OVULATION RATE AND WEIGHT OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF YORKSHIRE AND LACOMBE SWINE

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. DYCK

Ovulation rates were determined in 41 Yorkshire, 46 Lacombe and 26 Lacombe × Yorkshire gilts, and in 37 Yorkshire and 32 Lacombe primiparous sows. Ovulation rates in gilts remained constant from puberty to the fifth estrus. For Yorkshire, Lacombe and crossbred gilts the ovulation rates were 12.2, 14.4 and 14.0, respectively. The ovulation rates in Yorkshire and Lacombe sows were the same (17.0). In sows, ovulation rate increased significantly from the first to second post-weaning estrus (15.4 vs. 17.5). In Yorkshire gilts, ovarian and uterine weights were significantly less than in Lacombe gilts. Within breeds, ovarian weight remained similar while uterine weight increased (P < 0.05) from the first to second estrus. In sows, ovarian weight, which was similar for both breeds, increased significantly from the first to second post-weaning estrus. Uterine weight in Lacombe sows was significantly greater than in Yorkshire sows, and increased (P < 0.05) from the first to third post-weaning estrus. In Yorkshire sows uterine weight remained constant over the first three estrous periods after weaning.

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. NEWSOME ◽  
W. D. KITTS

Coumestrol and estradiol were fed to prepubertal ewe lambs for 12 days. The level of coumestrol fed relative to estradiol was estimated from the relative binding affinities of the uterine cytosol estrogen receptors to be the biologically effective amount. The effects of coumestrol treatment were increased uterine weight and decreased ovarian weight and follicular development. There was a relationship between uterine weight and exchanged tritiated estradiol bound to the endometrial cell nuclear pellet.


2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-P. Brüssow ◽  
I. Egerszegi ◽  
J. Rátky ◽  
F. Soós ◽  
P. Garcia Casado ◽  
...  

Abstract. Since the morphology of the reproductive organs could be a wherefore of reproductive performance of Mangalica, this study was conducted to get some more information about the number of corpora lutea and the size of reproductive tract both in cycling and pregnant Mangalica pigs. Two experiments were carried out to investigate the reproductive tract of Mangalica gilts. In Experiment 1, reproductive organs of 66 gilts (12–15 month of age) were recovered immediately after slaughter to determine the number of ovarian features, the weight and diameter of the ovaries, and the weight and length of oviducts and uteri, respectively. In Experiment 2, 22 puberal Mangalica (M) gilts and 34 German Landrace (L) gilts were used following estrus synchronization and artificial insemination. Genital tracts were recovered by ovario-hysterectomy on day 1 (n = 8 M; 10 L), day 12 (n = 8 M; 22 L) and day 24 (n = 6 M; 2 L) of pregnancy and the number of corpora lutea, ovarian weight and diameter, and the weight and length of oviducts and uteri evaluated. Oviducts and uterine horns (day 1 and 12, respectively) were flushed or uterine horns were opened (day 24) for embryo recovery. In Experiment 1, 58 gilts (88 %) were cycling ones with mean number of ovulation of 10.6 ± 3.1. In first estrous gilts (n = 8) it was 11.1± 2.5. No differences were observed both between left and right ovaries, and first estrous and cycling gilts. The number of corpora lutea were correlated with ovarian weight (r = 0.35, p<0.05). Oviduct length (24.4 ± 1.4 and 24.3 ± 0.5 cm) and weight (4.3 ± 0.4 and 3.2 ± 0.2 g), and uterine horn length (143 ± 13 and 143 ± 5 cm) were not different in first estrous and cycling gilts. Uterine weight was higher in first estrous compared to cycling gilts (358 ± 32 vs. 250 ± 12 g, p < 0.05). In pregnant Mangalica (M) and Landrace (L) gilts no breed*day of pregnancy interaction regarding the number of ovulation was found. Mean number of corpora lutea was 17.2 ± 1.2 (M) and 18.6 ± 1.3 (L). Length of uterine horns was reduced in pregnant M compared to L gilts (124 ± 5 vs. 188 ± 6 cm, p < 0.01). Uterus grows in length continuously between day 1 and 24 of pregnancy in Landrace but not in Mangalica sows (p < 0.01). Uterine weight as well increased earlier (day 1 to day 12) in Landrace in comparison to Mangalica (day 12 to day 24). Results of this study support the concept that in Mangalica besides diminished ovarian and oocyte development, uterine conditions, especially growth restricted uterine development, may influence the initial process of early pregnancy and can be another reason of lower fecundity.


