmers compared to large-scale producers. Postmilking contamination of milk was perceived to occur during transportation by small-scale farmers, whilst commercial farmers ranked storage as the important source of contamination after milking. Udder diseases were ranked first by large-scale farmers while small-scale farmers ranked milking environment as the major cause of milk spoilage. The likelihood of milk safety being important was two times higher in large farms compared to small-scale farms. Intervention programmes on milk safety should mainly target small-scale dairy farmers since they are less concerned about milk quality and safety.

MONITORING AND CONTROL OF THE “ANIMAL” SUBSYSTEM IN THE COMPLEX BIOTECHNICAL SYSTEM “MAN-MACHINE-ANIMAL” OF A DAIRY FARM

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR V. KIRSANOV ◽  
◽  
DMITRIY YU. PAVKIN ◽  
FEDOR E. FEDOR E. VLADIMIROV ◽  
EVGENIY А. NIKITIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Mutual Adaptation ◽  
Biotechnical System ◽  
Complex Project ◽  
And Control

A modern dairy farm is a complex biotechnical “man-machine-animal” system, where purposeful human activity concentrates mainly on the control of the “machine” and “animal” subsystems, thus making the whole system ergatic. Increasing the interaction effi ciency of machine subsystems with biological objects (animals) requires an in-depth study of the properties and characteristics of the latter, their behavior, adaptive and refl ex mechanisms that ensure the mutual adaptation of machine and biological subsystems. The paper considers general functionality of the “animal” subsystem, which includes lists of monitored parameters (functions) in pre-weaning, pre-lactation and lactation periods. In a similar way, functionals of the subsystems of the general musculoskeletal development of the animal’s body, respiratory and digestive organs, comfort of the habitat, development and control of the reproductive organs of lactating cows were obtained accompanied with a list of controlled functions and parameters. To carry out a set of research activities in this fi eld, FSAC VIM is planning to carry out a complex project that will increase the levels of automation, digitalization and intellectualization of animal husbandry, provide for comfortable environment, optimal rediced-impact service modes for animals and their extended productive longevity, increased quality of milk and autonomous functioning of individual local biotechnical subsystems.

scholarly journals Colonial management as a social field: The Palestinian remaking of Israel’s system of spatial control

2021 ◽  
pp. 001139212110246
Author(s):  
Walid Habbas ◽  
Yael Berda
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
The West ◽  
Social Field ◽  
Spatial Control ◽  
Racial Hierarchy ◽  
Economic Elite ◽  
The Everyday

This article delves into the everyday dynamics of colonial rule to outline a novel way of understanding colonized–colonizer interactions. It conceives colonial management as a social field in which both the colonized and colonizers negotiate and exchange resources, despite their decidedly unequal positions within a racial hierarchy. Drawing their example from the West Bank, the authors argue that a Palestinian economic elite has proactively participated in the co-production of the colonial management of spatial mobility, a central component of Israeli colonial rule. The study employs interviews and document analysis to investigate how the nexus between Palestine’s commercial-logistical needs and Israel’s security complex induced large-scale Palestinian producers to exert agency and reorder commercial mobility. The authors describe and explain the evolution of a ‘Door-to-Door’ logistical arrangement, in which large-scale Palestinian traders participate in extending Israeli’s system of spatial control in exchange for facilitating logistical mobility. This horizontal social encounter that entails pay-offs is conditioned, but not fully determined, by vertical relations of domination and subordination.

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