Characterization of Canadian grade standards and lean yield prediction for cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rodas-González ◽  
M. Juárez ◽  
W. M. Robertson ◽  
I. L. Larsen ◽  
J. L. Aalhus
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Yield Prediction ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Separate Population

Rodas-González, A., Juárez, M., Robertson, W. M., Larsen, I. L. and Aalhus, J. L. 2013. Characterization of Canadian grade standards and lean yield prediction for cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 99–107. Commercial carcasses (n=120) were selected to benchmark the current Canadian grading system for cows (D1, D2, D3, D4;>50% ossification) in comparison to A/AA grades youthful carcasses [over (OTM) and under (UTM) 30 mo of age based on dentition but <50% ossification]. With the exception of the D3 and D4 grades, D1 and D2 carcass grades had similar carcass yield attributes compared with OTM and UTM carcasses; however, rib-eye area from UTM carcasses was the largest (P<0.05), followed by D1, D2 and OTM. As expected, both OTM and UTM grades had lower ossification scores (P<0.05); however, D4 grade showed the highest marbling score (P<0.05). For carcass composition, compared with all other grades, the D3 grade had the highest proportion of lean (P<0.05) due to a lower proportion of dissectible fat (P<0.05); however, it had the lightest carcass weight (P<0.05). Using simple measures of carcass characteristics (grade fat, rib-eye area, marbling and ossification) a prediction equation to estimate lean yield (R 2=0.825; Cp=4.31) could be used to more accurately assess carcass value in cows; however, validation of the equation on a separate population would be required before its application.

Carcass characteristics and tissue-mineral contents of steers fed supplemental chromium

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Chang ◽  
D. N. Mowat ◽  
G. A. Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Kidney Fat

This study investigated the effects of supplemental chromium (Cr) (0 or 0.2 mg kg−1 from high-Cr yeast) on performance, carcass characteristics and tissue-mineral contents of growing–finishing steers fed corn silage supplemented with either urea–corn or soybean meal during the growing period and a high-grain diet during the finishing period. Ninety-six Charolais-crossed steers, divided into four treatment groups with 24 animals each, were fed for a 70-d growing period followed by a 68-d finishing period. After continuous supplemental Cr, steers were commercially slaughtered and their carcass characteristics were evaluated. Tissue samples, including loin-eye lean and rib fat, liver and kidney, were analyzed for Cr and other minerals (P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Cu). Supplemental Cr had no effects (P > 0.05) on average daily gain (ADG), dry-matter intake, (DMI), feed efficiency (ADG/DMI), and carcass characteristics, including dressing percentage, loin-eye area, backfat thickness, marbling score, kidney fat and liver weight. Proportion of lean, fat and bone in rib sections was not affected (P > 0.05) by Cr supplementation. Supplemental Cr also did not affect (P > 0.05) total-tissue Cr and other mineral concentrations. However, supplemental Cr increased (P < 0.05) the Cu level of livers in steers fed urea–corn supplements during the growing period. This study showed that continuous supplementation of Cr (0.2 mg kg−1) to unstressed growing-finishing steers had no effect on carcass composition and several minerals in various tissues. Key words: Chromium, steer, carcass, tissue

Use of live ultrasound, weight and linear measurements to predict carcass composition of young beef bulls

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bergen ◽  
S. P. Miller ◽  
I. B. Mandell ◽  
W. M. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Yield Prediction ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Short Probe ◽  
Beef Bulls