1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Petrusz ◽  
C. Robyn ◽  
E. Diczfalusy

ABSTRACT The biological effects of human follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) preparations were studied in intact immature female mice and in hypophysectomized immature female and male rats, following the complete neutralization of the luteinizing hormone (LH) content of human urinary menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) preparations having – prior to neutralization – FSH:LH ratios ranging between 1.0 and 500.0. Neutralization of LH was achieved by the addition of rabbit anti-human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) sera of known anti-LH potency. The amount of anti-LH employed was 1.5 to 730 times more than that required for 100% neutralization. In intact immature female mice, such »LH-free« FSH preparations induced an increased ovarian weight, follicle stimulation, as well as a uterine weight increase. In immature hypophysectomized female rats, »LH-free« FSH preparations induced ovarian weight increase, growth and maturation of the Graafian follicles without repair of the deficient interstitial cells and without any signs of luteinization. These ovarian changes were associated with an increase in uterine weight and with vaginal cornification. In view of these data, it is concluded that human urinary FSH per se is capable of inducing oestrogen synthesis in hypophysectomized female rats. In immature hypophysectomized male rats, »LH-free« FSH preparations induced testicular enlargement without any stimulation of the testicular interstitial cells and without any growth of the ventral prostate and seminal vesicles. The same effects were obtained following a prolonged administration (3 weeks); spermiogenesis was stimulated, but no mature spermatozoa were found.


1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Hipkin

ABSTRACT Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) augments the activity of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in the rat by increasing endogenous pituitary gonadotrophin secretion. The following experiments were undertaken to investigate the mechanism underlying this effect. Androstenedione (40 μg), dihydrotestosterone (200 μg) and testosterone (200 μg) augmented the rat uterine weight response to 0.5 IU of HCG. At these doses, the steroids did not affect basal uterine weight although this was increased when 1 mg of a steroid was injected. Androsterone (1 mg), 17α-hydroxypregnenolone (1 mg) and progesterone (200 μg) neither augmented HCG activity nor increased basal uterine weight. Ovarian weight differences were not significant in any of the experiments. Androstenedione, DHA, dihydrotestosterone and testosterone (200 μg dose level) did not significantly affect the uterine weight of castrated animals, and responses to 0.04 μg of oestradiol were not potentiated. The results with androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone and testosterone are identical to those obtained with DHA and suggest that these steroids may also increase pituitary gonadotrophin secretion.


1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Eckstein

ABSTRACT The response of ovarian weight, uterine weight, and enzyme activity of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) to chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and serum gonadotrophin (PMS) treatment at various ages of the developing rat were compared. The greatest response was found at the age of about 30 days. While the uterine weight increases to the same extent as a result of HCG and PMS treatment at all ages examined, the ovarian weight increase and the enzyme activity of SDH are different for these two gonadotrophins. The possible reasons for the maximal reactivity at the age of 30 days are discussed.


2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kapelański ◽  
Hanna Jankowiak ◽  
Maria Bocian ◽  
Salomea Grajewska ◽  
Jan Dybała ◽  
...  

Abstract The study involved an analysis of the developmental stage of reproductive organs collected at slaughter from 160 gilts (Polish Large White (PLW), n = 80; Polish Landrace (PL), n = 80) at 100 kg body weight. Due to a large variation in slaughter age (140-190 days), three groups of animals were set up: A (less than 160 days), B (160 to 180 days) and C (more than 180 days). PL gilts reached their slaughter weight earlier than PLW gilts (P≤0.05). Uterine weight increased with the age of animals but due to high variability and large deviations from the mean value, statistically significant differences were demonstrated only between gilt groups A and B for both breeds together (120.57 g vs. 148.83 g; P≤0.05). Larger differences related to the age of the gilts were found for cervical length between the groups compared (P≤0.01). The total length of the right and left uterine horns showed a significant increase with age in PLW gilts (P≤0.05). The ratio between uterine weight without ligament and the length of uterine horns (g/cm) was significantly higher in group B than in group A in gilts of both breeds together (P≤0.05), which might indicate thickening of the uterine walls. Uterine capacity was significantly higher in older animals yet due to a large variability of this trait, no significant differences between the groups were shown. The length and diameter of oviducts, the weight of each ovary, their sum and dimensions did not reveal any consistent changes associated with the age or breed of pigs. However, the size of the ovaries determined volumetrically and reported as the volume of ovaries in gilts of both breeds was significantly larger in group B compared with C (P≤0.01). No significant differences related to the studied traits were stated between PLW and PL prepubertal gilts. However, the effect of age on morphometric development of the reproductive system was more pronounced in PLW than in PL gilts.


