scholarly journals GnRH-a-Induced Perimenopausal Rat Modeling and Black Cohosh Preparations’ Effect on Rat’s Reproductive Endocrine

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiming Chen ◽  
Huihui Wang ◽  
Zhiyong Dong ◽  
Junling Liu ◽  
Zhenyue Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Hormone Level ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Black Cohosh ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Perimenopausal Symptoms ◽  
Ovarian Index

BackgroundEndometriosis (EMS) is an estrogen-dependent disease, which easily recurs after operation. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a), an estrogen-inhibiting drug, can effectively inhibit the secretion of gonadotropin by pituitary gland, so as to significantly decrease the ovarian hormone level and facilitate the atrophy of ectopic endometrium, playing a positive role in preventing postoperative recurrence. The application of GnRH-a can lead to the secondary low estrogen symptoms, namely the perimenopausal symptoms, and is a main reason for patients to give up further treatment. The add-back therapy based on sex hormones can well address the perimenopausal symptoms, but long-term use of hormones may cause the recurrence of EMS, as well as liver function damage, venous embolism, breast cancer and other risks, which has long been a heated topic in the industry. Therefore, it is necessary to find effective and safe anti-additive drugs soon. Studies at home and abroad show that, as a plant extract, isopropanolic extract of cimicifuga racemosa (ICR) can well relieve the perimenopausal symptoms caused by natural menopause. Some studies have preliminarily confirmed that black cohosh preparations can antagonize perimenopausal symptoms of EMS patients treated with GnRH-a after operation.ObjectiveTo establish a rat model of perimenopausal symptoms induced by GnRH-a injection, for the purposes of laying a foundation for further research and preliminarily exploring the effect of black cohosh preparations on reproductive endocrine of the rat model.MethodThe rat model of perimenopausal symptoms was established by GnRH-a injection, and normal saline (NS injection) was used as the control. The rats were randomly divided into four groups according to different modeling methods and drug intervention schemes. GnRH-a injection + normal saline intervention group (GnRH-a + NS), normal saline injection control + normal saline intervention group (NS + NS), GnRH-a injection + estradiol intervention group (GnRH-a + E2), and GnRH-a injection + black cohosh preparations intervention group (GnRH-a + ICR). After modelling was assessed to be successful with the vaginal smear method, the corresponding drugs were given for intervention for 28d. In the process of rat modeling and drug intervention, the skin temperature and anus temperature of the rat tails were measured every other day, the body weights of the rats were measured every other day, and the dosage was adjusted according to the body weight. After the intervention was over, the serum sex hormone level, the uterine weight, the uterine index, and the endometrial histomorphology changes, as well as the ovarian weight, the ovarian index, and the morphological changes of ovarian tissues of each group were measured.Results(1) The vaginal cell smears of the control group (NS + NS) showed estrous cycle changes, while other model rats had no estrous cycle of vaginal cells. (2) The body weight gains of the GnRH-a + NS, GnRH-a + E2 and GnRH-a + ICR groups were significantly higher than that of the NS + NS control group. The intervention with E2 and ICR could delay the weight gain trend of rats induced by GnRH-A. (3) After GnRH-a injection, the temperature of the tail and anus of rats showed an overall upward trend, and the intervention with E2 and ICR could effectively improve such temperature change. (4) The E2, FSH, and LH levels in the GnRH-a + NS, GnRH-a + E2, and GnRH-a + ICR groups were significantly lower than those in the NS + NS group (P < 0.01). The E2 level was significantly higher and the LH level was significantly lower in the GnRH-a + E2 group than those in the GnRH-a + NS and GnRH-a + ICR groups (P < 0.05). Compared with those of the GnRH-a + NS and GnRH-a + ICR groups, the FSH level of the GnRH-a + E2 group showed a slight downward trend, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of sex hormones between the GnRH-a + NS group and GnRH-a + ICR group (P > 0.05). (5) Compared with those of the NS + NS group, the uterine weight and uterine index of the GnRH-a + NS, GnRH-a + E2 and GnRH-a + ICR groups significantly decreased (P < 0.01). In a comparison between the groups, the uterine weight and uterine index in the GnRH-a + NS and GnRH-a + ICR groups were significantly lower than those in the GnRH-a + E2 group (P < 0.01). There was a statistical difference in the uterine weight and uterine index between the GnRH-a + NS group and GnRH-a + ICR group (P > 0.05). (6) Compared with those of the NS + NS group, the ovarian weight and ovarian index of the GnRH-a + NS, GnRH-a + E2 and GnRH-a + ICR groups significantly decreased (P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the ovarian weight and ovarian index among the GnRH-a + E2, GnRH-a + NS and GnRH-a + ICR groups (P > 0.05). (7) Compared with those in the NS + NS group, the number of primordial follicles increased significantly, while the number of growing follicles and mature follicles decreased significantly in the GnRH-a + NS, GnRH-a + E2, and GnRH-a + ICR groups (P < 0.01), but there was a statistical difference in the total number of follicles among the four groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe GnRH-a injection could achieve the desired effect. The animal model successfully achieved a significant decrease in the E2, FSH, and LH levels in rats, and could cause the rats to have rising body surface temperature similar to hot flashes in the perimenopausal period. The intervention with E2 and ICR could effectively relieve such “perimenopausal symptoms”, and ICR had no obvious effect on the serum sex hormone level in rats.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Practices of Back Care, Experience in Colombian Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110234
Author(s):  
Sonia Carolina Mantilla Toloza ◽  
Carlos Alberto Jaimes Guerrero ◽  
Piedad Rocio Lerma Castaño
Keyword(s):  
Education Program ◽  
School Context ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
First Grade ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Grade School ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Back Care