Pre-slaughter ultrasound and whole side dissection data from 47 crossbred bulls were used to assess (1) the relative value of six previously published equations based on live animal measurements, (2) the value of alternative pre-slaughter measurements, and (3) the value of alternative ultrasound probes as predictors of whole side lean meat yield. Analysis of absolute bias-corrected residuals indicated that all six previously published equations predicted whole side lean meat yield with similar accuracy (P = 0.62), but analysis of absolute rank residuals indicated that an equation originally based on carcass measurements tended (P = 0.17) to rank bulls less precisely than five ultrasound-based equations. Breed composition, age, liveweight, hip width, heart girth, and round muscle depths did not contribute to new lean meat yield prediction equations (P > 0.10), but height, 12th/13th rib body wall, rump fat, and gluteus medius muscle depths and marbling score did (P < 0.10). However, examination of absolute residuals and absolute rank residuals indicated that accuracy (P = 0.55) and precision (P = 0.64) did not improve significantly compared to equations based only on height, rib fat and longissimus muscle size. Similarly, analysis of absolute residuals and absolute rank residuals indicated that fat and longissimus muscle depth measurements collected with a short probe predicted whole side lean meat yield as accurately and precisely as measurements collected with a long probe. Results indicated that (1) equations based on live measurements may provide more precise predictions of lean meat yield than equations derived from carcass measurements, (2) supplementing ultrasonic rib fat and longissimus muscle measurements with additional ultrasound measurements did not improve the accuracy or precision of lean meat yield prediction, and (3) lean meat yield of yearling bulls can be accurately predicted using fat and longissimus muscle depth measurements collected with a short probe. Key words: Ultrasound, beef bulls, carcass composition, prediction models

Carcass characteristics of heavyweight crossbred lambs. II.* Carcass composition and partitioning of fat

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Thompson ◽  
KD Atkins ◽  
AR Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Intermuscular Fat

Half-carcasses of 108 wether and ewe lambs from six genotypes, slaughtered at 34, 44 and 54 kg liveweight, were dissected into subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fat, muscle, bone and connective tissue. The six genotypes were the progeny of Dorset Horn and Border Leicester rams mated to Merino, Corriedale and Border Leicester x Merino first-cross ewes. As carcass weight increased, the proportion of subcutaneous and intermuscular fat increased (b > 1 ; P < 0.05) and the proportion of muscle and bone decreased (b < 1; P < 0.05). Lambs sired by Border Leicester rams had more subcutaneous fat (12.7%), more intermuscular fat (7.6%) and more bone (5.7%) than lambs sired by Dorset Horn rams at the same carcass weight (P< 0.05). Similarly, lambs sired by Dorset Horn rams had more muscle (7.2%) than lambs sired by Border Leicester rams at the same carcass weight (P < 0.05). Breed of dam had no effect on carcass composition. Wether lambs had a greater proportion of bone (5.7%) than ewe lambs at the same carcass weight (P < 0.05). The breed of sire effect and the lack of a breed of dam effect on carcass composition, in conjunction with estimated mature weights for the breeds, suggest possible differences between sire and dam breeds in the partitioning of fat between the carcass and non-carcass depots. ____________________ *Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 30: 1197 (1979).

PSVIII-21 Multi-strain probiotics improved carcass characteristics and meat quality in pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 426-426
Author(s):  
Ting-Yu Lee ◽  
San-Land Young ◽  
Chin-Sheng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Pork Quality ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Carcass Characteristic

Abstract Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Many studies have demonstrated that probiotics could enhance the growth performance of swine, but rare evidence on meat quality. Therefore, a combination of Lactobacillus and Bacillus strains, SYNLACTMLeanAd (SLA), on carcass characteristic, meat quality and cecal microbiota of pig was conducted. 60 LYD weaned pigs were randomly allotted to control (corn-SBM based diet, CT), antibiotic (basal diet with 200 ppm Amoxicillin, AB), and multi-strain probiotics (basal diet with SLA at 106 CFU/g feed, SLA). Pigs fed treatment diets from 7 to 130 Kg BW (24 wks) with 20 pigs/TRT, and individual pigs used as experimental unit for carcass evaluation. There were no differences on carcass weight and carcass yield. Lean percentage of CT, AB and SLA were 54.01, 51.54, and 54.75%, respectively (P &gt; 0.05) with subcutaneous fat 21.59, 21.21, 17.22%, and backfat 3.08, 3.21, 2.76 cm, individually (P &gt; 0.05). However, the longissimus muscles area was improved (62.77 vs. 68.42 vs. 91.59 cm2, P &lt; 0.05), loin weight increased (3.52 vs. 3.49 vs. 4.52 Kg, P &lt; 0.05) with greater marbling score (2.38 vs. 1.80 vs.2.78, P &lt; 0.05) in SLA. Sensory evaluation showed pigs fed SLA had higher juiciness score (3.55 vs. 3.18 vs. 3.91, P &lt; 0.05) with better overall acceptance. It is unclear pork quality was different between treatments; however, cecal microbiome gene sequencing suggested a potential linkage of gut microbiota modification and pork quality by AB or SLA feeding.

