scholarly journals Organometric data of the reproductive tract in cycling and early pregnant Hungarian Mangalica pigs

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-P. Brüssow ◽  
I. Egerszegi ◽  
J. Rátky ◽  
F. Soós ◽  
P. Garcia Casado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Embryo Recovery ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Initial Process

Abstract. Since the morphology of the reproductive organs could be a wherefore of reproductive performance of Mangalica, this study was conducted to get some more information about the number of corpora lutea and the size of reproductive tract both in cycling and pregnant Mangalica pigs. Two experiments were carried out to investigate the reproductive tract of Mangalica gilts. In Experiment 1, reproductive organs of 66 gilts (12–15 month of age) were recovered immediately after slaughter to determine the number of ovarian features, the weight and diameter of the ovaries, and the weight and length of oviducts and uteri, respectively. In Experiment 2, 22 puberal Mangalica (M) gilts and 34 German Landrace (L) gilts were used following estrus synchronization and artificial insemination. Genital tracts were recovered by ovario-hysterectomy on day 1 (n = 8 M; 10 L), day 12 (n = 8 M; 22 L) and day 24 (n = 6 M; 2 L) of pregnancy and the number of corpora lutea, ovarian weight and diameter, and the weight and length of oviducts and uteri evaluated. Oviducts and uterine horns (day 1 and 12, respectively) were flushed or uterine horns were opened (day 24) for embryo recovery. In Experiment 1, 58 gilts (88 %) were cycling ones with mean number of ovulation of 10.6 ± 3.1. In first estrous gilts (n = 8) it was 11.1± 2.5. No differences were observed both between left and right ovaries, and first estrous and cycling gilts. The number of corpora lutea were correlated with ovarian weight (r = 0.35, p<0.05). Oviduct length (24.4 ± 1.4 and 24.3 ± 0.5 cm) and weight (4.3 ± 0.4 and 3.2 ± 0.2 g), and uterine horn length (143 ± 13 and 143 ± 5 cm) were not different in first estrous and cycling gilts. Uterine weight was higher in first estrous compared to cycling gilts (358 ± 32 vs. 250 ± 12 g, p < 0.05). In pregnant Mangalica (M) and Landrace (L) gilts no breed*day of pregnancy interaction regarding the number of ovulation was found. Mean number of corpora lutea was 17.2 ± 1.2 (M) and 18.6 ± 1.3 (L). Length of uterine horns was reduced in pregnant M compared to L gilts (124 ± 5 vs. 188 ± 6 cm, p < 0.01). Uterus grows in length continuously between day 1 and 24 of pregnancy in Landrace but not in Mangalica sows (p < 0.01). Uterine weight as well increased earlier (day 1 to day 12) in Landrace in comparison to Mangalica (day 12 to day 24). Results of this study support the concept that in Mangalica besides diminished ovarian and oocyte development, uterine conditions, especially growth restricted uterine development, may influence the initial process of early pregnancy and can be another reason of lower fecundity.

POSTWEANING CHANGES IN THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT OF THE SOW

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. DYCK
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Growth Changes

The postweaning growth changes in the reproductive tract of the sow were determined in 98 Yorkshire sows slaughtered at 2-day intervals from weaning (day 0) to day 16 postweaning. At the time of weaning, after a 42-day lactation, the reproductive tract resembled that of a prepubertal gilt or anestrous sow. From weaning to day 6 (estrus), the only observed change in the ovaries was an increase in size of the vesicular follicles. After ovulation there was a decrease (P < 0.01) in ovarian weight (day 6, 8.2 ± 0.3 g; day 8, 6.0 ± 0.5 g). Subsequently ovarian weight increased with development of the corpora lutea (day 16, 13.2 ± 0.9 g). Growth of the oviducts and cervix followed the pattern of ovarian follicle growth with an increase (P < 0.01) in weight and length until day 6 postweaning (7.5 ± 0.6 g, 51.7 ± 2.2 cm, and 108 ± 7 g, 15.9 ± 0.9 cm, respectively). After ovulation, the weight and length of the oviducts and the cervix declined to those observed on day 2 postweaning. Uterine weight increased (P < 0.01) from weaning to day 6 postweaning (137 ± 24 g to 371 ± 24 g). A small increase (P < 0.01) in length was observed by day 4 postweaning (125 ± 8 cm to 151 ± 5 cm). After ovulation, uterine weight decreased to 278 ± 15 g by day 8 postweaning. Subsequently both weight and length increased to day 16 postweaning (455 ± 31 g, 264 ± 11 cm). Thus, while growth of the oviducts, uterus and cervix were associated with preovulatory follicular development only uterine growth was postiviely associated with development of the corpora lutea. Key words: Sow, postweaning, reproductive tract growth

