AN EVALUATION OF THE SUPPLEMENTARY PROTEIN AND METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUE OF RAPESEED MEALS FOR CHICKS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. MARCH ◽  
JACOB BIELY
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Proximate Analyses

Eleven samples of commercially manufactured rapeseed meals were compared as sources of supplementary protein for chicks fed wheat-based diets. When the meals were used to supply 4% of protein to diets containing a total of 16% of protein, growth rate was inferior to that obtained when 4% of supplementary protein was supplied by isolated soybean protein or by soybean meal. Growth in these tests was severely limited by the suboptimal level of lysine present in the diets, even at the low level of protein fed. Growth response of the chicks fed the different meals was accordingly sensitive to the amount of lysine available to the chick from the diet. When the rapeseed meals were supplemented with lysine and tested under similar dietary conditions, i.e., to supply 4% of the supplementary protein, growth rate was enhanced from 60 to 90% above that of chicks fed the rapeseed meals without lysine supplementation. The range in protein supplementary value of the rapeseed meals was similar with and without lysine supplementation, but there was a shift in the ranking of the meals. Supplementation of rapeseed meal with methionine and/or arginine in addition to lysine did not elicit further response. When the rapeseed meals were used to supply 8% of protein to wheat-based diets containing a total of 17.5% of protein, some of the rapeseed meals gave a growth response equal to that obtained with soybean meal. Lysine supplementation stimulated growth of the chicks fed the rapeseed meal at the higher level, but to a lesser degree than when rapeseed meal supplied 4% of protein. The biologically-determined metabolizable energy values of rapeseed meal were approximately 60% lower than the estimated catabolizable energy values based upon the proximate analyses of the meals.

NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF LOW AND HIGH FIBRE FRACTIONS OF RAPESEED MEAL USING CHICKENS AND PIGS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. BAYLEY ◽  
D. C. HILL
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
High Fibre

Samples of Brassica napus and B. campestris rapeseed meals were separated into fractions low in crude fibre or high in crude fibre using an ’air classifier.’ The original meals contained 15% crude fibre and these levels were reduced to 8 and 10%, respectively, for the ’low fibre’ fractions from the two types of rapeseed meal, and increased to 23% in the ’high fibre’ fractions. There was 42.2 and 40.5% crude protein, respectively, in the original meals, and this was increased to 46.7% and 45.2%, respectively, in the low fibre fractions and reduced to 33% and 37%, respectively, in the high fibre fractions. The above six samples, along with rapeseed meal from the Bronowski cultivar of B. napus and 49% protein soybean meal were assayed for metabolizable energy using 4-wk-old chicks. The classical metabolizable energy values of the B. napus, B. campestris and Bronowski meals were 1.49, 1.66 and 1.71 kcal/g compared to 2.26 kcal/g for the soybean meal. The low fibre fractions from both types of rapeseed had a metabolizable energy value of 2.19 kcal/g, whilst the values for the high fibre fractions were 1.36 and 1.56 kcal/g, respectively, for B. napus and B. campestris. Incorporation of the rapeseed products as protein supplements in isocaloric 17% crude protein broiler diets resulted in similar gains for the three diets containing rapeseed meal and for a control diet containing soybean meal; however, gains were reduced for both the low and high fibre fractions. The poor performance of the birds on the diet containing the low fibre fractions was probably due to the birds having difficulty in consuming the dry powdery diet. A further growth study with 23% protein broiler diets showed that replacing one half or all the supplementary protein from soybean with the rapeseed low fibre fractions reduced weight gain, although in both experiments the rate of gain per unit liveweight over the last week of the experiment was similar for all diets, again suggesting that the birds had difficulty in adjusting to the diet. The digestible energy value of the B. campestris meal for 25-kg barrow pigs was 3.47 kcal/g. The values for the low and high fibre fractions from this meal were 3.67 and 3.39, respectively.

RAPESEED MEAL AS A REPLACEMENT FOR SOYBEAN MEAL IN DIETS OF PROGENY FROM SOWS FED EITHER PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Bowland ◽  
F. W. Schuld
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Initial Weight

First- and second-litter progeny from sows fed either 0 or 8% solvent-extracted rapeseed meal in replacement for isonitrogenous amounts of soybean meal and wheat was used to evaluate solvent-extracted rapeseed meal as a protein source. There was no influence of the dam’s diet on gain, efficiency of feed utilization, digestible (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) or digestible nitrogen (DN) and nitrogen retention in the progeny. In pigs from first litters, the feeding of 8% rapeseed meal, compared with 0% rapeseed meal, depressed feed intake and rate of gain in the finishing period from 55 to 90 kg liveweight, and resulted in reduced gain and poorer efficiency of feed utilization for the overall experiment from 6 kg initial weight. Carcasses from rapeseed meal-fed pigs were leaner. Gilt carcasses were leaner than barrow carcasses. With second-litter pigs, there were no significant differences associated with dietary treatment or sex. There were no significant differences in DE or ME or in DN and nitrogen retention between pigs receiving 0 or 8% rapeseed meal in either the starting diets at 6 weeks of age or the growing diets at 40 kg liveweight.

NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF MEALS AND MEAL FRACTIONS DERIVED FROM RAPE AND MUSTARD SEED

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. SARWAR ◽  
J. M. BELL ◽  
T. F. SHARBY ◽  
J. D. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Energy Fraction

Low glucosinolate rapeseed meal (RSM) (B. napus 'Bronowski'), rapeseed meal fractions (hulls, detailed meal, dehulled and water-washed meal, lyophilized water extract) derived from Bronowski and from a high glucosinolate rapeseed (B. napus 'Oro'), yellow mustard (B. hirta) hulls and meal were subjected to chemical and nutritional evaluations. Oat hulls and soybean meal were included for comparison. Proximate, amino acid and glucosinolate analyses and feeding experiments were conducted. The processed meals, hulls and extracts were included in diets to provide 8, 12 and 16% dietary crude protein in conjunction with a purified basal fraction containing 5% casein. The toxic effects of glucosinolates fed with active myrosinase were confirmed. Glucosinolates included in soybean meal (SBM) control diets were innocuous. Removal of rapeseed hulls increased digestible (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) and digestible crude protein contents, but the inclusion of the hulls in high energy, non-rapeseed meal (RSM) diets had no adverse effects on growth of mice or efficiency of feed utilization. Dehulled RSM had lower DE than SBM, partly due to lower digestibility of the non-hull, non-protein energy fraction. Dehulling increased the protein content of RSM, decreased the lysine content of the protein and improved the digestibility of protein. Protein quality tests (Protein Efficiency Ratio and Apparent Biological Value) showed protein of RSM to be equal to that of soybean meal.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of rabbits fed with diets containing rapeseed meal, white lupine and pea seeds as soybean meal substitutes

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Gugołek ◽  
Jerzy Juśkiewicz ◽  
Dorota Kowalska ◽  
Cezary Zwoliński ◽  
Przemysław Sobiech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Lupine ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Experimental Group

ABSTRACT In recent years, a trend has emerged to eliminate soybean meal (SBM) from rabbit diets. It was hypothesized that a dietary mixture composed of rapeseed meal (RSM), white lupine seeds (WLS) and pea seeds (PS) could be a substitute for SBM in diets for growing rabbits without compromising their growth and physiological parameters. To verify this hypothesis, selected parameters describing the growth rate of rabbits, their blood and slaughter parameters and caecum function were analyzed. The experiment was performed on ninety HYPLUS rabbits. Control group (C) animals were fed a diet containing 15% SBM. The diet administered to the first experimental group (E1) contained 7.5% SBM, 5.0% RSM, 4.0% WLS and 3.0% PS. In the diet fed to the second experimental group (E2), SBM was completely replaced with RSM, WLS and PS. The substitution did not exert a significant negative effect on the growth rate of rabbits, selected morphological and biochemical blood parameters or carcass characteristics. The comparable growth parameters of control group rabbits and rabbits fed diets containing SBM substitutes could be partially attributed to beneficial changes in the enzymatic activity of caecal microbiota, which have a positive influence on fermentation processes in the lower gastrointestinal tract. The results of this study indicate that SBM can be completely replaced with a mixture of RSM, WLS and PS in growing rabbit diets.

THE VALUE OF RAPESEED MEAL FOR GROWING PULLETS AND LAYING HENS

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Summers ◽  
H. S. Bayley ◽  
W. F. Pepper ◽  
S. J. Slinger
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Poultry Diets

Two experiments were carried out to investigate the value of rapeseed meal in poultry diets. In the first experiment when rapeseed meal replaced all of the supplemental soybean protein in a corn, soya-type pullet growing diet, weight gain was significantly reduced as compared with the corn, soya control diet. The difference, however, was small and may well have been due to amino acid imbalance. In the second experiment rapeseed meal effectively replaced soybean meal in a laying hen diet when fed in a phase-feeding program. For the overall test, the only difference in the phase-fed groups compared with birds fed the higher protein soybean meal control diet was a significantly lower weight gain from the diet where rapeseed meal replaced all of the soybean meal protein, and a decrease in average egg weight from the diet where rapeseed meal replaced half of the soybean meal protein.

RAPESEED MEAL AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR SOYBEAN MEAL IN THE DIETS OF GROWING GILTS AND OF SOWS FOR UP TO THREE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLES

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. BOWLAND ◽  
R. T. HARDIN
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