1955 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. BROWN

SUMMARY Two convenient bioassays of urinary gonadotrophins, using immature mice, are described. The first is based upon the initial doubling of uterine weight. The second, using the ovarian weight response, attempts to increase specificity to follicle stimulating hormone by priming with human chorionic gonadotrophin. The usefulness of both methods is discussed, and the influence of non-specific impurities during the assay of urinary extracts is stressed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 122-123
Author(s):  
Amy T Desaulniers ◽  
Rebecca Cederberg ◽  
Ginger Mills ◽  
Brett R White

Abstract The second form of GnRH (GnRH-II) and its receptor (GnRHR-II) are produced in only one livestock species, the pig. Paradoxically, their interaction does not stimulate gonadotropin secretion. Instead, both have been implicated in autocrine/paracrine regulation of steroidogenesis. To elucidate their role in ovarian function, our laboratory generated transgenic swine with ubiquitous knockdown (KD) of GnRHR-II. Blood samples were collected from GnRHR-II KD (n = 8) and littermate control (n = 7) gilts at the onset of estrus (follicular) and 10 d later (luteal). Serum samples were subjected to HPLC-MS/MS to quantify concentrations of 16 steroid hormones. At euthanasia, ovarian weight, ovulation rate and weight of each excised corpus luteum (CL) were recorded; HPLC-MS/MS was also performed on CL tissue. A line (GnRHR-II KD versus control) x phase (follicular versus luteal) interaction was detected for serum progesterone concentrations; levels were reduced in transgenic compared with control gilts during the luteal phase (P = 0.0329). A tendency for a line effect was observed for 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol; transgenic females tended to produce less of these corticosteroids (P < 0.10). A phase effect was detected for cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisol, corticosterone, androstenedione, androsterone, testosterone, estrone and 17β-estradiol (P < 0.05); concentrations were greater in follicular versus luteal samples (P < 0.05). Conversely, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations were elevated in luteal samples (P < 0.05). Ovarian weight did not differ between lines, although ovulation rate was reduced in GnRHR-II KD versus control gilts (P = 0.0123). However, average CL weight was greater in GnRHR-II KD compared with control females (P < 0.0001); therefore, total CL weight tended to be reduced in transgenic gilts (P = 0.0958). In tissue samples, concentrations of progesterone and estrone tended to be reduced in transgenics females (P ≤ 0.10). Ultimately, these data suggest that GnRH-II and its receptor may help regulate ovulation rate, CL development and progesterone production in gilts. Supported by USDA/NIFA AFRI-ELI predoctoral fellowship (2017-67011-26036; ATD) and AFRI (2017-67015-26508; BRW) funds.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiming Chen ◽  
Huihui Wang ◽  
Zhiyong Dong ◽  
Junling Liu ◽  
Zhenyue Qin ◽  
...  

