FACTORS INFLUENCING THE METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUE OF RAPESEED MEAL: LEVEL IN DIET, EFFECTS OF STEAM-PELLETING, AGE OF CHICK, LENGTH OF TIME ON DIET, VARIETY OF RAPESEED AND OIL EXTRACTION PROCEDURE

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. BAYLEY ◽  
S. J. SLINGER ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS ◽  
G. C. ASHTON
Keyword(s):  
Fibrous Material ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Diet Variety ◽  
Young Chicks

Three experiments were carried out with young chicks which showed that steam-pelleting and regrinding a sample of rapeseed meal prior to its incorporation into an assay diet increased its metabolizable energy value, possibly due to improved digestion of the fibrous material in the rapeseed meal. Level of inclusion of the rapeseed meal in the assay diet did not influence the contribution of the rapeseed meal to the overall metabolizable energy of the diet. Neither the age of the chick nor the length of time that the chicks had received the rapeseed meal containing assay diets had sufficient influence on determined metabolizable energy value to account for the wide discrepancies found between published reports of the metabolizable energy value of rapeseed meal. Ten samples of rapeseed meal which had been prepared from either B. napus or B. campestris cultivars by the all solvent, the pre-press solvent or the expeller process were examined. All 10 samples were fed to young chicks and 5 of these samples were fed to mature roosters. The metabolizable energy values of the B. napus meals were very similar for both types of birds, but for the B. campestris the values tended to be higher for the roosters. In these experiments, nitrogen-corrected metabolizable energy values of from 1.34 to 2.00 kcal/g were found; half of this variation could be attributed to variation in fat content of the meals.

AN EVALUATION OF THE SUPPLEMENTARY PROTEIN AND METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUE OF RAPESEED MEALS FOR CHICKS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. MARCH ◽  
JACOB BIELY
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Proximate Analyses

Eleven samples of commercially manufactured rapeseed meals were compared as sources of supplementary protein for chicks fed wheat-based diets. When the meals were used to supply 4% of protein to diets containing a total of 16% of protein, growth rate was inferior to that obtained when 4% of supplementary protein was supplied by isolated soybean protein or by soybean meal. Growth in these tests was severely limited by the suboptimal level of lysine present in the diets, even at the low level of protein fed. Growth response of the chicks fed the different meals was accordingly sensitive to the amount of lysine available to the chick from the diet. When the rapeseed meals were supplemented with lysine and tested under similar dietary conditions, i.e., to supply 4% of the supplementary protein, growth rate was enhanced from 60 to 90% above that of chicks fed the rapeseed meals without lysine supplementation. The range in protein supplementary value of the rapeseed meals was similar with and without lysine supplementation, but there was a shift in the ranking of the meals. Supplementation of rapeseed meal with methionine and/or arginine in addition to lysine did not elicit further response. When the rapeseed meals were used to supply 8% of protein to wheat-based diets containing a total of 17.5% of protein, some of the rapeseed meals gave a growth response equal to that obtained with soybean meal. Lysine supplementation stimulated growth of the chicks fed the rapeseed meal at the higher level, but to a lesser degree than when rapeseed meal supplied 4% of protein. The biologically-determined metabolizable energy values of rapeseed meal were approximately 60% lower than the estimated catabolizable energy values based upon the proximate analyses of the meals.

scholarly journals The Metabolizable Energy Value of Some Feed Ingredients for Young Chicks

1976 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Oluyemi ◽  
B.L. Fetuga ◽  
H.N.L. Endeley
Keyword(s):  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Young Chicks

NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF LOW AND HIGH FIBRE FRACTIONS OF RAPESEED MEAL USING CHICKENS AND PIGS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. BAYLEY ◽  
D. C. HILL
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
High Fibre

Samples of Brassica napus and B. campestris rapeseed meals were separated into fractions low in crude fibre or high in crude fibre using an ’air classifier.’ The original meals contained 15% crude fibre and these levels were reduced to 8 and 10%, respectively, for the ’low fibre’ fractions from the two types of rapeseed meal, and increased to 23% in the ’high fibre’ fractions. There was 42.2 and 40.5% crude protein, respectively, in the original meals, and this was increased to 46.7% and 45.2%, respectively, in the low fibre fractions and reduced to 33% and 37%, respectively, in the high fibre fractions. The above six samples, along with rapeseed meal from the Bronowski cultivar of B. napus and 49% protein soybean meal were assayed for metabolizable energy using 4-wk-old chicks. The classical metabolizable energy values of the B. napus, B. campestris and Bronowski meals were 1.49, 1.66 and 1.71 kcal/g compared to 2.26 kcal/g for the soybean meal. The low fibre fractions from both types of rapeseed had a metabolizable energy value of 2.19 kcal/g, whilst the values for the high fibre fractions were 1.36 and 1.56 kcal/g, respectively, for B. napus and B. campestris. Incorporation of the rapeseed products as protein supplements in isocaloric 17% crude protein broiler diets resulted in similar gains for the three diets containing rapeseed meal and for a control diet containing soybean meal; however, gains were reduced for both the low and high fibre fractions. The poor performance of the birds on the diet containing the low fibre fractions was probably due to the birds having difficulty in consuming the dry powdery diet. A further growth study with 23% protein broiler diets showed that replacing one half or all the supplementary protein from soybean with the rapeseed low fibre fractions reduced weight gain, although in both experiments the rate of gain per unit liveweight over the last week of the experiment was similar for all diets, again suggesting that the birds had difficulty in adjusting to the diet. The digestible energy value of the B. campestris meal for 25-kg barrow pigs was 3.47 kcal/g. The values for the low and high fibre fractions from this meal were 3.67 and 3.39, respectively.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Metabolizable Energy Value of Rapeseed Meal