THE EFFECTS OF FEEDING COUMESTROL ON THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF PREPUBERTAL LAMBS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. NEWSOME ◽  
W. D. KITTS
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Endometrial Cell ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Relative Binding

Coumestrol and estradiol were fed to prepubertal ewe lambs for 12 days. The level of coumestrol fed relative to estradiol was estimated from the relative binding affinities of the uterine cytosol estrogen receptors to be the biologically effective amount. The effects of coumestrol treatment were increased uterine weight and decreased ovarian weight and follicular development. There was a relationship between uterine weight and exchanged tritiated estradiol bound to the endometrial cell nuclear pellet.

OVULATION RATE AND WEIGHT OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF YORKSHIRE AND LACOMBE SWINE

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. DYCK
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Ovarian Weight

Ovulation rates were determined in 41 Yorkshire, 46 Lacombe and 26 Lacombe × Yorkshire gilts, and in 37 Yorkshire and 32 Lacombe primiparous sows. Ovulation rates in gilts remained constant from puberty to the fifth estrus. For Yorkshire, Lacombe and crossbred gilts the ovulation rates were 12.2, 14.4 and 14.0, respectively. The ovulation rates in Yorkshire and Lacombe sows were the same (17.0). In sows, ovulation rate increased significantly from the first to second post-weaning estrus (15.4 vs. 17.5). In Yorkshire gilts, ovarian and uterine weights were significantly less than in Lacombe gilts. Within breeds, ovarian weight remained similar while uterine weight increased (P < 0.05) from the first to second estrus. In sows, ovarian weight, which was similar for both breeds, increased significantly from the first to second post-weaning estrus. Uterine weight in Lacombe sows was significantly greater than in Yorkshire sows, and increased (P < 0.05) from the first to third post-weaning estrus. In Yorkshire sows uterine weight remained constant over the first three estrous periods after weaning.

411 EFFICIENCY OF DAY SEVEN COLLECTION OF BOVINE EMBRYOS AFTER SUPEROVULATION BY FLUSHING THE OVIDUCTS AND THE UTERINE HORNS

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
V. Havlicek ◽  
A. Kuzmany ◽  
J. F. Beckers ◽  
B. Remy ◽  
G. Brem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Epidural Anesthesia ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Embryo Recovery ◽  
Left And Right