Early back care has become the preventive strategy to mitigate bad postural habits and musculoskeletal alterations that trigger inadequate postural patterns in the body schema. The objective was to determine the knowledge and practice of back care in first-grade school children after applying an educational intervention for back care. Quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-tests in a sample of 71 first grade school students. Knowledge and practices for back care were evaluated before and after of the intervention. During 5 weeks, a program of education for back care was developed in the intervention group, formed by concepts about anatomy, physiology, alterations of the spine, adoption of appropriate postures and movements in school life and the execution of adequate movements learned. Simultaneously, physical exercises based on aerobic work, strengthening and stretching the back muscles were carried out with the children in the control group. A linear regression model and a two-level hierarchical model were applied to estimate the effect of the intervention. After the execution of the back care education program, a better score was found in the knowledge and practice questionnaire, which was different between the intervention group and the control group (1.72 95% CI 1.21-2.24). The development of an education program generated a change in the score of the questionnaire on knowledge of back care in the intervnetion group, which suggests the implementation of these strategies in the school context during early childhood, contributing to the prevention of back disorders and deficiencies

Pengaruh Clay Therapy terhadap Kecemasan Anak Usia Prasekolah yang Menjalani Prosedur Invasif di RSUD Al-Ihsan

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-86
Author(s):  
Depi Lukitasari
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Preschool Age Children

Background. During hospitalization large number of invasive procedure recived by patient and preceived as threatening and anxiety experience. One of the invasive procedures that commonly done is the venous blood extraction. The children in preschool age preceived venous blood extraction as something that endanger the integrity of the body and lead to anxiety experience. To reduce the anxiety during the venous blood extraction, a nurse could perform a clay theraphy. The aim of this research is to ascertain the effect of clay therapy toward scoreof anxiety in preschool age children that undergoing venous blood extraction in RSUD Al-Ihsan.Methode. The study was quasi-experiment with nonequivalent control group posttest only. A total of 34 children who recieve venous blood extraction was assigned into 2 group, 17 children in control and 17 children in intevention. The children anxiety level measured using anxiety observation sheet before the procedure complete. Data were analyzed used independent t test for bivariate and logistik regresion for multivariate. Result Findings. The results  show a significat difference in anxiety score between control group and intervention group with p-value 0,001 < α 0.05 which means there is impact of clay therapy to level anxiety in preschool age children undergoing invasive procedure in RSUD Al-Ihsan. Conclusion. This research indicate that clay therapy may be used to reduce anxiety in children that undergoing venous blood extraction.

scholarly journals Optimalisasi Pertumbuhan Bayi dengan Baby Massage and Spa

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Yusari Asih ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Mirah WS
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference

<p><span>Baby Massage and Spa was a traditional effort that uses a holistic approach through comprehensive care using a combination of massage and water therapy methods that are carried out in an integrated manner to balance the body, mind, and feelings. Age 3-6 months is the right time for babies to do massage and spa. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of baby massage and spa on the growth of infants aged 3-5 months in Pringsewu District in 2018. This study uses a quasi-experimental approach with research design pre and post-test with control group design. The purposive sampling technique was taken with a sample of 30 infants as the intervention group and 30 infants as the control group. Data were processed using computerization and analyzed using the T-Test. The results showed that there were significant differences between body weight, body length and baby head circumference in the pre and post-treatment. There was no significant difference in the average increase in infant weight between babies who were carried out by baby massage and spa with babies who were not carried out by baby massage and spa with p-value 0.116. There is a significant difference in the baby's body length and head circumference performed by baby massage and spa with those not carried out by baby massage and spa with p-value 0.000. Baby Massage and Spa has a significant effect on increasing the growth of babies aged 3-5 months.</span></p><p><span> </span></p>

scholarly journals Biochemical and Haemodynamic Effects of Crystalloid Solutions Administered During Perioperative Period