BackgroundEndometriosis (EMS) is an estrogen-dependent disease, which easily recurs after operation. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a), an estrogen-inhibiting drug, can effectively inhibit the secretion of gonadotropin by pituitary gland, so as to significantly decrease the ovarian hormone level and facilitate the atrophy of ectopic endometrium, playing a positive role in preventing postoperative recurrence. The application of GnRH-a can lead to the secondary low estrogen symptoms, namely the perimenopausal symptoms, and is a main reason for patients to give up further treatment. The add-back therapy based on sex hormones can well address the perimenopausal symptoms, but long-term use of hormones may cause the recurrence of EMS, as well as liver function damage, venous embolism, breast cancer and other risks, which has long been a heated topic in the industry. Therefore, it is necessary to find effective and safe anti-additive drugs soon. Studies at home and abroad show that, as a plant extract, isopropanolic extract of cimicifuga racemosa (ICR) can well relieve the perimenopausal symptoms caused by natural menopause. Some studies have preliminarily confirmed that black cohosh preparations can antagonize perimenopausal symptoms of EMS patients treated with GnRH-a after operation.ObjectiveTo establish a rat model of perimenopausal symptoms induced by GnRH-a injection, for the purposes of laying a foundation for further research and preliminarily exploring the effect of black cohosh preparations on reproductive endocrine of the rat model.MethodThe rat model of perimenopausal symptoms was established by GnRH-a injection, and normal saline (NS injection) was used as the control. The rats were randomly divided into four groups according to different modeling methods and drug intervention schemes. GnRH-a injection + normal saline intervention group (GnRH-a + NS), normal saline injection control + normal saline intervention group (NS + NS), GnRH-a injection + estradiol intervention group (GnRH-a + E2), and GnRH-a injection + black cohosh preparations intervention group (GnRH-a + ICR). After modelling was assessed to be successful with the vaginal smear method, the corresponding drugs were given for intervention for 28d. In the process of rat modeling and drug intervention, the skin temperature and anus temperature of the rat tails were measured every other day, the body weights of the rats were measured every other day, and the dosage was adjusted according to the body weight. After the intervention was over, the serum sex hormone level, the uterine weight, the uterine index, and the endometrial histomorphology changes, as well as the ovarian weight, the ovarian index, and the morphological changes of ovarian tissues of each group were measured.Results(1) The vaginal cell smears of the control group (NS + NS) showed estrous cycle changes, while other model rats had no estrous cycle of vaginal cells. (2) The body weight gains of the GnRH-a + NS, GnRH-a + E2 and GnRH-a + ICR groups were significantly higher than that of the NS + NS control group. The intervention with E2 and ICR could delay the weight gain trend of rats induced by GnRH-A. (3) After GnRH-a injection, the temperature of the tail and anus of rats showed an overall upward trend, and the intervention with E2 and ICR could effectively improve such temperature change. (4) The E2, FSH, and LH levels in the GnRH-a + NS, GnRH-a + E2, and GnRH-a + ICR groups were significantly lower than those in the NS + NS group (P &lt; 0.01). The E2 level was significantly higher and the LH level was significantly lower in the GnRH-a + E2 group than those in the GnRH-a + NS and GnRH-a + ICR groups (P &lt; 0.05). Compared with those of the GnRH-a + NS and GnRH-a + ICR groups, the FSH level of the GnRH-a + E2 group showed a slight downward trend, but the difference was not statistically significant (P &gt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of sex hormones between the GnRH-a + NS group and GnRH-a + ICR group (P &gt; 0.05). (5) Compared with those of the NS + NS group, the uterine weight and uterine index of the GnRH-a + NS, GnRH-a + E2 and GnRH-a + ICR groups significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.01). In a comparison between the groups, the uterine weight and uterine index in the GnRH-a + NS and GnRH-a + ICR groups were significantly lower than those in the GnRH-a + E2 group (P &lt; 0.01). There was a statistical difference in the uterine weight and uterine index between the GnRH-a + NS group and GnRH-a + ICR group (P &gt; 0.05). (6) Compared with those of the NS + NS group, the ovarian weight and ovarian index of the GnRH-a + NS, GnRH-a + E2 and GnRH-a + ICR groups significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the ovarian weight and ovarian index among the GnRH-a + E2, GnRH-a + NS and GnRH-a + ICR groups (P &gt; 0.05). (7) Compared with those in the NS + NS group, the number of primordial follicles increased significantly, while the number of growing follicles and mature follicles decreased significantly in the GnRH-a + NS, GnRH-a + E2, and GnRH-a + ICR groups (P &lt; 0.01), but there was a statistical difference in the total number of follicles among the four groups (P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionsThe GnRH-a injection could achieve the desired effect. The animal model successfully achieved a significant decrease in the E2, FSH, and LH levels in rats, and could cause the rats to have rising body surface temperature similar to hot flashes in the perimenopausal period. The intervention with E2 and ICR could effectively relieve such “perimenopausal symptoms”, and ICR had no obvious effect on the serum sex hormone level in rats.


1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. DYCK

The postweaning growth changes in the reproductive tract of the sow were determined in 98 Yorkshire sows slaughtered at 2-day intervals from weaning (day 0) to day 16 postweaning. At the time of weaning, after a 42-day lactation, the reproductive tract resembled that of a prepubertal gilt or anestrous sow. From weaning to day 6 (estrus), the only observed change in the ovaries was an increase in size of the vesicular follicles. After ovulation there was a decrease (P < 0.01) in ovarian weight (day 6, 8.2 ± 0.3 g; day 8, 6.0 ± 0.5 g). Subsequently ovarian weight increased with development of the corpora lutea (day 16, 13.2 ± 0.9 g). Growth of the oviducts and cervix followed the pattern of ovarian follicle growth with an increase (P < 0.01) in weight and length until day 6 postweaning (7.5 ± 0.6 g, 51.7 ± 2.2 cm, and 108 ± 7 g, 15.9 ± 0.9 cm, respectively). After ovulation, the weight and length of the oviducts and the cervix declined to those observed on day 2 postweaning. Uterine weight increased (P < 0.01) from weaning to day 6 postweaning (137 ± 24 g to 371 ± 24 g). A small increase (P < 0.01) in length was observed by day 4 postweaning (125 ± 8 cm to 151 ± 5 cm). After ovulation, uterine weight decreased to 278 ± 15 g by day 8 postweaning. Subsequently both weight and length increased to day 16 postweaning (455 ± 31 g, 264 ± 11 cm). Thus, while growth of the oviducts, uterus and cervix were associated with preovulatory follicular development only uterine growth was postiviely associated with development of the corpora lutea. Key words: Sow, postweaning, reproductive tract growth


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