Embryo collection on Day 7 following superovulation is characterized by wide variation in the number of ova/embryos recovered. The differences between the numbers of corpora lutea and recovered ova/embryos provide evidence for incomplete recovery. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of flushing only the uterine horns v. endoscopical flushing of both the oviducts and the uterine horns on embryo recovery rates. A total of 12 superovulated Simmental heifers, aged 18 to 24 months were presynchronized by i.m. administration of PGF2 (500 μg of cloprostenol; Estrumate®, Essex Tierarznei, Munich, Germany) twice within 11 days. Two days after each of the PGF2 treatments, the animals received 0.02 μg of GnRH (Receptal®, Intervet, Boxmeer, the Netherlands). Between Days 9 and 11 of the estrous cycle, the animals got the first of 8 consecutive, twice-daily FSH injections in decreasing doses (in total 300-400 mg of FSH equivalent according to body weight; Stimufol®, ULg FMV PhR, Tilman, Belgium). Two PGF2 treatments were administered 60 and 72 h after the initial FSH treatment. Finally, 48 h after the first PGF2 application, ovulation was induced by injecting 0.02 μg of GnRH simultaneously with the AI. The AI was performed by using 1 straw of semen from a Simmental bull of proven fertility. Seven days after estrus, the heifers were restrained and an epidural anesthesia was performed. The uterine horns of the heifers were first flushed nonsurgically (300 mL of PBS + 1% FCS). Additionally, the oviducts were flushed by a transvaginal endoscopic technique (50 mL of PBS+1% FCS) followed by repeated flushing (250 mL of PBS + 1% FCS) of the uterine horns (combined flushing). In total, 12 animals delivered 132 ova/embryos (mean = 11 ± 6.5; recovery rate = 83%), with 83 developed to blastocysts/morulae (mean = 6.9 ± 6.4). The first flush of the uterine horns gave 3.8 ova/embryos on average with 2.8 being blastocysts/morulae (developmental rate = 75.6%). The following combined flush gave 7.3 ova/embryos with 4.1 developed to blastocysts/morulae (developmental rate = 56.3%). No differences were found between flushing the left and right sides. In conclusion, the present study shows that the additional step involving flushing of oviducts plus uterine horns of superovulated heifers provided recovery of a higher number of ova/embryos. It is assumed that these extra numbers might be caused by the flushing of (1) the uterine horns repeatedly, (2) the region of the utero-tubal junctions, and (3) ova/embryos from the oviducts, probably as a result of incomplete migration.

Abnormalities of the reproductive tract of the sow

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Perry ◽  
R. W. Pomeroy
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Failure ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Morphological Form

1. 863 female pigs, mostly sows discarded from commercial herds in East Anglia, and sold for slaughter, were examined when killed and the condition of the reproductive tract was related to the animal's reproductive history when it was known.2. Anatomical abnormalities of the reproductive organs, other than cystic ovaries, were found in sixteen animals (including two gilts) and the abnormality involved the ovary in eight of them. At least two of them were brought to notice because of the abnormalities so that the number seen affords a maximal estimate of the incidence of this type of aberration in the pig population from which the sample was drawn.3. A wide variety of ovarian cysts was found, often within a single pair of ovaries. It is suggested that all the ‘types’ of cyst described here and elsewhere are different degrees of the same kind of aberration, the morphological form being determined by the stage in the ovulation process reached by the follicle (or corpus luteum) when overtaken by the physiological breakdown responsible for the cystic distension.4. As none but slight degrees of cystic abnormality were found in pregnant animals, these were used as a criterion to distinguish between slight and severe degrees of cystic abnormality, the latter in all probability associated with sterility, and encountered in about 10% of the sows in the sample.5. Slight degrees of cystic abnormality do not appear to be associated with the production of small litters; pregnancy appears to be either unaffected or else precluded altogether.6. The reproductive organs of more than half of the sows which were discarded for reproductive failure were found to be normal, and in many cases the failure could only be attributed to chance. A large proportion of the sows discarded as sterile were culled after their first litter. The preponderance of reproductive failure at this stage could not be attributed to ovarian cysts.7. There was a marked seasonal variation in the incidence of ovarian cysts, the proportion of animals with some degree of cystic abnormality being twice as high in the spring months as in the autumn. The variation is thought not to be due to sampling errors alone. There was no seasonal variation in the average number of corpora lutea or of embryos.8. The observations are discussed in relation to work of a comparable nature done elsewhere, particularly in U.S.A. Some striking divergences are apparent. Large cysts, commonly found in pregnant animals in America, did not appear to interfere with gestation and were evidently formed during pregnancy. Such cysts were never observed in pregnant animals in the English material, where only nine out of 130 pregnant animals showed any degree at all of cystic abnormality, by no means severe in any of them, and not involving ‘large’ cysts. Marked enlargement of the clitoris was found to be associated with one type of ovarian cyst in America but was not observed in England. A greater diversity of cystic abnormality was recognized in the present work than in American studies, and such histological and endocrinological work as has so far been done has given results somewhat different from those recorded in America.9. There is strong evidence that oestrus may fail to occur in the sow, so that the animal cannot be served. The condition is probably reported more frequently than it occurs, however, since reliance is often placed on examination alone for the detection of heat, without using a boar.10. There is some evidence that oestrus and ovulation may get out of step in some animals and it is possible that the cause is related to that of ovarian cysts. Oestrus and service may occur during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Ultrasonographic imaging of the reproductive organs of the female bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus aduncas