2009 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Debasish Banik ◽  
Qumrul Huda ◽  
Abdul Hye ◽  
KM Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Urine Output ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Operative Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A

Forty five (45) ASA grade I & II patients aged between 21 to 55 years, scheduled for electiv abdominal surgery (incision not exceeding 15 cm with minimal blood loss, under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated into three groups (A, and C). Patients of Group A, B and C received infusion of 5% dextrose aqua, normal saline and 5% dextrose in normal saline respectively throughout perioperative course (upto 24 hours after operation). Each group received post operative period. Parameters recorded were mean arterial pressure (MAP), Pulse, Serum elecirolyte (Na+, K+), amount of fluid in fused and urine output during operation and postoperatively Blood samples for serum electrolyte estimation were taken just before induction, immediately before reversal and twenty four hours after surgery. A standard anaesthetic technique was followed for all groups.Percentage increase from pre-operative values were calculated for mean arterial pressure, pulse rate and serum electrolytes. The ratio between urine output and fluid infused during per- and post-operative period were calculated. There were statistically significant (p<0.05) difference between group A and C in perand post-operative change in pulse rate and statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in postoperative output/input ratio between group A and B and highly significant (p<0.01) between A and C. Electrolyte containing fluids of higher osmolality caused increased diuresis in per-operative period and increased pulse rate in post-operative period. So, although there are few difference between three fluids, these didnot produce any effects( beneficial or detrimental) on the body system under normal conditions. Journal of BSA, Vol. 19, No. 1 & 2, 2006 p.33-37

Normal saline instillation before suctioning: helpful or harmful? A review of the literature

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Research Utilization ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endotracheal Suctioning ◽  
Common Clinical Practice ◽  
Saline Instillation ◽  
Recommended Guidelines ◽  
Research Studies

This research utilization paper reviews the body of published literature on the practice of normal saline instillation before endotracheal suctioning of mechanically ventilated adult patients. Although normal saline instillation before suctioning is a common clinical practice, the research literature does not demonstrate any physiologic benefit to this procedure. Moreover, normal saline instillation may decrease oxygen saturation values (via pulse oximetry) after suctioning. The relevant research studies have been inconsistent and inconclusive because of limitations in sample size and research methodology. Further research studies using larger, more diverse samples, adhering strictly to recommended guidelines for endotracheal suctioning, and examining additional physiologic parameters of oxygenation are necessary. In addition, long-term outcomes of normal saline instillation such as respiratory infection and complications, as well as atelectasis, should be evaluated. Until scientific data can be presented to support the physiologic benefit of this practice, normal saline instillation should be discontinued as a routine or standard practice.

THE EFFECTS OF FEEDING COUMESTROL ON THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF PREPUBERTAL LAMBS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. NEWSOME ◽  
W. D. KITTS
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Endometrial Cell ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Relative Binding

Coumestrol and estradiol were fed to prepubertal ewe lambs for 12 days. The level of coumestrol fed relative to estradiol was estimated from the relative binding affinities of the uterine cytosol estrogen receptors to be the biologically effective amount. The effects of coumestrol treatment were increased uterine weight and decreased ovarian weight and follicular development. There was a relationship between uterine weight and exchanged tritiated estradiol bound to the endometrial cell nuclear pellet.

scholarly journals Corticosterone Injection Impairs Follicular Development, Ovulation and Steroidogenesis Capacity in Mice Ovary

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei ◽  
Li ◽  
Meng ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Methyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Ovarian Granulosa Cell ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Ovarian Index

The aim of this study is to establish an ovarian stress model, and to investigate the effects of stress on follicular development. Our data showed that continuous intraperitoneal injection of CORT successfully created a stressful environment in the ovary. To assess the effects of CORT on ovarian functions, 80 three-week-old ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) female mice were randomly divided into control group and treatment group. All mice were injected intraperitoneally with pregnant horse serum gonadotropin (PMSG). At the same time, the treatment group were injected with CORT (1 mg/mouse) at intervals of 8 h; while the control group was injected with same volume of methyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Blood, ovaries, or ovarian granulosa cell samples were collected at 24 h, 48 h, and 55 h after PMSG injection. The results showed that, compared with the control group, CORT-injected mice revealed a significant decrease in ovulation rates, ovarian weight, ovarian index, the number of secondary follicles and mature follicles, levels of estrogen and progesterone, and mRNA expression of steroid synthase-related genes. Collectively, our findings clearly demonstrated that CORT injection could represent an effective practice to simulate stresses that inhibit ovarian functions by reducing follicular development and ovulation.