An experiment with 32 crossbred gilts averaging 10 kg at allotment was designed to evaluate prepress-solvent extracted rapeseed meal (RSM) of Brassica campestris origin as a partial replacement for soybean meal (SBM) in diets of sows during growth or growth and reproduction when the sows were retained for three reproductive cycles. Four treatments were involved: (1) sows fed SBM throughout; (2) gilts fed 6% RSM to 90 kg and SBM for the remainder of the experiment; (3) gilts fed 6% RSM to immediately prior to first mating and SBM for the remainder of the experiment; (4) sows fed 6% RSM throughout. A second experiment with 16 mature Yorkshire sows evaluated the same RSM for one reproductive cycle only as a partial replacement for SBM when introduced into the diet immediately prior to breeding. During the growing period to 90 kg, daily feed intake, gain, and feed conversion did not differ significantly for gilts fed 0 or 6% dietary rapeseed meal, daily gain averaging 0.68 kg. Digestible energy, metabolizable energy, digestible nitrogen, and nitrogen retention coefficients were not influenced by level of dietary RSM or by period (15 or 45 kg) at which digestibility studies were conducted. Gestation length, litter size, and weight at birth and weaning were not influenced by dietary treatment in either experiment. Thyroid weights and ratio of thyroid weight to body weight of representative 2-wk-old female pigs did not differ significantly between treatments. In the first experiment, there was an average disposal of 23% of the sows per reproductive cycle because of failure to breed, failure to conceive, and other causes but these removals did not appear to be associated with treatment. The overall results suggest that up to 6% RSM of the type fed is not detrimental to sow performance when the RSM is fed during growth, throughout growth and reproduction, or when introduced suddenly at the time of breeding.

GROWTH AND DIGESTIBILITY STUDIES TO EVALUATE RAPESEED MEAL AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR SWINE

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Bayley ◽  
C. Y. Cho ◽  
J. D. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Experimental Treatments

A 15% protein corn-soy finisher diet was compared with an isonitrogenous corn-soy-rapeseed meal diet. The two diets were fed either as meal or as pellets. Twenty female pigs received each of the four experimental treatments from 45 to 90 kg liveweight. The treatments did not affect feed consumption and the substitution of 11% rapeseed meal in the diet fed as meal did not affect growth rate. Pelleting increased the growth rate of pigs on the corn-soy diet, but had no effect on the growth rate of the pigs receiving the corn-soy-rapeseed diet.The digestible energy value of the rapeseed meal and of the reground, pelleted rapeseed meal was determined using barrows of 50 kg liveweight. The digestible energy value of the rapeseed meal (2.74 kcal/g) was increased to 3.02 kcal/g by steam pelleting and regrinding.

RAW AND AUTOCLAVED FABABEANS (VICIA FABA L.) AS AN ALTERNATE SOURCE OF PROTEIN FOR BROILERS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. BHARGAVA ◽  
J. B. O’NEIL
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Alternate Source ◽  
Soybean Diet ◽  
Proximate Analyses

Seven experiments were conducted to determine the role of either raw or autoclaved fababeans (Vicia faba L. var. minor) in broiler chick diets. The proximate analyses and amino acid composition were determined and used as a base for formulating all rations. Based on a table value of 2980 metabolizable energy (ME) kcal/kg rations containing up to 20% ground raw beans had no deleterious effect on performance of chicks when energy, protein, methionine and lysine levels were equalized with those of a wheat-soybean diet. Increasing the level to 35% showed a significant reduction in feed efficiency in one experiment. Chicks fed diets containing autoclaved beans to 35% were significantly heavier and more efficient in feed utilization than those receiving raw beans in their diets. Rations containing levels of autoclaved beans to 64.5% resulted in a significant increase in feed to gain ratio. Pancreas and liver size was not affected irrespective of the level of beans fed. The ME of raw and autoclaved beans was determined to be 2142 and 2391 kcal/kg, respectively. Levels of autoclaved beans up to 72%, which represents a total replacement of soybean meal in starter diet, produced as good growth performance and carcass quality as a standard wheat-soybean diet. A combination of 20% raw beans and sufficient poultry by-product and hydrolyzed feather meal to replace all soybean meal resulted in a satisfactory performance in chicks to 4 wk of age.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUE OF RAPESEED MEAL: LEVEL IN DIET, EFFECTS OF STEAM-PELLETING, AGE OF CHICK, LENGTH OF TIME ON DIET, VARIETY OF RAPESEED AND OIL EXTRACTION PROCEDURE

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. BAYLEY ◽  
S. J. SLINGER ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS ◽  
G. C. ASHTON
Keyword(s):  
Fibrous Material ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Diet Variety ◽  
Young Chicks

Three experiments were carried out with young chicks which showed that steam-pelleting and regrinding a sample of rapeseed meal prior to its incorporation into an assay diet increased its metabolizable energy value, possibly due to improved digestion of the fibrous material in the rapeseed meal. Level of inclusion of the rapeseed meal in the assay diet did not influence the contribution of the rapeseed meal to the overall metabolizable energy of the diet. Neither the age of the chick nor the length of time that the chicks had received the rapeseed meal containing assay diets had sufficient influence on determined metabolizable energy value to account for the wide discrepancies found between published reports of the metabolizable energy value of rapeseed meal. Ten samples of rapeseed meal which had been prepared from either B. napus or B. campestris cultivars by the all solvent, the pre-press solvent or the expeller process were examined. All 10 samples were fed to young chicks and 5 of these samples were fed to mature roosters. The metabolizable energy values of the B. napus meals were very similar for both types of birds, but for the B. campestris the values tended to be higher for the roosters. In these experiments, nitrogen-corrected metabolizable energy values of from 1.34 to 2.00 kcal/g were found; half of this variation could be attributed to variation in fat content of the meals.

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