1970 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 991-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.N. Lodhi ◽  
Ruth Renner ◽  
D.R. Clandinin
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Energy Value

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Metabolizable Energy Value of Rapeseed Meal

1970 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.N. Lodhi ◽  
D.R. Clandinin ◽  
Ruth Renner
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Energy Value

scholarly journals Nutritive value of rapeseed meals and cakes for pigs and sheep

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 305-312
Author(s):  
Maija-Liisa Salo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Net Energy Value ◽  
One Year

Digestibility and nutritive value for growing pigs, liveweight 40-70 kg, were determined for high glucosinolate (HG) Span and Torch (Brassica campestris) rapeseed meals (RSM) and cakes (RSC), and for low glucosinolate (LG)Regent (B. napus) RSM and DF-15 (B. campestris) RSC in barley based diets in one year or two successive years. Some of the feeds were evaluated also for sheep. The level of RSM and RSC was 20 or 30 % of diets for pigs and 32 % for sheep. The observed net energy value of commercial Span-Torch RSM for pigs was in two successive years 0.80 and 0,79 f.u./kg dry matter (DM) ( f.u. = feed unit = 0.7kg starch equivalent).The protein values were 281 and 291 g digestible crude protein (DCP)/kg DM, respectively. The 8 %-units higher fat content together with a little better digestibility of organic components raised the f.u. value of RSC about 30 % above that of RSM. For pigs there were only slight differences in the digestibility and palatability of the HG Span-Torch and the LG Regent and DF-15 meals and cakes, but there was a clear difference in the palatability in successive years. The nitrogen balances for pigs on the RSM or RSC and barley diets were 20.4-22.2 g N/d, and the biological values of protein of the RSM and RSC were 67-68. The net energy value of Span-Torch rapeseed meal for sheep was 0.91 f.u./kg DM, and the protein value 309 g DCP/kg DM. The digestibility of cakes was nearly equal to meal, but the 8 %-units higher fat content raised the f.u. value of RSC about 20 %. The digestibility of organic matter of LG DF-15 cakes was a little better (P < 0.05) than that of Span-Torch cakes. The sheep willingly ate RSM and RSC at a 32 % level of the diets.

scholarly journals Health-Promoting Properties of the Wild-Harvested Meat of Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) and Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2108
Author(s):  
Anna Milczarek ◽  
Alina Janocha ◽  
Grażyna Niedziałek ◽  
Michalina Zowczak-Romanowicz ◽  
Elżbieta Horoszewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Health Promoting

The present studies aimed to analyse and assess the health-promoting properties of the musculus semimembranosus (MS) of roe and red deer harvested in the wild. The experimental materials comprising the carcasses of roe deer (15 does and 15 bucks) and red deer (15 hinds and 15 stags) were selected for analysis based on the following criteria: age of animals at harvest—3–4 years; time that passed from the harvest of animals to carcass cutting—48–54 h. After chilling the carcasses for 24 h at +2 °C, the haunches were cut from the carcasses and transported to the laboratory in isothermal ice-packed containers. Samples of the musculus semimembranosus were analysed to determine the chemical composition (proximate components, energy value, Fe, Pb, Cd, fatty acids). More (p ≤ 0.05) dry matter and total protein and less (p ≤ 0.05) crude fat was found in the musculus semimembranosus of roe deer in comparison to red deer. No significant influence of the animal’s sex was observed in the content of the evaluated nutrients, apart from crude fat content, which was increased in the haunch of females from both species. The energy content in the muscle of roe deer was 10% higher than the energy value of MS in red deer (p ≤ 0.05). The content of iron was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher (6.64 mg/kg) in the meat of red deer compared to the meat of roe deer (31.68 mg/kg). Roe deer haunch contained more lead but less cadmium than red deer haunch. Irrespective of sex, the lipid fraction of red deer muscle contained more saturated fatty acids (SFA). Intramuscular fat (IMF) in roe deer meat contained a higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity (TI) index values were significantly lower in roe deer haunch, and the hypocholesterolaemic-to-hypercholesterolaemic fatty acids ratio (HH) was lower (p ≤ 0.05) in red deer meat. To sum up, the evaluated roe deer and red deer haunch featured high dietary value as it contained a high protein and low fat content and had an advantageous fatty acids composition. As regards the content of cadmium and lead, roe deer and red deer haunch can be considered safe for consumers.

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