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
FM Brook
Keyword(s):  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Reproductive Events

Routine ultrasonographic examination of the reproductive tract was performed for periods of up to 10 years in ten female bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus aduncas) in Hong Kong. The ovaries could be reliably and repeatedly identified, lying close to the body surface, in the angle formed by the rectus abdominus and hypaxialis lumborum muscles, and were most easily located by scanning in the transverse plane from the proximal end of the genital slit towards the head. The ovaries are ovoid, with a relatively hypoechoic cortex around a central echogenic mesovarium. The echogenicity of the ovarian parenchyma appeared to increase with increasing age. This may be the result of age-related changes, such as increased fat deposition or fibrosis, or of ovarian 'scars' from multiple ovulations. Small antral follicles, developing follicles and corpora lutea can be identified within the ovarian cortex. Owing to its shape and lack of a definitive border, plus the close relationship to the intestines, the contents of which may obstruct the ultrasound beam, the non-pregnant uterus was not so easily visualized. The endometrium was poorly differentiated and difficult to see. To date, examination of the uterus using ultrasonography has provided little information about endometrial changes during the ovarian cycle in this group of dolphins. Real-time diagnostic ultrasonography provides a means to image the morphology of the reproductive organs in live female dolphins directly and provides a valuable means of assessing reproductive events in this species.

Normal and blocked pregnancy in the collared lemming: morphometrical and histological changes

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1363-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolle P. Rathmann ◽  
Frank F. Mallory
Keyword(s):  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Wild Stock ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Full Size ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Supportive Role ◽  
Dicrostonyx Groenlandicus ◽  
Very High

Normal and blocked pregnancy were studied in the collared lemming, Dicrostonyx groenlandicus, in the laboratory with individuals bred from wild stock caught at Eskimo Point, N.W.T. Morphometrical changes (corpora luteal area, ovarian weight, uterine weight, fetal crown–rump lengths, spleen and adrenal weights) during normal and blocked pregnancy were documented and found to be similar to those of other microtines. Mean maximum corpora luteal area, and ovarian and uterine weights increased continuously throughout gestation, as did the fetal crown–rump lengths. Spleen and paired adrenal weights increased similarly; however, they were not significantly different when corrected for body weight. Ovulation occurred between 9 and 12 h post coitum, as evidenced by the presence of ovulated follicles with stigmata, and luteinization was observed within 24 h. No identifiable differences were observed in the histology of corpora lutea and corpora albicantia of normal and blocked females although significant differences in size occurred. Accessory luteal structures (accessory corpora lutea and luteinized follicles) were found in very high numbers in this species compared with other microtines, peaking by day 4 post coitum and declining in number and size towards the end of gestation. It is concluded that the accessory luteal structures function in a supportive role to the corpora lutea of pregnancy during the early stages of gestation but undergo atrophy towards parturition, when the corpora lutea of pregnancy reach their full size and functional capacity. The presence of large numbers of accessory luteal structures and the similarity of histology between ovarian structures in normal and blocked pregnancy makes the identification of these conditions in the field impractical at present.