Evaluation of the growth performance and carcass characteristics of lambs produced in Quebec

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Hammell ◽  
J. P. Laforest
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
Maximum Test ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Sire Breed

Data for a total of approximately 1100 lambs tested in 12 trials from 1992 to 1995 in commercial lamb test stations in Quebec were used to determine the effect of sex, sire breed and genetic type on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Lambs were housed two to a pen and fed commercial diets. Maximum test length was 112 d. Lambs were slaughtered when their liveweight was approximately 47 ± 5 kg for the males and 43 ± 4 kg for the females. Feed intake and growth rate were measured during the test, and carcass measurements were taken at slaughter and at 24 h following slaughter. Feed intake was the average for the pen, while the growth and carcass measurements were taken individually. Males ate more per day, had better gain and were younger at slaughter than females. Females had more body fat and better carcass conformation scores than males. However, males did not have a greater loin muscle thickness compared to females. Lambs sired by Hampshire or Suffolk rams had superior growth performance and leaner carcasses than lambs sired by Dorset rams. However, Hampshire and Suffolk-sired lambs did not have a greater loin muscle thickness compared to Dorset-sired lambs. Analysis of different genetic types did not demonstrate a pronounced effect on lamb performance. No specific genetic composition was clearly superior to the others for the various variables studied. Genetic quality within a breed of sheep bought or kept for reproduction is as important as the choice of breed or the combination of breeds. Key words: Lamb, growth performance, carcass composition

scholarly journals Effects of Low-Stress Weaning on Calf Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gubbels ◽  
R. R. Salverson ◽  
K. M. Cammack ◽  
J. K. Grubbs ◽  
K. R. Underwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Haptoglobin Concentration ◽  
Wire Fence ◽  
Α Level

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to compare the influence of two low stress weaning methods with conventional weaning on post-weaning performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers.Materials and MethodsAngus × Simmental crossbred steer calves (n = 90) from a single source were stratified by body weight and dam age into three groups; one treatment was randomly assigned to each group: ABRUPT (calves isolated from dams on the day of weaning), FENCE (calves separated from dams via a barbed wire fence for 7 d prior to completely weaning), and NOSE (nose-flap inserted and calves remained with dams for 7 d prior to completely weaning). At d +7 post-weaning calves were transported to a commercial feedlot where they received standard step-up and finishing rations typical for a Northern Plains feedlot. To understand the influence of each weaning method on haptoglobin (an acute-phase protein), blood samples were collected via coccygeal venipuncture at d –7 (PreTreat), 0 (Weaning), and +7 (PostWean) from a subsample of calves (n = 10 per treatment) and analyzed using a bovine haptoglobin ELISA kit. Body weights (BW) were recorded on study d –34 (PreWean), –7 (PreTreat), 0 (Weaning), 7 (PostWean), 32 (Receiving), 175 (Ultrasound), and 253 (Final) and average daily gains (ADG) were calculated between each time period. On d 175 post-weaning BW were recorded, and ultrasound fat thickness and intramuscular fat were determined and utilized to project marketing dates. Carcass measurements were recorded at the time of harvest and included hot carcass weight, 12th rib backfat, ribeye area, USDA Yield Grade and Quality Grade, and marbling score. Haptoglobin, BW, and ADG data were analyzed as repeated measures using the ante-dependence covariance structure in the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC) for effects of weaning treatment, day, and their interaction; birth weight was included as a covariate for ADG and BW. Carcass traits were analyzed for the effect of weaning treatment using the MIXED procedure. Separation of least-squares means was performed using LSD with a Tukey’s adjustment and assuming an α level of 0.05.ResultsWeaning method interacted (P < 0.0001) with time period for ADG and BW. Calf BW increased in all treatments until the PostWean period, wherein BW decreased (P < 0.0001) in ABRUPT and NOSE and was maintained (P > 0.05) in FENCE. From the Receiving to Final time periods BW increased similarly (P > 0.05) for all treatments. Calf ADG was greater (P < 0.01) in calves in the NOSE treatment at Weaning than ABRUPT or FENCE. In the PostWean period, the FENCE calves had ADG that was not different (P > 0.05) than zero but was greater (P < 0.0001) than the negative ADG of ABRUPT and NOSE calves. During the Receiving period ADG was greater (P < 0.05) for ABRUPT compared to NOSE and FENCE. Time influenced (P < 0.001) haptoglobin concentration. No difference in haptoglobin was observed between the PreTreat and Weaning or PostWean periods; however, haptoglobin concentration was greater (P < 0.001) at PostWean compared to Weaning. Weaning method did not influence (P > 0.05) carcass measurements.ConclusionCollectively these data suggest low stress weaning methods do not significantly improve post-weaning growth performance or carcass merit compared to calves weaned using conventional methods.