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HUMAN URINARY FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Petrusz ◽  
C. Robyn ◽  
E. Diczfalusy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Female Mice

ABSTRACT The biological effects of human follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) preparations were studied in intact immature female mice and in hypophysectomized immature female and male rats, following the complete neutralization of the luteinizing hormone (LH) content of human urinary menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) preparations having – prior to neutralization – FSH:LH ratios ranging between 1.0 and 500.0. Neutralization of LH was achieved by the addition of rabbit anti-human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) sera of known anti-LH potency. The amount of anti-LH employed was 1.5 to 730 times more than that required for 100% neutralization. In intact immature female mice, such »LH-free« FSH preparations induced an increased ovarian weight, follicle stimulation, as well as a uterine weight increase. In immature hypophysectomized female rats, »LH-free« FSH preparations induced ovarian weight increase, growth and maturation of the Graafian follicles without repair of the deficient interstitial cells and without any signs of luteinization. These ovarian changes were associated with an increase in uterine weight and with vaginal cornification. In view of these data, it is concluded that human urinary FSH per se is capable of inducing oestrogen synthesis in hypophysectomized female rats. In immature hypophysectomized male rats, »LH-free« FSH preparations induced testicular enlargement without any stimulation of the testicular interstitial cells and without any growth of the ventral prostate and seminal vesicles. The same effects were obtained following a prolonged administration (3 weeks); spermiogenesis was stimulated, but no mature spermatozoa were found.

EFFECTS OF ADRENALECTOMY ON THE RELEASE OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND THE ONSET OF PUBERTY IN FEMALE RATS

1977 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. A. MEIJS-ROELOFS ◽  
P. KRAMER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

The involvement of the adrenal gland in the release of gonadotrophins and the onset of puberty in female rats was studied. Two and four days after adrenalectomy (ADX) on either day 5 or 10 after birth, a significant decrease in the concentration of FSH was found; 4 days after ADX on either day 15 or 20, FSH concentrations had increased significantly compared with sham-operated and/or intact controls. However, in the rats adrenalectomized on day 15 or 20, the body weights were lower than in control rats. Relative uterine weights (mg/100 g body wt) in adrenalectomized rats never differed from those of control rats. A delay in the time at which vaginal opening and the first oestrus occurred was found in rats adrenalectomized at 20 or 25 days of age; however this delay was accompanied in these rats by a retardation in the gain in body weight. It is argued that the effects of ADX on both the release of gonadotrophins and the onset of puberty are primarily, and presumably exclusively, due to the effects on general bodily development (expressed in body weight). The lack of effect of ADX on uterine weight supports the hypothesis that 'oestrogen-like' products from the adrenal gland are not biologically active as oestrogens.

scholarly journals The Effect of Baduanjin on Promoting the Physical Fitness and Health of Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Li ◽  
Li Jin ◽  
Ping Hong ◽  
Zi-Hong He ◽  
Chuan-Ye Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Fitness And Health ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Lower Corner

The purpose of study was to assess the efficacy of a 16-week Baduanjin qigong training intervention in promoting physical fitness and health for adults. An experimental design was adopted, and subjects were assigned randomly into an experimental group (n=55) and a control group (n=55). In the intervention group comprised of adults, there were no significant variations in blood glucose, blood lipid, blood pressure, heart rate variability, and vital capacity indices. The body weight and body mass index (BMI) dropped in the intervention group. Compared with the control group, the skinfold thicknesses decreased at lower corner of scapula, triceps brachii, and abdomen, with a statistical significance (P<0.001;P=0.005;P=0.003). By comparing the physical fitness indices, it was found that the increase of the results of sit-and-reach test in the intervention group had statistical significance (P=0.001). In conclusion, it was found by our trial that Baduanjin exercise could significantly improve the physical flexibility and subcutaneous adipose accumulation in the healthy adults.

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