Effect of Exposure to Mixture of Heavy Metals Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead on Reproductive Function and Oxidative Stress in Female Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Choudhuri D. ◽  
Bhattacharjee T.
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Oestrus Cycle ◽  
Implantation Sites ◽  
Live Fetus

Background : Toxicological consequences arising from exposure to mixtures of heavy metals especially at low, chronic and environmentally relevant doses are poorly recognised. In the present study, we evaluated effects of chronic exposure to combinations of three metals arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) present frequently in drinking water on reproductive function and oxidative damage caused to reproductive organs of female rats. Method : Female rats were exposed to mixture of metals (As, Cdand Pb) for 90 consecutive days. The gain in body weight and weight of reproductive organs were recorded following autopsy on 91 stday. The oestrus cycle were monitored during entire treatment period. Numbers of corpora lutea, implantation sites, live fetus and survival of the fetus were evaluated in rats mated successfully with untreated male after completion of their respective treatment. Ovarian cholesterol, protein, ascorbic acid and enzyme Δ 5 -3β HSD levels were estimated. Serum levels of steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone were estimated. Histopathological picture of both ovary and uterus were assessed. Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidise (GPX) activity, amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondyaldehyde (MDA) in blood, ovary and uterus were measured as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Results : The treated rats showed reduced body weight gain and reduction in the weight of ovary and uterus. Oestrus cycle was disrupted with continuous diestrous in treated animals. Number of corpora lutea, implantation sites and live fetus and the survival of fetus evaluate were reduced significantly in treated groups. The levels of ovarian cholesterol and ascorbic acid increased in treated rats with decrease Δ5 -3β HSD level. There was reduction in serum level of both the ovarian steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone. The protein levels did not differ between the groups. There was a significant increase in levels of MDA and decrease in levels of all the antioxidant enzymes in treated group. Conclusion : The results revealed there was disruption to reproductive functions with decrease in stereoidogenic activity and associated oxidative stress in female rats treated with combination of mixture of metals (Cd, As and Pb) at low dose for 90 consecutive days.

GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN PERSONAL HYGIENE TENTANG MENSTRUASI PADA SISWI SMP

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Zaim Ashari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Behavior

During menstruation blood vessels in the uterus are very easily infected because germs easily enter and cause diseases of the reproductive tract. Some of the most common disorders are vaginal discharge and pruritus vulvae (vaginal itching). However, this complaint can be prevented by maintaining the cleanliness of the female organs early on, namely with good menstrual personal hygiene. This study aims to describe the level of personal hygiene knowledge about menstruation. This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach, with a total sample of 90 people taken by total sampling technique. The results showed that the majority of respondents had enough personal hygiene behavior as many as 82 people (91.1%), while good menstrual personal hygiene behavior was 3 people (3.3%), and respondents who had behaviors classified as less than 5 people ( 5.6%). Based on complaints on reproductive organs, respondents who experienced vaginal discharge were 85 people (94.4%) and itching around the genitals was around 83 people (92.2%).

Changes in the Male Reproductive Organs of the Dugong, Dugong dugon (Sirenia: Dugondidae) with Age and Reproductive Activity

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Marsh ◽  
GE Heinsohn ◽  
TD Glover
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Growth Layer ◽  
Male Reproductive Tract ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Examination ◽  
Testicular Histology

The anatomy and histology of the male reproductive tract of the dugong (Dugong dugon) is described. Each testis and its adjacent epididymis lie immediately caudal to the corresponding kidney. The seminal vesicles are large but there is no discrete prostate gland and the bulbo-urethral glands are also diffuse. Both qualitative and quantitative examination of the testes and epididymides of 59 males whose ages have been estimated from tusk dentinal growth layer counts indicate that the male dugong does not produce spermatozoa continuously, despite the absence of a distinct breeding season. Individual dugongs were observed with testes at all stages between complete quiescence and full spermatogenesis, and only 10 of the 40 mature males had fully spermatogenic testes and epididymides packed with spermatozoa. Androgenic and spermatogenic activity of the testes appeared to be in phase, but the testicular histology of some old males suggested that they may have been sterile for long periods.

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