scholarly journals Karakteristik dan Potongan Komersial Karkas Domba Muda Umur lima Bulan Dengan Ransum Komplit yang disuplementasi Minyak bunga matahari

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Lilis Khotijah ◽  
Tuti Suryati ◽  
M Fandi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Sunflower Seed Oil ◽  
Meat Science

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of graded levels of sunflower seed oil (SSO) supplementation on lamb five-month-old carcass characteristics and commercial cuts.   Used 18 local male lambs, weaned, aged about 2 months, weight (10.21 ± 2.29 kg).  Experimental design used group random design. Each group of sheep get a complete ration with a different level of sunflower seed oil (SSO), namely (P0) = 0% SSO (control); (P1) = 4% SSO; (P2) = 6% SSO.  After animal five old age or 90 days feeding, randomly selected tree animals from each group were slaughtered The measured parameters include, weight slaughter, carcasses composition (meats, bones, fats), and commercial cuts of  carcasses (leg, loin, shoulder, breast, neck, shank, flank, rack).  The observation showed that the parameters are not affected by the treatment.    It can be concluded that the addition of 6% sunflower oil in a complete ration keeping the characteristics and commercial cut of local lamb. Key words:   slaughter weight, carcass composition, lamb, sunflower seed oil DAFTAR PUSTAKA [AUS-MEAT]. 2005. Sheep Meat.   ISBN 0 9578793 69.  https://www.ausmeat.com.au/media/1275/9-sheepmeat.pdf. Diunduh 15 Juni 2019. [BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional Indonesia. 2008. Mutu Karkas dan Daging Kambing/Domba. Standar Nasional Indonesia. 3925. Jakarta (ID): Badan Standardisasi Nasional Indonesia [NRC] National Research Council. 2007. Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. Washington DC (US): The National Academies Pr. Ensminger M E. 2002. Sheep and Goat Science. Illinois (US): Interstate Publisher. Francisco A, Dentinho MT, Alves SPP, Portugal V,  Fernandes F, Sengo S, Jerónimo E, Oliveira MA, Costa P, Sequeira A, Bessa RJB, Santos-Silva J.  2015.  Growth performance, carcass and meat quality of lambs supplemented with increasing levels of a tanniferous bush (Cistus ladanifer L.) and vegetable oils.  Meat Science. 100, p. 272-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.10.014 Gatenby RM, Doloksaribu M, Bradford GE, Romjaii GE, Batubara L, Mirza I. 1995. Reproductive performance of sumatera and hair sheep crossbred ewes. SR-CRSP Annual Report 1994 - 1995, Sungai Putih, Sumatera Utara. González L, Moreno T, Bispo E, Dugan MER, Franco D. 2014. Effect of supplementing different oils: Linseed, sunflower and soybean, on animal performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and fatty acid profile of veal from “Rubia Gallega” calves.  Meat Science. 96 (2): Part A. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.09.027 Hendri. 1986. Studi perbandingan distribusi perdagingan kambing kacang dan domba priangan pada dua tingkat umur. Karya Ilmiah. Fakultas Peternakan. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Herman R. 1993. Perbandingan pertumbuhan komposisi tubuh dan karkas antara domba Priangan dan Ekor Gemuk. [disertasi]. Fakultas Pasca sarjana. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. Lambuth TR, Kemp JD, Glimp HA.  1970. Effect of rate of gain a slaughter weight on lamb carcass composition. Journal of  Animal Science. 30: 27-35. Marinova P, Banskalieva, VS Alexandrov, Tzvetkova S, Stanchev V. 2001.  Carcass Composition and meat qulity of kids fed sunflower oil supplemented diet.  Small Rumminant Resources. 42 (3): 217-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(01)00245-0. Mir PS, McAllister TA, Zaman S, Morgan Jones, SD, He ML, Aalhus JL, Jeremiah LE, Goonewardene LA, Weselake RJ and Mir Z. 2003. Effect of dietary sunflower oil and vitamin E on beef cattle performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality. Canada Journal of  Animal Science. 83: 53–66 Morgado E, Ezequiel JMB, Galzerano L,  Sobrinho S. 2013. Performance and carcass characteristics of lambs fed with carbohydrate sources associated to sunflower oil. Bioscience Journal. 29 (3): 712-720  Purbowati E, Sutrisno CI, Baliarti E,  Budhi SPS,  Lestariana W. 2006. Karakteristik fisik otot longissimus dorsi dan biceps femoris domba lokal jantan yang dipelihara di pedesaan pada bobot potong yang berbeda. Jurnal Protein. 13(2):147-153 Rasmani. 2010. Komposisi fisik dan potongan komersial karkas domba lokal jantan pada tingkat kecepatan pertumbuhan yang berbeda dengan pemeliharaan secara intensif. Bogor (ID): IPB. Rousset-Akrim S, Young OA,  Berdague JL. 1997. Diet and growth effects in   panel assessment of sheepmeat odour and flavour. Meat Science. 45:169-181. Supriyati. 2012. Pertumbuhan kambing Peranakan Etawah prasapih yang diberi susu pengganti. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner. 17(2): 142-151. Rahayu, S, Astuti DA, Satoto KB, Priyanto R,  Khotijah L , Suryati  T,  Baihaqi M  2011. Produksi domba balibu UP3 Jonggol melalui  strategi perbaikan pakan berbasis Indigofera sp. dan limbah tauge.  Laporan Penelitian Unggulan Fakultas. IPB, Dirjendikti Kementrian Pendidikan Nasional. Radunz, AE, Wickersham LA, Loerch SC, Fluharty FL, Reynolds CK, and Zerby HN. 2009. Effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on fatty acid composition in muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue of lambs. Journal of Animal Science. 87: 4082-4091. Wiryawan KG, Astuti DA, Priyanto R, Suharti S. 2009. Optimalisasi pemanfaatan rumput dan legum pohon terhadap performa, produksi, dan kualitas daging domba jonggol. Laporan Penelitian.  Bogor (ID): Fakultas Peternakan IPB

Effect of encapsulated conjugated linoleic acid isomers on carcass composition of beef steers

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 237-237
Author(s):  
R.I. Richardson ◽  
A.J. Fisher ◽  
J.D. Wood ◽  
K.J. Shingfield
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Cla Isomers ◽  
Fat Synthesis

Dietary supplements of a mixture of CLA isomers have been shown to reduce body fat accretion in mice and pigs with the trans-10, cis-12 isomer probably being responsible for the anti-lipogenic effects. The efficacy of calcium salts of a mixture of CLA methyl esters containing trans-10, cis-12, on milk fat synthesis, is relatively low (Bernal-Santos et al., 2003) and reported lack of effects on growth may be due to low efficacy and the short duration of CLA supplementation, during the last 32 or 60 days before slaughter, and the relatively low level of trans-10, cis-12 CLA fed. Shingfield et al (2004) demonstrated the potential of rumen protected supplements of a mixture of CLA isomers to reduce milk fat content and improve the energy status of dairy cows during early lactation. The current experiment used a lipid-encapsulated supplement containing equal amounts of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA methyl esters to study the effects on the performance and carcass characteristics of Limousin steers during a 100d finishing period.

scholarly journals Effect of age at slaughter on carcass characteristics and carcass composition in lambs of mountain Greek breeds

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Skapetas ◽  
E. Sinapis ◽  
J. Hatziminaouglou ◽  
A. Karalazos ◽  
J. Katanos
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Effect Of Age

Forty male lambs of the mountain Greek breed were used to evaluate the effect of age at slaughter on carcass characteristics and composition. The slaughter of lambs was carried out at the age of 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days. The slaughter procedure, carcass dissection and carcass composition were realized according to the standard method of CIHEAM-AGRIMED programme. The results of this work showed that the lambs of different age groups did not differ in dressing percentage significantly. The proportion of muscles showed a tendency of increase with the increasing slaughter age but the differences were not significant. The proportion of total fat in carcass increased with the increasing slaughter age from 20.84 to 23.59% for the age group of 30 and 90 days, respectively (P &lt; 0.05). On the contrary, as the age at slaughter increased, the proportion of bones decreased (P &lt; 0.05). Subcutaneous, intermuscular, perinephric and pelvic fats increased with the slaughter age, but only the subcutaneous fat was influenced significantly (P &lt; 0.05). Among the different commercial cuts proportions of long leg, first 5 ribs and shoulder decreased, while those of last 8 ribs-loin and breast-flank increased (P &lt; 0.05). The overall results suggest that the slaughter age of lambs of the mountain Greek breed should be increased from the present ~45 days to more advanced age of 75 or 90 days in order to improve the farmers&rsquo; profits without serious negative effects on the quality of carcasses or meat of lambs. &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals Effect of metabolizable protein intake on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and feeding behavior in finishing steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1173-1181
Author(s):  
Leonardo G Sitorski ◽  
Marc L Bauer ◽  
Kendall C Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Metabolizable Protein ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Time Eating

Abstract One-hundred thirty-two finishing steers (300 ± 2.7 kg body weight [BW]) predominately of Angus, Simmental, and Shorthorn breeding were used to study the effect of metabolizable protein (MP) intake on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and feeding behavior. Steers were stratified by initial BW across five pens and randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments to supply an average of 626, 906, 1,209, and 1,444 g MP/d (n = 33 per treatment). Feed intake and feeding behavior were measured using radio frequency identification tags and the Insentec feeding system. For feeding behavior, a visit was defined as each time the Insentec system detected a steer at the feed bunk. A meal was defined as eating periods by intervals no longer than 7 min. Steers were fed until they reached an average BW of 598 ± 3.1 kg. Average daily gain (ADG) responded quadratically (P &lt; 0.01) with ADG increasing in steers fed 906 g MP/d and plateauing thereafter. Dry-matter intake (DMI; kg) responded quadratically (P = 0.009) with DMI increasing with MP intake up to 1,209 g/d MP and decreasing thereafter. Gain to feed ratio (G:F) increased linearly (P = 0.04) and tended (P = 0.10) to respond quadratically, as G:F increased up to 906 g MP/d and plateaued thereafter. A quadratic response (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02, respectively) was observed for marbling score and 12th rib subcutaneous fat thickness with steers fed 1,209 g MP/d having the greatest marbling score and back fat thickness. A quadratic effect for visits and meals per day was observed (P &lt; 0.01) with steers fed the 1,209 g MP/d treatment having the least visits and meals per day. In addition, time eating per visit responded quadratically (P = 0.05) with time increasing from 626 to 906 g MP/d. There was a linear increase (P ≤ 0.02) in time eating per meal and per day with increasing MP intake. A quadratic effect (P &lt; 0.03) was observed for DMI per visit, meal, and minute with steers fed 1,209 g MP/d having the greatest DMI. In summary, steers fed 626 g MP/d had increased visits and meals per day. However, DMI per visit, meal, and minute were greater in steers fed 1,209 g MP/d. A day × treatment interaction (P &lt; 0.001) was observed for plasma urea N as concentrations increased to a greater extent over time in the higher MP treatments than in the lower MP treatments. These data indicate that MP supply (from deficient to excess) influences growth performance, carcass characteristics, and feeding behavior of finishing steers.

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